Sphaeropsocus Hagen, 1882

Grimaldi, David & Engel, Michael S., 2006, Extralimital Fossils of the ‘‘ Gondwanan’ ’ Family Sphaeropsocidae (Insecta: Psocodea), American Museum Novitates 3523 (1), pp. 1-20 : 5

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3523[1:EFOTGF]2.0.CO;2
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7D1A06-FF88-FF8E-F1BF-FBBBFBDFFDA8
treatment provided by	Carolina (2021-08-30 04:46:04, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-05 21:29:54)
scientific name	Sphaeropsocus Hagen
status

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Genus Sphaeropsocus Hagen View in CoL

Sphaeropsocus Hagen, 1882: 226 View in CoL . Type species: Sphaeropsocus kuenowii Hagen, 1882 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Palaeotroctes Enderlein, 1911: 350 View in CoL . Type species: Atropos succinica Hagen, 1882 , by monotypy. Synonymy vide Pearman, 1958: 51.

DIAGNOSIS: (modified from Badonnel, 1963;

Smithers, 1972; Mockford, 1993). Distinguished from Badonnelia on the basis of less reduced venation of the female forewings (vide Badonnelia , infra); distinguished from Sphaeropsocopsis by not having the apices of Rs, M, or Cu fused; from Sphaeropsocites by having P 4 not swollen, eyes distant from posterior margin of head, M and Rs not fused, and no crossveins; from Sphaeropsocoides by having very short to virtually no stems for R, M, and Cu, and tibiae without apical spurs.

Sphaeropsocus kuenowii Hagen

Figures 1 View Fig , 2a–d, 3 View Fig , 4 View Fig

References

Badonnel, A. 1963. Psocopteres terricoles, lapidicoles et corticicoles du Chili. Biologie de l'Amerique Australe 2: 291 - 338.

Enderlein, G. 1911. Die fossilen Copeognathen und ihre Phylogenie. Palaeontographica 58: 279 - 360.

Hagen, H. A. 1882. Ueber Psociden in Bernstein. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 43: 217 - 238.

Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Flora and Fauna Handbook 10: xviii + 1 - 455.

Pearman, J. V. 1958. Augmented description of Badonnelia titei Pearman (Psoc., Sphaeropsocidae), with notes on the genus Sphaeropsocus. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 94 (1126): 49 - 52.

Smithers, C. N. 1972. The classification and phylogeny of the Psocoptera. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 14: 1 - 349.

Figures

Fig. 1. Sphaeropsocus kuenowii Hagen (slightly reconstructed), as originally illustrated by Hagen, 1882 (a), by Enderlein, 1911 (b), by Badonnel, 1951 (c), and by Bekker-Migdisova and Vishniakova, 1962 (d). All authors erroneously depicted this species with a fully developed, Y-shaped frontal ‘‘suture’’ (which is actually an ecdysial cleavage furrow or scar; since true sutures represent segmental lines). In fact, note how later authors had simply redrawn Enderlein’s illustration. Interestingly, Hagen (1882) was far more accurate than his successors in the description and depiction of this species, the latter of whom erroneously depicted a forked cubital, a long stem of vein M, and the anterior margin of the forewing as barely cordate. Despite improvements in optics, the iconography of this interesting species suffered from a steady decline in original and critical observations.