Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Zhadan, Anna E. & Rizzo, Alexandra E., 2019, Revision of Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971 (Annelida, Sedentaria), Zootaxa 4637 (1), pp. 1-67 : 31-34

Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983

Figures 16–18

Fauveliopsis sp Amoureux 1982: 194, 1986: 607.

Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder 1983: 172–173 , Figs. 8–11 .

TL: Off E Ireland, North Atlantic Ocean, 4040–4060 m, in foraminiferans (Bathysiphon fusticum).

Type material: Northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Holotype ( BMNH 1982.37 ), one paratype ( BMNH 1982.38 examined by Petersen 2000), and another paratype ( ZMH P-17388), SW off Ireland, R/ V Discovery, Sta. 10114 (49°45’ N, 14°08’ W), 4040–4060 m, in tubular foraminiferan Bathysiphon fusticum , 10 Sep. 1979 (holotype dis- torted by label; body 6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 29 chaetigers). One paratype (ZMH P-17389), SW off Ireland, R/V Discovery, Sta. 9638 (20°59’ N, 14°12’ W), 4043–4014 m, in tubular foraminiferan B. fusticum, 8 Sep. 1979 (8 mm long, 0.5–1.2 mm wide, 22 chaetigers).

Additional material: Northeastern Atlantic Ocean. 11 specimens (MNHN 901c), E off Pontevedra, Spain, Abyplaine 1983, Sta. 11 (42°57’ N, 13°59’ W to 43°00’ N, 14°08’ W), 5260 m, 12–13 Jun. 1981.

Diagnosis. Fauveliopsis with 22–29 chaetigers (28 after Petersen 2000:500) ( Fig. 16A, B ), 22 in paratype ( Fig. 17A, B ). Integument finely annulated. First two chaetigers with two aciculars and two capillaries per rami (broken in holotype, Fig. 16D , or paratype, Fig. 17C ). Median neuropodia with one acicular and one capillary per bundle. Posterior neuropodia with 3–4 aciculars and 3–4 capillaries per bundle. Chaetal formula: 2–3A/2–3A (ant.), 1–2A1–2c/1–2c1–2A (med.), 3–4A3–4c/3–4c3–4A (post.). GP not seen (in a non-type specimen GP present on the right side, just before chaetal bundle of chaetiger 11). Oocytes unknown. Posterior region with venter smooth, resembling a shield ( Fig. 16B , 17D ). In tubular foraminiferans ( Fig. 18E ).

Observations. Largest Paris specimen (MNHN 901c) damaged ( Fig. 18A, G ), almost broken into two pieces; body 9 mm long, 1 mm wide, 29 chaetigers; body markedly wider posteriorly ( Fig. 18 B–E), or gradually wider medially ( Fig. 18A, G ); posterior venter distorted by compression, resembling a ‘shield.’ First three chaetigers with two aciculars per bundle, no capillaries; median chaetigers with two aciculars and two capillaries per bundle, posterior chaetigers with two aciculars and two capillaries per notopodia, and 3–4 thinner, shorter aciculars and 3–4 capillaries per neuropodia. Genital papillae on the right side, just before chaetal bundle of chaetiger 11 ( Fig. 18E , inset). Eight additional specimens, variably contracted or damaged, bodies 1.8–3.5 mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide, 19–25 chaetigers.

Amoureux (1982:194) indicated that all of his specimens had been found in gastropod shells. For his subsequent publication ( Amoureux 1986:607) he did not comment about where the specimens had been found, but stated they were 2–5 mm long, and with 19–30 chaetigers. These specimens resemble F. olgae but their identity cannot be confirmed because of two main reasons. First, F. olgae was found living in Bathysiphon foraminiferans, which provide a different living space than the one provided by a gastropod (or scaphopod) shell. Despite the fact that the actual associated organism was not indicated by Amoureux (1986), the posterior region shows a posterior, heavily pigmented ventral zone which would fit what Petersen (2000) regarded as a shield, and this is rarely found on those specimens retrieved from foraminferans, but it is common in those found in gastropod shells. Second, the largest specimens available here (MNHN 901c) have single GP on the right side, just before the chaetal lobe of chaetiger 11, but there are no genital papillae in the original material of F. olgae , despite the fact that the holotype was slightly larger than the largest Paris specimen (MNHN 901c). The posterior region can be variable modified after being fixed withint a gastropod or foraminiferan tube, such that it can become smooth, but this smooth area cannot be regarded as a shield because it varies in shape and width ( Fig. 18C, D, G ); being so variable, even among specimens of the same lot, it is herein regarded as a preservation artifact.

Remarks. Fauveliopsis olgae resembles F. scabra by having integument rugose, and median and posterior regions with three or more chaetae on both rami. They differ, as indicated in the key above, by the chaetiger where genital papillae (GP) are present, and in the number of chaetae in posterior chaetigers. In F. olgae GP are present in chaetiger 10 (in a non-type specimen), and 3–4 capillaries and the same number of aciculars in posterior chaetigers, whereas in F. scabra GP are present in chaetiger 8, and there are up to three aciculars and up to three capillaries per bundle in posterior chaetigers.

Fauveliopsis brattegardi was described based upon a very small specimen (2.1 mm long) and 16(17) chaetigers. Based on the specimens indicated above, the increase in the number of chaetigers appears to slightly depend on body size, such that it would be useful to find larger specimens of the Norwegian species and compare them with F. olgae and clarify the amount of variation in this feature. This finding is important because there are two main features to separate species in Fauveliopsis : (1) the variation in the number of chaetae along the body (homogeneous vs heterogeneous), and (2) the number of chaetigers (under certain range of variation). However, at least for these specimens, both are size-dependent and consequently any new species description should rely on large specimens and on a series of other ones showing ontogenetic changes in chaetal and chaetigers numbers.

Amoureux (1982: 194) indicated 150 specimens from 15 stations and gave individual counts per station in a depth range of 390 m to 1500 m; regretfully, they were mixed in a single container. He regarded them as belonging to three species, and were kept as such: Laubieriopsis brevis , Fauveliopsis scabra , and Fauveliopsis sp. There are no specimens available in Paris of F. scabra , recorded from R/V Abyplaine 1981, Sta. 11, 5260 m. Perhaps Amoureux changed his mind about this species or material, after making the label, since no specimens are in the container.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960), non-types (LACM 7613), tubes. A. Tube fragments and one transverse section. B. Eight-shaped tube, opening directed upwards. C. Medial and basal fragments showing complex inner features, worms surrounded by fine sediment. D. Cross section of a medial fragment, inner cover is mucous with fine particles, median brownish core of variable width, outer tube regions more homogeneous. E. Basal fragment, outer cover darker than outer layer, inner with fine sediment particles (broken for figure 10). F. Basal fragment with darker cover inside, fine sediment particles covering tube lumen. Scale bars: A, B: 2 mm, C: 1.3 mm, D: 0.3 mm, E, F: 0.7 mm.

FIGURE 9. Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960), non-types (LACM Sta. 6850), tubes 2. A. Piece broken longitudinally to show tube wall structure. B. Close-up of fragment in lower left part of A. C. Close-up of fragment in lower right part of A. D. Same, close-up of basal region. Scale bars: A: 0.9 mm, B: 0.6 mm, C: 0.5 mm, D: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 10. Fauveliopsis levensteinae n. sp., holotype (SIORAS Vi 6142).A. Dorsal view (arrow points to genital papilla). B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Dorsal view of chaetigers 10–15 (asterisk indicates genital papilla). D. Same, lateral view, after temporary staining with methyl green (arrow points to genital papilla). E. Anterior abdominal region, chaetigers 21–22, with oocytes. F. Posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A: 0.9 mm, B: 0.6 mm, C, E: 0.3 mm, D: 110 µm, F: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Fauveliopsis levensteinae n. sp., holotype (SIORAS Vi 6142). A. Anterior region, ventral view. B. Chaetigers 10–17, ventral view (arrow points to genital papilla). C. Transition thorax-anterior abdomen (chaetigers 17–18), ventral view. D. Chaetigers 19–20, full of oocytes (diameter 90–100 µm), ventral view. E. Chaetigers 20–21, with oocytes and irregular pale masses (sperm?), ventral view. F. Posterior region, ventral view. Scale bars: A: 0.4 mm, B–F: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 16. Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983, holotype (BMNH 1982.37). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Same, anterior region. D. Anterior region, right lateral view. Scale bars: A, B: 0.5 mm, C, D: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 17. Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983, paratype (ZMH P-17388).A. Dorsal view. B. Right lateral view. C. Anterior region, ventral view. D. Posterior region, ventral view. E. Tubular foraminiferan fragment, external surface granulose, inner surface covered by mud. Scale bars: A, B: 0.5 mm, C, D: 0.3 mm, E: 1.8 mm.

FIGURE 18. Fauveliopsis olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983, non-type specimens (MNHN 901c).A. Specimens of different size, including the largest one in dorsal view. B. Small specimen, dorsal view. C. Same, ventral view. D. Medium-sized specimen, ventral view. E. Same, dorsal view, asterisk indicates genital papilla (inset: close-up of genital papilla). F. Largest specimen, anterior region, dorsal view. G: Same, ventral view. Scale bars: A: 0.6 mm, B, C: 0.3 mm, D–F: 0.5 mm, G: 1.1 mm.