Taphura cernuunca, Sanborn, 2017

Sanborn, Allen F., 2017, Generic redescription, seven new species and a key to the Taphura Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadetttinae: Taphurini), Zootaxa 4324 (3), pp. 451-481 : 457-461

Taphura cernuunca n. sp.

( Fig. 2 )

Taphura sp. C Wolda 1977: 244, Table 1.

Taphura n. sp. Wolda 1978: 375 .

Type maerial. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 23–27 July 2001 / J.V. McHugh, S. Suh & / M. Blackwell at UV light ” one male ( FSCA). Paratypes. “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 23–27 July 2001 / J.V. McHugh, S. Suh & / M. Blackwell at UV light” two males ( FSCA), one male and one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA –Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 25-IV-63 / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 9.7, mv + bl, 24 May / 1996, R. Turnbow” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 12.4, mv + bl, 10 May 1996 / R. Turnbow” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. 9 / mv + bl, 10 May 1996 / R. Turnbow” one male and one female ( FSCA), one male ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km. N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / Colon, at standing / lights 20 May 1991 / R. Turnbow” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 11–15 km N El Llano / mv + bl, 24 May 1991 / R. Turnbow” one female ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow” one male and one female ( FSCA), one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Pnma Prov. / Bayano Dist 2.5 k W / Ipiti 11–22 May 1996 / Wappes Huether & Morris” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Pnma Prv / Pipeline Rd K 1–12 / 26–30-VI-1997 / Wappes & Morris” one male ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / Camino del Oleoducto / mv + bl, 26 June 1997 / R. Turnbow” one male ( FSCA), one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal / Zone Cardenas / Village // F.G. Thompson / 10-V-1969 / Blacklight trap” twelve males and four females ( FSCA), twelve males and three females ( AFSC); “Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R.P. / 15 June 1968 ” one male ( FSCA); “Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R.P. / 27 May 1968 ” one female ( FSCA); “H. L. King / Panama / 5-10-70 ” one male ( FSCA); “ Panama: Canal Zone / Gatun / Chagres S–8H Rd. // Horse Trap / 28-V-53 ” one female ( FSCA); “ Panama, Panama Pr. / 10 km N EL Llano / May 1, 1984 / E. Giesbert, Coll.” one female ( FSCA); “ PANAMA, Bayano / 3 km E Ipeti / April 22–28, 1995 / E. Giesbert, coll.” one male and one female ( FSCA); “ Panama, C.Z. / B.C.I., at light / 26 April 1974 / M.L. May” one female ( FSCA); “ PANAMA: CANAL ZONE / NR. Pedro Miguel, CZ / Police Pistol Range / 24-V-1982, D. Habeck / C. Bennett, Black / Light, Mercury vapor” one male ( FSCA), one male ( AFSC); “Gatun Tank Farm / Ex: UV Lamp L.T. /coll.: S. Modestin / 10 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male ( UDCC); “Gatun Tank Farm, C.Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L.T. /coll.: S. Modestin / 10 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one female ( UDCC), one male and one female ( AFSC); “Coco Solo Tank Farm / Ex: UV Lamp L.T. /coll.: E. H. A. / 16 July 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male ( UDCC) , one male ( AFSC); “Redman Ammo Area, C.Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L.T. #1 /coll.: J. Ramirez-J. Gaona / July 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one female ( UDCC); “Redman Ammo Area, C.Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L.T. #4 /coll.: J. Gaona / 30 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male ( UDCC) ; “El Chorro / Rio Trinidad, R.P. / 28 April 1976 / J.T. Whitlaw // Republic of Panama ” one male ( UDCC), one male ( AFSC) ; “Candelaria / Rio-Pequeni, R.P. / 31 March 1976 / J.T. Whitlaw, Jr. // Republic of Panama ” one male ( UDCC), one male ( AFSC); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / Santa Rita Ridge / 9° 22’N, 79° 44’W / 13 June, 76; E.G. Riley” three males and three females ( UMRM), three males and two females ( AFSC); “ Panama: C. Z. / Cardena Village / May 17–18, 1980 / E. Riley & LeDoux” two males and one female ( UMRM), two males ( AFSC); “ Panama: C. Z. / Cardena Village / May 10, 1980 / E. Riley & D. LeDoux” one male ( UMRM); “ Panama: Canal Zone / Fort Kobbe / 24 June ‘76 / Coll. E.G. Riley” one male ( UMRM); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309°N, 80.01029°W / IV-18-2005, D.G. Marqua // TAMU – ENTO / X0820238 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection” one female ( TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309°N, 80.01029°W / IV-18-2005, D.G. Marqua // TAMU – ENTO / X0820264 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection” one female ( TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309°N, 80.01029°W / IV-18-2005, D.G. Marqua // TAMU – ENTO / X0820912 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection” one female ( TAMU) ; “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309°N, 80.01029°W / IV-18-2005, D.G. Marqua // TAMU – ENTO / X0821028 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection” one female ( TAMU); “ Panama: Panama Pr. / Cerro Campana / June, 16, 1996 At / light. Elev. 550 m. / Gillogly & Schaffner” one female ( TAMU), one male ( AFSC); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / On Santa Rita Ridge, 17 / km e. Trans-isthmuan / Hwy., June 16, 1996 / Gillogly & Schaffner” one female ( TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 9° 19’ 19”N, 79° 47’54”W / 30.vi.1999 el. 120 m / At light, A.R. Gillogly” one male ( TAMU); “ PANAMA: C.Z. / Barro Colo. Isl. / 24-IV-1978 / C.D. Jorgensen” four males ( BYUC), three males ( AFSC); “ Panama / Barro Colorado Island / 8-V-1979 / Clive D. Jorgensen” one male ( BYUC); “Barro Colorado Is., Panama / 22 Apr–04 May 1981 / Steven Dean Marron” one male and one female ( BYUC); “ PANAMA: San Blas Pr. / Nusangandi / 28-V-1995 / D.J. Cavan” one male ( BYUC), one male ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: San Blas Pr. / Nusangandi / 27-V-1995 / D.J. Cavan” one male ( BYUC); “ PANAMA / Canal Area, / January–June 1995, / D.J. Cavan” one male ( BYUC); “Coco Solo Hospital / Canal Zone L.T. / 9° 21’N, 79° 51’W / 11 May 72 Engelman” one male ( AFSC from CSUC); “PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 23-IV-63 / CW & ME Rettenmeyer” one male and two females ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal / Zone, Fort / Kobbe VI-19-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider” one male ( LSAM) ; “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-19-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 022105 ” one female ( LSAM), “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-19-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 022104 ” one male ( LSAM) , “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-19-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider” one male and one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-9-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272103” one male ( LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-9-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272100” one male ( LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-9-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272101” one male ( LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-9-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272102” one male ( LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI-9-1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider” one male and one female ( AFSC); “Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V-04-1982 / R B & L S Kimsey” one male ( UCDC), one female ( AFSC); “Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V-03-1981 / R B & L S Kimsey” one male ( UCDC), one male ( AFSC); “Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V-10-1982 / R B & L S Kimsey” one male ( UCDC); “Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / IV-22-1981 / R B & L S Kimsey” one female ( UCDC); “Panama C.Z. / Empire Range / Hill 162 / April 6, 1987 / J.R. MacDonald” one male and one female ( MEMC); “Panama C.Z. / Gatun / Gatun Lake Lookout / April-7–8-1987 / J.R. MacDonald” one male ( AFSC); “Gatun Lake / Canal Zone / near B.C.I. / Apr. 20–24, ’44 / R.H. Arnett” three males and three females ( CUIC), one male and two females ( AFSC); “La Chorrera / PANAMA / V.20 –24.1944 / R.H. Arnett”, one male ( AFSC); “La Chorrera / Pan. / 5-20-1944 // George Ryan collector” one female ( AFSC from PURC); “La Chorrera / Pan. / 4-30-1944 / George Ryan” one male ( AFSC from PURC); “La Chorrera / Pan. / 5-16-1944 / George Ryan” one male ( AFSC from PURC); “Fort Clayton / C.Z. 5-6-1945 / at light” one female ( AFSC from PURC) ; “ PANAMA: Panama / Parq. Nac. Soberaria / Pipeline Rd 2 km W Gamboa / VI-9-10-1993 / B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson” one female ( UNSM), one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / Ft. Sherman, Pavon Hill / VII-2-1994 / B. & I. Ratcliffe, M. Jameson” one male and two females ( UNSM) , one male ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: C.Z. / Skunk Hollow, 6 mi. / NW Gatun Locks / V- 21-1982 / B.C. Ratcliffe & / C. & K. Messenger” eighteen males and six females ( UNSM), one male and one female ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Skunk Hollow, 6 mi. / NW Gatun Locks / V-17-31-1980 / B.C. Ratcliffe” one male ( UNSM); “ PANAMA: Panama / Altos (Isla) de Majé / 9 08’N 78 49’W / V-28-30-1982 / B.C. Ratcliffe & / C. & K. Messenger” three males and one female ( UNSM) , one male ( AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Ft. Gulich / V-17-1976, at lights / B.C. Ratcliffe” one male ( UNSM).

Etymology. The species epithet is a combination of cernuus (L. drooping) and uncus (L. hook) in reference to the hooked genitalia of the male.

Description. Ground color castaneous and tawny marked with piceous, tawny regions may be green in fresh specimens as several paratypes are marked with green in these areas.

Head. Head wider than mesonotum, castaneous with transverse piceous fascia between eyes surrounding lateral ocelli extending anteriorly along lateral portion of median ocellus and epicranial suture extending anterior to median ocellus, extending only to middle of median ocellus in some paratypes, transverse fascia reduced and incomplete in some paratypes. Posterior cranial depression castaneous, posterior epicranial suture castaneous in some paratypes, posterior head castaneous when transverse piceous mark incomplete. Anterior supra-antennal plate ochraceous. Ocelli rosaceous. Eyes golden. Head covered with short, silvery pile, longer and more dense posterior to eye. Ventral head piceous with castaneous fascia along anterior gena and lorum junction, covered with short and long silvery pile. Ventral head almost completely piceous or with expanded castaneous region in some paratypes. Postclypeus with nine transverse grooves, castaneous with piceous on ventral midline splitting on either side of greenish ochraceous ovoid mark apex and angled mark on dorsal surface forming a castaneous triangle on dorsal midline. Anteclypeus piceous. Postclypeus and anteclypeus with short and long silvery pile. Rostrum with ochraceous mentum, labium castaneous becoming darker to piceous tip, reaching to posterior or middle trochanters. Antennal segments castaneous, lighter at the joints between segments.

Thorax. Dorsal thorax castaneous. Pronotum with ochraceous fascia on dorsal midline constricted to narrowest point posterior to medial paramedian fissure, greenish anterior margin, and ochraceous pronotal collar. Piceous marks along lateral portion of midline fascia, posterior angled laterally, continuing through ambient fissure and anterior half of lateral fissure, connecting transversely across midline in ambient fissure, mark incomplete along midline and extending only into posterior ambient fissure in some paratypes, transverse mark across midline split into three parts in some paratypes. Mesonotum castaneous with piceous submedian sigillae, darker lateral sigillae, piceous in some paratypes, and darker triangular mark medially encompassing scutal depressions and region between anterior arms of cruciform elevation with a small anterior extension on midline, and spot on posterior mesonotum expanding onto anterior of lateral portion of cruciform elevation, marks in lateral sigillae reduced to fascia and medial mark and marks on posterior piceous in some paratypes, central disc green in some paratypes. Cruciform elevation dark ochraceous, wing groove ochraceous. Castaneous on posterior half of lateral mesonotum. Metanotum castaneous with tawny lateral margin. Dorsal thorax covered with short silvery pile, longer pile between anterior arms and laterally between arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum and along wing grooves. Ventral thoracic segments piceous medially, tawny laterally. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, fore wing with eight apical cells, hind wing with six apical cells. Venation ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, except piceous anal vein 2 + 3 and piceous mark along anterior basal cell. Cubitus anterior arching and almost touching median vein near basal cell. Infuscation on marginal area extending from terminus of radius anterior 1 around apex of fore wing to apical cell 3, extending as far as apical cell 5 in some paratypes. Basal membrane dark gray, lighter on anterior base. Hind wing venation ochraceous proximally, piceous distally, with piceous spot on proximal junction of anal veins 2 and 3. Proximal vanal fold gray. Infuscation on lateral portion of distal apical cell 2 and wing margin posterior to anal cell 1.

Legs. Legs tawny, some paratypes with green on legs instead of tawny, striped with castaneous, coxae, trochanters and femora with castaneous marks on anterior and medial surfaces, tibiae and tarsi greenish proximally, proportion becoming greater in posterior legs, distal tibiae dark castaneous in fore and middle tibiae. Fore femora with castaneous lateral stripe anterior to four oblique spines, each spine becoming smaller and more angled distally. Tarsi castaneous proximally and distally, green in middle. Pretarsal claws, tibial spurs and comb dark tawny, pretarsal claws with castaneous tips.

Operculum. Opercula green, bright green in some paratypes, with castaneous mark on medial margin extending half way to median terminus and castaneous lateral base. Lateral margin rounded to sinuate posterior margin, rounded medial margin and curving anteromedial margin, posterior margin not reaching to abdominal sternite II and not covering tympanal cavity, extending medially to medial meracanthus. Meracathus green with castaneous base, extending beyond the posterior margin of the operculum. Female operculum ochraceous, lateral margin curved laterally at base, semicircular posterior margin, terminating medially in a transverse rounded extension at lateral meracanthus reaching to middle of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus as in male. Long silvery pile on operculum surface and radiating from margin.

Abdomen. Abdomen castaneous with transverse piceous mark on anterior midline, reduced in some paratypes, dark castaneous transverse mark posterior to piceous mark, dark castaneous auditory capsule, and green along posterior tergite margins covered with short silvery pile. Female paratypes similarly colored. Timbal with five ribs, whitish gray with castaneous spot on anterior margin. Sternites mostly piceous with castaneous posterior margin. Sternites covered with long and short silvery pile. Female sternites similarly colored. Female sternite VII with a wide, single notch, posterior margin approximately semicircular with short transverse midline. Abdominal segment 9 castaneous striped with piceous on dorsolateral surface reaching to stigma and along ventral midline, dark castaneous dorsal to ventral piceous mark. Dorsal beak piceous, very short, not extending to level of the castaneous anal styles.

Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous, green on lateral base and between upper pygofer lobe and dorsal beak, pygofer basal lobes dark castaneous. Pygofer basal lobe angled medially, flattened with rounded apex not extending to midline, basal portions adjoin along midline with radiating golden pile. Sparse silvery pile on pygofer, longer and more dense lateral to pygofer upper lobe and lateral to base of claspers, also on dorsal midline. Anal styles dark castaneous. Claspers dark castaneous, adjoining at base along midline, extending posteriorly with recurved terminus, terminus arches laterally to point when viewed from the posterior. Aedeagus castaneous, darker at terminus, tubular.

Female gonapophyses IX castaneous with piceous tip, gonapophyses X and gonocoxites IX dark castaneous with piceous tip covered with radiating golden pile. Ovipositor sheath extending well beyond dorsal beak.

Measurements (mm). N = 12 males or 12 females, mean (range). Length of body: male 11.24 (10.3–12.1), female 15.11 (13.9–15.8); length of fore wing: male 14.58 (13.2–15.6), female 16.30 (14.7–17.9); width of fore wing: male 5.83 (5.6–6.1), female 6.01 (5.6–6.7); length of head: male 1.71 (1.6–1.8), female 1.91 (1.6–2.2); width of head including eyes: male 3.98 (3.6–4.2), female 4.27 (4.0–4.6); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: male 3.83 (3.4–4.0), female 4.05 (3.8–4.3); width of mesonotum: male 3.40 (3.1–3.6), female 3.70 (3.6– 3.8).

Diagnosis. The male genitalia, particularly the shape of the claspers, quickly separate male specimens of T. cernuunca n. sp. from other species of Taphura as each species has highly unique genitalia. All species except the small T. minusculus are generally similar in size. The lack of infuscation on the apex of the fore wings of T. maculata , T. misella , T. debruni , and T. demissa n. sp. differentiates them from this new species. The spots and Wshaped mark on the head quickly differentiate T. boulardi and T. egeri , respectively, from this new species. The abdominal tergites have a transverse piceous mark on the anterior side in T. attiguclava n. sp., T. charpentierae , T. nitida , and T. crispula n. sp. that is lacking in this new species. The small medial mark in the ambient fissure on the pronotum distinguishes T. dolabella n. sp. and T. hastifera . There is infuscation in the basal area of the hind wing anal cell 3 in T. sauliensis that is lacking in this new species. Finally, the fore wing cubitus anterior arches to touch the median vein near the basal cell and the distribution of the Panamanian T. cernuunca n. sp. is significantly distant from T. lanceola n. sp. and T. maccagnani n. sp. collected in southern Brazilian and the cubitus anterior and median veins are separted in these species.

Remarks. The holotype was selected from specimens collected on Barro Colorado Island as this locality is a protected reserve and is the site of first reference to the species in the literature ( Wolda 1977; 1978). The species appears to be represented over a wide area of Panama by the number of locations found in the type series.

Distribution. All specimens examined for this study and reported in the literature ( Wolda 1977; 1978) have originated in Panama. The species is currently endemic to Panama.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Taphura cernuunca n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C, 0.5 mm; D – G, 1 mm; H – I, 2 mm.