Hydroides bispinosa Bush, 1910

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 23-24

Hydroides bispinosa Bush, 1910

Figs 4A , 5

Hydroides bispinosa Bush, 1910: 496 (type locality: Bermuda, western Atlantic).

Hydroides crucigera (non Mörch 1863) – Rioja 1958: 250 –251 (Verde Island and Santiaguillo Island, Veracruz, eastern Mexico; on coral and mollusk shells). — Day 1973: 132 (Cape Hatteras and Beaufort, North Carolina; intertidal to 18 m).

Hydroides bispinosus – Díaz 1994: 618 ( Barbados; settlement and succession experiments; 10 m; coral plates, on Montastrea annularis , now Orbicella annularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786)) . — Perkins 1998: 95 (checklist of shallow-water polychaetes from Florida). — Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 844, fig. 1b–l (La Habana, Cuba, and eastern Mexico: Champotón, Campeche; Ría Lagartos and San Felipe, Yucatán; Contoy Island, Nichupté Lagoon and Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo; intertidal to 4 m, on seagrass, algae, sponges, rocks, wood dock pilings). — Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002: 125 –127, figs 11A–I, 15 ( Bermuda, Florida, Aruba and eastern Mexico: Campeche and Quintana Roo; 1–15 m, on pagurid carapace, rocks, wooden pier and coral debris).

Hydroides bispinosa – Wells & Gray 1964: 74 (Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; hard substrates). — ten Hove & Wolf 1984: 55-18 –55-21, figs 55-13, 55-14a–m (western Florida; 19–43 m, coarse to silty sand).

Hydroides sanctaecrucis (non Krøyer in Mörch 1863) – Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001: 11, 13–14, figs 2a–f, 3g–l (Cariaco Gulf, Venezuela; on PVC dock pilings; description and figure).

Material examined

Eight specimens: BB (8) Aug. 2004.

Diagnosis

Tube white; with two longitudinal ridges; without peristomes, transverse ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Operculum funnel with 12–19 radii with blunt tips ( Fig. 4A ); verticil with 7–10 spines, curving abruptly inwards, almost geniculate, tip of spines pointed; dorsal spines somewhat longer; all spines with basal internal spinule and two lateral spinules in middle position, without external spinules, wings or central tooth ( Fig. 4A ). Special collar chaetae with two pointed-elongate teeth and distal blade with small teeth.

Taxonomic remarks

Rioja (1958) recorded Hydroides crucigera Mörch, 1863 from Veracruz, eastern Mexico, a species similar to H. bispinosa because of the presence of two lateral spinules in the verticil spines ( Fig. 4A ). However, from their brief description it is possible to deduce by the small number of funnel radii (14) that the specimen corresponds to H. bispinosa rather than to H. crucigera .

Hydroides bispinosa is frequently associated with calcareous substrates and occasionally found on PVC substrates ( Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001). Weisbord (1964: 156) collected an empty tube from northern Venezuela, as H. aff. bispinosa , but identification to species with only the tube, in the genus Hydroides is doubtful.

Ecology

Intertidal to sublittoral (43 m, ten Hove & Wolf 1984). In tropical and subtropical marine areas, on coral, mollusk shells, seagrass, algae, sponges, rocks and artificial substrates

( Rioja 1958; Díaz 1994; Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001; Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002).

Distribution

Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and eastern United States. In this work, Hydroides bispinosa was occasionally found on fouling plates from Biscayne Bay, Florida ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). – H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). – H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). – H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). – H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). – H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). – H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). – H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R).

Fig. 5. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols).