Acanthuridae

Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, Mélanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok & Uyeno, Daisuke, 2014, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records, Zootaxa 3832 (1), pp. 1-247 : 181-186

Acanthuridae

Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1830 —Roundspot surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on a specimen photographed by A. Berberian. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Seychelles and Maldives east to Palau and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia). Found on seaward reef slopes, 10– 50 m. Marine.

Acanthurus fowleri Beaufort, 1951 —Horseshoe surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 13; also photographed by P. Laboute on 13 Dec. 2012. USNM material (USNM 206369).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central Indonesia east to Solomon Islands, north to Philippines, south to New Guinea. Found in clear water of seaward coral reefs, 10– 45 m. Marine.

Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Lined surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 17, CTR 21, CTR 22, CTR 23, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 27. AMS, CAS and WAM material (AMS I.16671-017, I.17068-006, I.17091-007; CAS 65545, 65546, 65547, 65548, 65549, 65550; WAM P.29624-011).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear coral reefs, usually found on reef flats and along upper seaward slopes, 0– 25 m. Marine.

Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923) —Freckled surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 12, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 21, CTR 22, CTR 28, CTR 32, CTR 35. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Maldives east to Line Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia). Found in seaward coral reefs, 1– 30 m. Marine.

Acanthurus mata (Cuvier, 1829) —Yellow-mask surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed by G. R. Allen. AMS material (AMS I.17505-004).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and Lord Howe Island. Found on steep slopes, often in turbid waters, generally in the vicinity of coral reefs or rocky bottoms, often aggregating to feed on zooplankton, 3– 100 m. Marine.

Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) —Whitecheek surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 19, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 25, CTR 27, CTR 28.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Rykyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in exposed seaward reefs, often below the surge zone, 1– 67 m. Marine.

Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929 —Blackstreak surgeonfish ( Fig. 25 )

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 23; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen on Madang Market. NTUM material (NTUM 10183).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs around isolated coral heads; prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons, 0– 30 m. Marine.

Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Brown surgeonfish, dusky surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 13, CTR 20, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 27; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen at Madang Resort. AMS and NTUM material (AMS I.17091-006; NTUM 10280).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe and Norfolk islands and Rapa. Found on hard substrates of shallow lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, 0– 25 m. Marine.

Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801 —Orangeband surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed by G. R. Allen. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Found above sand bottoms near reefs, 3– 46 m. Marine.

Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834 —Mimic surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13B, CTR 14, CTR 19, CTR 22, CTR 23, CTR 24, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 27, CTR 28, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS and NTUM material (CAS 65554; NTUM 10238).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 4– 60 m. Marine.

Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923) —Thompson's surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1975: 229). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 10, CTR 13, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 20, CTR 21, CTR 22, CTR 25, CTR 30, CTR 31, CTR 33. AMS and KFRS material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Seychelles and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa. Found on steep seaward coral and rocky reef slopes and dropoffs, over coral and sand, 4– 119 m. Marine.

Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Convict surgeonfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 5, CTR 15. AMS material (AMS I.17082-029).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe, Kermadec, Rapa and Ducie islands. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs with hard substrate; juveniles abundant in tide pools, 0– 90 m. Marine.

Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 —Yellowfin surgeonfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens collected at St. CTR 0 5. AMS material (AMS I.17505-017).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in various coral reef habitats, sand slopes and lagoons, 0– 100 m. Marine.

Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955 —Twospot bristletooth

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Clements (2001: 9). BPBM material. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 12; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS and NTUM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Solitary, in coral and rubble areas of coral reefs, 3– 53 m. Marine.

Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) —Twospot bristletooth

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Parenti & Allen (1991: 319). Specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 13B, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 19, CTR 22, CTR 23, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 27, CTR 28, CTR 29, CTR 30, CTR 35; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. AMS, CAS, MNHN, NTUM, USNM and WAM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef ( Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward reefs, over coral, rock, pavement, or rubble substrates, 0– 30 m. Marine.

Ctenochaetus tominiensis Randall, 1955 —Orangetip bristletooth

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Clements (2001: 24–25). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 8, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 26, CTR 32, CTR 33; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. BPBM and NTUM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central Indonesia east to Palau and Fiji, north to Philippines, south to Queensland ( Australia). Found in coral-rich areas of lagoons and seaward coral reefs, 5– 40 m. Marine.

Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) —Whitemargin unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16B. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Clipperton Island (eastern Pacific Ocean), north to southern Japan, south to Queensland ( Australia). Schooling above seaward reef slopes, 20– 60 m. Marine.

Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) —Humpback unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on a specimen collected by a local fisherman on the central Barrier Reef on 27 Oct. 2012; specimens photographed at St. CTR 0 9.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa and western Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in deep coral reef, on seaward coral reef slopes, and on rocky shores, 1– 20 m. Marine.

Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) —Palefin unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed by G. R. Allen. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Galapagos Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found benthopelagic along steep seaward reef drop-offs, also along rocky shores, 2– 122 m. Marine.

Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) —Sleek unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 13, CTR 20, CTR 30.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Seychelles and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in clear lagoon reefs and seaward reef slopes, 6– 150 m. Marine.

Naso lituratus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) —Orangespine unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 0 9, CTR 10; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen on Madang Market. NTUM material (NTUM 10184).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in lagoons and seaward reefs, 0– 90 m. Marine.

Naso lopezi Herre, 1927 —Slender unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 13.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Java ( Indonesia) east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found on steep seaward reef dropoffs, 6– 50 m. Marine.

Naso thynnoides (Cuvier, 1829) —Barred unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Seychelles and western Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in steep outer lagoon and seaward coral reef slopes, 2– 40 m. Marine.

Naso unicornis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Bluespine unicornfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed by P. Laboute, St. PR 196; specimens observed by G. R. Allen.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Norfolk islands and Rapa. Found in channels, moats, lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs with strong surge, 1– 180 m. Marine.

Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) —Bignose unicornfish ( Fig. 26 )

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 13, CTR 16, CTR 20, CTR 31, CTR 32, CTR 33. AMS material (AMS I.17088-077).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Madagascar and Réunion east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to southern Great Barrier Reef ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in mid-water aggregations along seaward coral reefs, 1– 50 m. Marine.

Paracanthurus hepatus (Linné, 1766) —Palette tang

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 28, CTR 32. CAS material (CAS 65557).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marshall and Line islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef ( Australia), New Caledonia and Samoa. Found in clear, current-swept terraces of seaward reefs; observed in loose aggregations 1–2 m above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typically in groups near isolated Pocillopora coral heads, 2– 40 m. Marine.

Zebrasoma scopas ( Cuvier [ex Renard], 1829) —Brushtail tang

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1975: 231). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 16B, CTR 19, CTR 21, CTR 23, CTR 27, CTR 28, CTR 30, CTR 31, CTR 35; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. AMS, CAS, KFRS, NTUM, ROM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe, Norfolk and Rapa islands. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0– 40 m. Marine.

Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch, 1797) —Sailfin tang

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 13, CTR 16B, CTR 17, CTR 19, CTR 26, CTR 31; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen on Madang Market. CAS, NTUM and USNM material (CAS 65555; NTUM 10127; USNM 380518, 380520, 380521).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef ( Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone; solitary juveniles found among rocks or coral of shallow protected, sometimes turbid reefs, 0– 30 m. Marine.

Figures

FIGURE 25. Acanthurus nigricauda (Acanthuridae), Madang Lagoon, P. Laboute, 3 Dec. 2012.

FIGURE 26. Naso vlamingii (Acanthuridae), Madang Lagoon, Tab Island, St. PR 105, P. Laboute, 26 Nov. 2012.