Paratetrapedia flaveola, Aguiar & Melo, 2011

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 402-403

PARATETRAPEDIA FLAVEOLA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 18, 23 , 28 , 31 , 47, 75 , 78 , 105, 136 , 191, 192)

Paratetrapedia lineata ; Melo & Zanella (2003): 2919 (misidentification).

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia flaveola is superficially very similar to P. lineata in body size, structure, and colour pattern. However, they belong to different species groups and are quite distinct in the diagnostic characteristics for these groups. Paratetrapedia flaveola differs from the species of the lineata group by the narrowed upper portion of the yellow stripe on the female paraocular area( Fig. 47); genal area mostly reddish brown with narrow yellow stripe along eye margin (about 0.8 ¥ F2 diameter), usually interrupted on mid third in females; metapostnotum completely black, with dense minute punctures on lateral portions and coarser punctures on disc; lamella of pronotal collar with lateral portions obtuse in dorsal view; male S2 with two small rows of setae on mid portion. Paratetrapedia flaveola differs from P. atlantica , P. rufa , P. albilabris , P. andina , and P. albopilosa by the bicoloured integument (dark brown and yellow), and by male T5 with band of dense plumose hairs extending throughout its entire margin. Paratetrapedia flaveola differs from P. camargoi and P. chocoensis mainly by hyaline wing membrane and dark brown disc of terga.

The specimens of P. flaveola collected by Helmut Heider in Vila Tunari (Cochabamba, Bolivia) represent the first records of Paratetrapedia on orchid oil flowers of the genera Ornithophora amazonica (labelled as Stigmatostalix) and Oncidium .

Description

Holotype male: Body length: 8.5; maximum head width: 2.4; fore wing length (including tegula): 6.75. Colour. Integument bicoloured (reddish brown and yellow), mainly yellow. Mandible yellow with apex black; labrum yellow; clypeus mostly yellow with upper lateral portions dark brown; supraclypeal area mostly yellow, with lower margin dark brown; yellow stripe on paraocular area acute on upper portion; frons reddish brown with one thin yellow stripe ( Fig. 47); genal area reddish brown with thin yellow stripe along ocular margin, brown with thin yellow stripe along ocular margin. 0.8 ¥ F2 diameter; scape yellow; pedicel and flagellomeres with anterior surface orange yellow and posterior surface reddish brown. Mesoscutum with two thin yellow stripes on disc and lateral margins; scutellum and metanotum yellow; axilla brown; lateral areas of metanotum dark brown; metapostnotum completely reddish brown; propodeum mostly brown with small yellow marks slightly faint on upper and lower margins; mesepisternum laterally with upper portion yellow and lower portion reddish brown. Tergal disc yellow, with anterior and posterior margins reddish brown; sterna yellow. Wing membrane mostly white infumate with white microtrichia. Fore wing membrane slightly yellow infumate on proximal third, with some yellow microtrichia; posterior margin with some dark brown microtrichia; veins and pterostigma orange yellow. Mid and hind basitarsus dark brown; tibial spurs white. Pubescence. Mostly pale yellow, except marginal bands of T3–T5 and basitarsus of mid and hind legs with pubescence dark brown. Inner face of scape with pale yellow setae, about 0.12–0.26 mm in length. Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense velvet plumose pale yellow pubescence; scutellum with long erect simple setae, about 0.10–0.17 mm in length; metapostnotum with yellow plumose hairs, about 0.17 mm in length. T4 with marginal hair band of brown plumose hairs almost complete, with two small gaps on lateral portions; T5–T6 with marginal band of long plumose hairs occupying whole margin; on T5, with dark brown hairs; on T6, pale yellow; margin of S2 with two short rows of stout setae on middle portion ( Fig. 28 ); posterior margin of S3 of male deeply concave in ‘U’ shape, covered by dense short plumose pubescence; S4 and S5 typical of genus; S6 with two rows of stout plumose hairs on lateral margins, and short plumose hairs on margin of apex. Integument sculpture. Clypeus with dense coarse punctures (1 pd), intermingled amongst sparse fine punctures (1–2 pd); supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd); frons with dense coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd); antennal scrobe with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd). Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd), intermingled amongst coarser and sparser punctures (1–3 pd); metapostnotum with dense fine punctures on lateral portions (0.5 pd), and coarser punctures on disc (0.5–1 pd); mesepisternum laterally with dense coarse punctures (<1 pd). Structure. Lamella of pronotal collar weakly obtuse on lateral portions, with acute carina distinctly on mid portion. Disc of scutellum weakly convex, almost flat. Head about 1.3¥ broader than long (2.6: 2.0); ratio of lower interocular distance to upper interocular distance: 0.71 (1.0: 1.4); clypeus about 1.7¥ broader than long (1.03: 0.58); scape, length 0.6; maximum width 0.2; length of F1–F3: 0.17, 0.14, 0.21; diameter of F2: 0.2.

Paratype female: Body length: 7.7; maximum head width: 2.4; fore wing length (including tegula): 6.2. Colour. Similar to male, except for yellow stripe on mid line of frons broader (about 0.5–2.0 ¥ F2 diameter). Pubescence. Similar to male, except for marginal band on T5–T6 with reddish brown simple hairs; S2–S4 with rows of setae on margin, sinuated in ‘V’ on mid portion ( Fig. 31 ). Integument sculpture. Similar to male, except for denser punctures on clypeus and supraclypeal area; clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd); frons mostly with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd), with few coarser punctures adjacent to mid line. Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense fine punctures (0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparser coarser punctures; mesepisternum laterally with dense coarse punctures (0.5–1 pd). Structure. Similar to male, except for pronotal collar with lamella more obtuse laterally. Disc of scutellum weakly convex, almost flat. Head about 1.3¥ broader than long (1.85: 2.4); ratio of lower interocular distance to upper interocular distance: 0.85 (1.25: 1.46); clypeus about 1.9¥ broader than long (1.21: 0.62); scape: length 0.7, maximum width 0.19; length of F1–F3: 0.22, 0.12, 0.17; diameter of F2: 0.21.

Variation: The females have the yellow stripe on genal area complete or interrupted on mid third, but it is always very narrow (c. 0.8 ¥ F2 diameter). The yellow stripe on paraocular area in a few specimens has an obtuse apical portion. The pubescence of mid and hind leg can vary between pale yellow to completely dark brown.

Etymology: The species name refers to the yellow pattern of colour of the integument.

Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins; Ecuador; Guyana; Peru; Suriname ( Fig. 75 ).

Type material: Holotype male, ‘DZUP\ 022427’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo, Cajuru,\ Fazenda Rio Grande,\ 21°12 ′ S 47°09 ′ W,\ 25.iii.2000, G.A.R. Melo,\ Stachytarpheta ’. Paratypes: BOLIVIA: 1 female (ZSMC), ‘Bolivien, Chapare\ Villa Tunari, 320 m \ 20.November 2002 \ leg. H.Heider’ ‘ Stigmatostalix \ amazonica ’ ‘ Monoeca ’; 1 female (ZSMC), ‘GG-1950 Bolivien 11/00\ Cochabamba /Vila Tunari\ 320 m \ leg. H. Heider\ Köder: Oncidium ’ ‘Monoeca’; 1 female (ZSMC), ‘GG-1953 Bolivien?/00\ Cochabamba /Vila Tunari\ 320 m \ leg. H. Heider\ Köder: Stigmatostalix amazonica ’ ‘ Monoeca ’; 1 female (ZSMC), ‘Bolivien,\ Chapare, Vila Tunari,\ 320 m, 14.3.2001 \ leg. H. Heider’ ‘ Paratetra -\ pedia ?’; 3 females (INHS), ‘Bolivia La Paz Prov. Mapiri\ Arroyo Tuhiri, 10.IV.2004 \ 15°17 ′ 26 ′ S 68°15 ′ 46 ′ W\ 508 m Leg M. Hauser’, 1 female (INHS), idem except ‘ Paratetrapedia \ spp.\ det. Claus Rasmussen2003’; BRAZIL: Acre: 1 female (RPSP),’Brazil Acre \ Rio Branco\ Res. Humaitá\ 29/X/1994 \ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘no\ 0111’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Brazil Acre \ Rio Branco\ 30/X/1994 \ M.L.Oliveira’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021867’ ‘ Cruzeiro do Sul \ Acre-Brazil II-63\ M. Alvarenga’, 2 males (DZUP), idem except ‘021869’, ‘021879’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 21865’ ‘R. Branco Acre \ BR 15-20-XI-61\ F.M. Oliveira’, 4 males and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘021866’, ‘021903’, ‘022404’, ‘21901’, ‘021907’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022707’ ‘Rio Branco-AC\ Brazil 8-XI- 61\ F.M. Oliveira leg’; 1 female (INPA), ‘ BRAZIL. Acre \ Rio Branco\ 09°58 ′ S, 67°48 ′ W \ 28/abril/ 2001 ’Em lanterneira\ ( Lophanthera \ lactescens)\ Oliveira et al. leg.’; Amapá: 2 females (IEPA), ‘Brazil- Amapá \ I.E.P.A.’ ‘Brazil-Amapá\ Laranjal do Jarí\ Ponte 1\ 00:32:54S/ 52:11:30W\ 14/IX/2001 \ G.A.R. Melo’, 1 female (IEPA), idem except ‘L. do Jari\ Rio Cajari\ (ramal do escondido)\ 00:33:27S/ 52: 14:36W\ 20/IX/2001 \ G.A.R. Melo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021844’ ‘Serra do Navio-AP\ Brazil 7-II-62\ F. M. Oliveira’; Amazonas: 1 female, ‘DZUP/ 022716’ ‘TEFE Amazonas\ Brazil XII-61\ F.M. Oliveira’, 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022706’, ‘022702’, ‘022703’, ‘022711’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022710’ ‘TEFE Amazonas\ Brazil 1-4-XII-61\ F.M. Oliveira’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022735’ ‘TEFE Amazonas\ BR-I-1962\ E. Carvalho’; Bahia: 1 female (RPSP), ‘951604’, Santo Antônio\ Cocos-BA, Brazil\ 44°40 ′ W, 14°8 ′ S ′, ‘24, 27-VII-1995 \ Mazucato leg.’; Distrito Federal: 1 male (DZUP), ‘D. Federal\ F.C. Grosso\ 16.10.77’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineolata?’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazilia\ Lago Sul \ 27.8.1977 \ coll. A. Raw\ MUDB’ ‘ Peixotoa \ Malpighiaceae’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineolata ’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 041089’ ‘Brazil B. Mata\ Loc. J. Botânico\ Data 05-11-96\ Col. J. Valdecy’ ‘1439’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘041091’ ‘19-02-97’ ‘1945’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 041090’, ‘Brazil\ Loc. J. Botânico\ Data 19.02.97\ Col. Ana Alves’ ‘1944’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 041092’ ‘Brazil Ipê\ amarelo\ Loc. B. Mata\ Data 19/9/95\ Col. Dimaren’ ‘193’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 041093’ ‘Brazil Cerrado\ Loc. J. Botânico\ Data 28-05-96\ Col. Ma Araujo’ ‘852’; Goiás: 2 females (RPSP), ‘Aragarças\ GO. Brazil\ 10.24. I.1971 \ col. Camargo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022722’ ‘S. Rita Araguaia\ GO Brazil XII-63\ M. Alvarenga, leg’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás, Cor\ Paciência\ A. Raw col\ 7.7.1984 ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás \ Gold Creek\ A. Raw col\ 8.7.1984 ’; 3 females (DBAI), ‘ Goiás Velho.\ Corr. Paciência\ 20.11.1981 \ in flight’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata ’; 1 male (DBAI), ‘ Goiás Velho.\ Corr. Paciência\ 20.11.1981 ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineolata ’; 1 female (DBAI), ‘ Goiás Velho.\ Corr. Paciência\ 20.11.1981 ’ ‘ Desmodium ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata ’; 2 males and 2 females (DZUP), ‘ Goiás Velho\ C. Paciência\ 31-07- 82’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘ Goiás Velho\ C. Paciência\ 31.0783’; 1 female (DBAI), ‘ BRAZIL \ Goiás Velho\ A.Raw 5.4.1980 \ 7 km woow’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineolata ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Ch. Veadeiros\ 05- 07.12.1996 \ Boaventura,\ Freitas & Freitas’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ cf. lineolata ’; 6 males and 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás, Cor\ Paciência\ A. Raw col\ 15.10.1984 ’ ‘ Psychotria ’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘ BRAZIL \ Goiás Velho\ A.Raw 3.2.1980 ’ ‘pink Rubiac?’ ‘sp23’; 3 males (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás, Cor\ Paciência\ A. Raw col\ 14.10.1984 ’, 3 males (DZUP), idem except ‘ 15.10.1984 ’, 4 males (DZUP), idem except ‘ 13.10.1984 ’; 5 males (DBAI), ‘ Goiás Velho.\ Corr. Paciência\ 18.11.1981 ’ ‘ Stachytarpheta \ jamaicensis \ Verbenaceae’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata ’; 2 males (DZUP), ‘ BRAZIL \ Goiás Velho\ A.Raw 7.12.1980 \ Corr. da Paciência’ ‘ Stachytarpheta \ jamaicensis \ Verbenaceae’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Itiquira\ Byrsonima laxiflora \ A.Raw 26.5.1996 ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás, Cor\ Paciência\ A. Raw col\ 16.5.87’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil: GO\ Goiás, Cor\ Paciência\ A. Raw col\ 7.7.1984 ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brazil\ Est. Goias \ P. Bernardo\ A. Raw 2.10.77’ ‘ Byrsonima ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata ’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘ Goiás \ C. Paciência\ 31-7-82’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘Brazil-Goiás\ S. José do Tocantins,\ Rio Maranhão,\ 22.VI.1942, F. Lane’ ‘105251’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021883’ ‘Brazil, Goiás, 11 km SE de\ Campos Belos, 13°07 ′ 32 ′ S\ 46°44 ′ 29 ′ W, 650 m, 04.iv.2003,\ Melo, Aguiar, Marchi e\ Gonçalves, em cerradão sobre\ massapé, em Hyptis ’, 3 males and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘021821’, ‘021825’, ‘021899’, ‘021898’, ‘021884’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021824’ ‘Brazil, Goiás,\ 2 km W de Teresina de Goiás,\ Fazenda Santa Tereza,\ 13°47 ′ 43 ′ S47°17 ′ 39 ′ W, 800 m,\ 03.iv.2003, Melo, Aguiar,\ Marchi e Gonçalves’, 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘021823’, ‘021860’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021893’ ‘Dianópolis-GO\ Brazil – 12-III-62\ F M Oliveira leg’; Maranhão: 1 female (MPEG), ‘MA Açailândia\ 29-IX-1978 ’ ‘Brazil MA\ MF Torres’; Mato Grosso: 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021886’ ‘Jaçanã-P.N. Xingu\ MT Brazil XI-1961 \ Alvarenga, Werner’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘021845’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Serra das Araras-MT\ Brazil 19,27- IX-1987 ’ ‘SD21,57°14 ′ W, 15°27 ′ S \ Gimenes leg. 871134’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘ Mato Grosso \ P.N. Araguaia\ Mata\ 21-6- 79’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘ Mato Grosso \ Valle dos Sonhos\ 24.4.1978 \ coll. A.Raw’ ‘sp23’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘ Mato Grosso \ P.N. Araguaia\ I. Centopéia\ 15-6-79’ ‘Coll. at. Cassia Caesalpinaceae’ ‘sp.23’; 1 female (MPEG), ‘Brazil MT\ Barra do Bugres\ R. E. Serra das Araras \ 19.2.1986 ’ ‘Brazil Mato Grosso \ Marcio Zanuto’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 22453’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 27.III.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 13 males and 19 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022490’, ‘022467’, ‘022473’, ‘022475’ to ‘022479’, ‘022483’ to ‘022487’, ‘022489’, ‘022452’, ‘021819’, ‘021813’ to ‘021815’, ‘022472’, ‘021804’ to ‘021810’, ‘022447’, ‘021799’ to ‘021802’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022461’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 11.XII.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONO- ROESTE’; 2 males, ‘022465’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 12.II.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 1 male (DZUP), idem except ‘022457’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022460’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 16.I.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 2 males and 3 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022482’, ‘022491’, ‘022474’, ‘022480’, ‘022481’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022430’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 21.XI.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 2 males (DZUP), idem except ‘022431’, ‘022436’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022469’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 22.III.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022450’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 24.XII.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022468’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 26.III.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 1 male and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022458’, ‘022432’ and ‘022411’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022397’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 27.XII.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONO- ROESTE’, 4 males (DZUP), idem except ‘022440’, ‘022434’, ‘022448’, ‘022446’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022449’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 28.I.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONO- ROESTE’, 1 male and 2 females (DZUP), idem except‘022429’, ‘022463’ and ‘022449’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022439’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 5.XII.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 3 males and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘041109’ ‘1984’, ‘022442’, ‘022437’ and ‘022462’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022435’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 9.I.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 4 males and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022438’, ‘022443’ to ‘022445’, ‘022454’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022441’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 9-11.XI.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONO- ROESTE’, 1 male (DZUP), idem exceopt ‘022433’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 22470’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 7.II.1985 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’, 2 males and 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022464’, ‘022456’, ‘022410’, ‘022459’, ‘022451’, ‘022455’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021862’ ‘Chap. Guimarães-MT\ (C.A. Buriti)\ 08.II.1986 \ Pe. Moure & Gorayeb’, 9 males and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘021863’, ‘021864’, ‘021885’, ‘021890’, ‘021895’, ‘021896’, ‘021900’, ‘021902’, ‘022396’, ‘022419’, ‘022422’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021831’ ‘Cuiabá MT\ Brazil XI-1962 \ M. Alvarenga’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022406’ ‘Utiariti (325 m)\ Rio Papagaio, MT\ Brazil VII-VIII.961\ K. Lenko col.’; Mato Grosso do Sul: 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 041106’ ‘Brazil, Três Lagoas,\ MS, 18-20.iv.2003 \ AJCAguiar leg’; Minas Gerais: 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021892’ ‘Cabeceira do Corr.\ Leitão, Curvelo, MG\ 15-VI- 1972, 700 m\ Mielke & Brown leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022402’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil V 1961 \ C. Elias leg.’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘021842’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021826’ ‘Ibiraci-MG\ Brazil-X-61\ C. Elias leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021888’ ‘Brazil Minas Gerais,\ Corinto, 1-15.viii.\ 1979, C. Elias leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021847’ ‘Nova Resende MG\ Brazil – VII-1961 \ Claudionor Elias’; Pará: 1 female (SEMC), ‘Brazil Pará\ Conceição do Ara-\ guaia July 1959 \ (M. Alvarenga)’; 1 female (MPEG), ‘Belem Mocambo\ 05.I.1978 ’ ‘Brazil Para\ MF Torres’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Gorotire. PA\:Gradaus Brazil\ 20.VIII.-5.IX-1983 \ 830847’ ‘SB-22,51-Sa\ Camargo leg.’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Capanema, PA\ Brazil-15-II-84\ SA-23,47 II-1c\ 840133’ ‘Camargo\ Mazucato’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Capanema, PA\ Brazil-15-II-84\ SA-23,47 II-1c\ 840132’ ‘Camargo\ Mazucato’; 1 female (MPEG), ‘Brazil Pará Belém\ Floresta APEG\ 19a22.XI.1982 \ Col. I.S.Gorayeb e Equipe’ ‘Armadilha\ suspensa\ 1.6 m’; 1 female (MPEG), ‘Belém Brasília\ km 90 FS Antonio\ 30-VII-1972 ’ ‘Brazil, PA\ M. Helena Col.’; 1 female (MPEG), ‘Mun. Benevides\ PA- 408 km 06\ 5-V-1982 ’ ‘Brazil Pará\ WL Overal’; 1 female (MPEG) ‘Brazil Pará\ Paragominas\ Faz. Cachoeira\ do Rio Vermelho\ 15a18.I.1991 ’; 1 female (INPA), ‘ 14 xi-1986 \ J.A. Rafael\ Arm. Malaise’ ‘ BRAZIL Para\ Benevides\ F.Morelandia’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021841’ ‘Fordlandia,\ Est. Pará\ R. Damasceno\ -col.\ I.1956 ’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021843’ ‘Belem\ Pará BRAZIL \ X-1954 O.Rego’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021827’ ‘Aurá\ Pará Brazil\ 16.VI.1956 \ E. Lobato’; Rondônia: 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021838’ ‘Brazil, Rondônia,\ Cacaulândia, 9-19.xi.1994 \ O.H.H. Mielke’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil\ Rondônia \ Costa Marques’ ‘3509-21/ 11/96\ S12°17.653 ′ \ W64°01.804 ′ \ Brown, Boina, Vieira’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021830’ ‘Fte. P. da Beira\ RO-Brazil 7-XI-61\ F.M. Oliveira’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil, Rondônia \ Guajara Mirim\ Sa. Pacaas Novos’ ‘ 22/agosto/1995 \ F.M. Dantas, col’ ‘PN0403’, 2 females (RPSP), idem except ‘PN0440’, ‘Data 24/IV/1995 \ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘PN0038’; 4 females (RPSP), ‘Brazil – RO\ Guajará Mirim.\ Pacaás Novos.’ ‘Data 23/VII/ 1995 \ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘PN0316’, 3 females (RPSP), idem except ‘PN0350’, ‘PN0315’, ‘PN0317’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil – Rondônia \ Guajara Mirim\ Sa. Pacaás Novos’ ‘08/setembro/1995\ F.M. Dantas, col.’ ‘PN0543’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Brazil, Rondônia \ Guajará Mirim\ Sa. Pacaás Novos’ ‘20/janeiro/1996\ M.L. Oliveira col’ ‘PN0844’; 3 males and 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil, Rondônia \ Próx. Guajará Mirim\ 10°48 ′ S, 65°22 ′ W’ ‘ 12-14/X/2001 \ Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.’; 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil, Rondônia \ Guajara Mirim\ 10°48 ′ S, 65°22 ′ W’ ‘ 12-14/X/2001 \ Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil\ Rondônia \ Mirante da Serra’ ‘2969-07/11/96\ S11°01.516 ′ \ W62°48.750 ′ \ Brown, Boina, Vieira’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘RO-13342\ Brazil. Rondônia \ Mirante da Serra\ Linha 81’ ‘ 19-Agosto-1997 \ 11°00 ′ 04.6 ′ S-62°49 ′ 05.3 ′ W\ Brown, Boina, Vieira\ no.’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘RO-13340\ Brazil. Rondônia \ Mirante da Serra\ Linha 81’ ‘ 19-Agosto-1997 \ 11°00 ′ 04.6 ′ S-62°49 ′ 05.3 ′ W\ Brown, Boina, Vieira\ no.’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil\ Rondônia \ Nova Mamoré’ ‘367-12/09/96\ S10°19.440 ′ \ W64°46.775 ′ \ Brown, Boina, Vieira’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil\ Rondônia \ Nova Mamoré’ ‘440-12/09/96\ S10°19.440 ′ \ W64°46.775 ′ \ Brown, Boina, Vieira’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil\ Rondônia \ Nova Mamoré’ ‘366-12/09/96\ S10°19.440 ′ \ W64°46.775 ′ \ Brown, Boina, Vieira’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021856’ ‘Vilhena, RO\ 12/XI/1986 \ C.Elias, leg\ Polonoroeste’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘021851’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021857’ ‘Vilhena, RO\ 29/X/1986 \ C.Elias, leg\ Polonoroeste’, 1 males and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022407’, ‘021850’, ‘021858’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021849’ ‘Vilhena, RO\ 22/X/1986 \ C.Elias, leg\ Polonoroeste’; 2 males (DZUP), idem except ‘021877’ ‘ 6/12/1986 ’, ‘021880’ ‘ 2/12/1986 ’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021872’ ‘Vilhena, RO\ 4/XI/1986 \ C.Elias, leg\ Polonoroeste’, 3 females (DZUP), idem except ‘021853’, ‘021854’, ‘021873’; Roraima: 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil, Roraima \ Parafuri, 031759N\ 640030W, 20.iv.1994 ’ ‘U.C. Barbosa, extrato de\ cravo da Índia’; 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil\ Roraima \ 23-à 28-II-2003 ’ ‘M.L.Oliveira\ S.J.R. Silva leg.\ Fazenda Trinta\ Br-210’; 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil\ Roraima \ 23-á 28-II-2003 ’ ‘M.L. Oliveira &\ S.J.R. Silva leg.\ A.I. São\ Marcos\ Guaribas\ A vulso’; 1 female (INPA), ‘Brazil\ Roraima \ 23-à 28-II-2003 ’ ‘ML Oliveira &\ S.J.R. Silva leg.\ Fazenda Trinta\ Br-210’; São Paulo: 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022427’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo, Cajuru,\ Fazenda Rio Grande,\ 21°12 ′ S 47°09 ′ W,\ 25.iii.2000, G.A.R. Melo,\ Stachytarpheta ’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Faz. Sta Carlota\ Cajuru-SP-Brazil\ 28-XII-1986 \ Camargo leg\ 863364’; 2 males (RPSP), idem except ‘863359’ ‘0863362’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021822’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo, Cajuru,\ Fazenda Rio Grande,\ 21°12 ′ S- 47°07 ′ W, 13.iv.2001,\ G.A.R.Melo & M.C. Gaglianone’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022426’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo \ Cajuru, Faz. Rio\ Grande, 21°12 ′ S \ 47°09 ′ W, 18.iii.2000 \ Gabriel A. R. Melo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 021828’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo, Cajuru,\ Faz. Rio Grande, 21°12 ′ S- \ 47°09 ′ W, 02-18.xii.\ 1999, Melo & Nascimento,\ Malaise Preta’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022401’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo,\ Cajuru, Cachoeira,\ do Mangue, 21°11 ′ S,\ 47°10 ′ W, 2.xii.1999,\ Gabriel A.R. Melo’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022514’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo,\ Luís Antonio, Est.\ Ecol. de Jataí, 22.iv.\ 1999, G.A.R. Melo’, 2 males and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022513’, ‘022398’, ‘021859’, ‘021829’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘920151’ ‘Pedregulho-SP.\ Brazil-26-II-92\ Camilo, Serrano’; 1 male, DZUP\ 022428’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo,\ Ribeirão Preto,\ Campus da USP,\ 12.III.2000, Melo’, 1 male and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022408’ ‘em Lamiaceae’, ‘021820’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022409’ ‘Brazil, São Paulo,\ Ribeirão Preto,\ Campus da USP,\ 20.XI.1998, Melo\ nascido em 16.xi de larva coletada em ninho em 02.xi’; Tocantins: 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023418’ ‘Buriti do Tocantins \ TO, Brazil\ 15-XII- 1999 \ C.A.L. de Carvalho leg.’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata \ F.F. de Oliveira\ Det. 2000’, 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023419’, ‘023420’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 021603’ ‘Porto Nacional\ TO-Brazil\ F. Ciliar-Área B\ Rede Entomológica\ 18.xi.1999 -16:50 hs\ Japiassú, M. col.’, 1 male (DZUP), idem except ‘ 30.i.1999 -16:42 hs\ Japiassú, M. col.’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ lineata \ ( Spinola, 1851)’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘ Área A\ Rede Entomológica\ 12.i.1999 -16:32 hs’; ECUADOR: 3 males and 1 female (AMNH), ‘ ECUADOR, Coca\ on Rio Napo, Napo \ Pastaza Prov. \ V. 1965 ’ ‘L.E. Pena\ Collector’; 1 male and 2 females (AMNH), ‘ ECUADOR, Cumbaratza, Santiago-\ Zamora Prov., S. E.\ Loja, Loja Prov. \ III-31-1965 ’; 1 female (AMNH), ‘Limon 900 m \ E Ecuador\ II-1948 \ Z Muller’; 1 male (SEMC), ‘ ECUADOR: Sucumbios \ Sacha Lodge, 0.5°S \ 76.5°W, 270 m, 4-14-III-\ 1994, Hibbs, ex: malaise’; GUYANA: 1 female (AMNH), ‘ BRITISH GUIANA:\ Kartabo, Bartica\ Dist. 1920’ ‘Trop. Research Station\ New York Zool. Society\ no. 20275’ ‘Kartabo\ Bartica, District\ British Guiana\ 22-x-1920 ’ ‘Gift of New York\ Zoo. Soc. Department.\ Tropical Research\ William Beebe. Dir.’ ‘ Chalepogenus \ xanthaspis F\ Cockerell\ Det. H. F. Schwarz’; 1 male (AMNH), ‘Kartabo\ Bartica District\ British Guiana\ 11-VI-1926 ’ ‘Gift of New York\ Zoo. Soc. Department.\ Tropical Research\ William Beebe. Dir.’; 1 female (AMNH), ‘CAMARIA\ British Guiana\ 31.vii.1924 ’ ‘Collected by\ Jay F. W. Pearson’ ‘ Chalepogenus \ xanthaspis F\ Cockerell\ Det. H.F. Schwarz’; FRENCH GUIANA: 1 female (MNHP), ‘MARS’ ‘Guyane\ Nouveau Chantier\ Bas-Maroni’ ‘Museum Paris\ Coll. J. Vachal 1911’ ‘ Tetrap. F\ lacteipennis \ Vach’ ‘holotype’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ lacteipennis Vachal’; PERU: 1 male (INHS), ‘INHS\ Insect Collection\ 53.050’ ‘Peru, JU\ 8 km N Satipo\ MEI win 2.iii.79’ ‘INTSOY’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ Det. C. Rasmussen, 2003’; 1 female (MNHP), ‘Pérou\ Paquitea’ ‘Museum Paris\ Coll. J. Vachal 1911’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ lacteipennis \ Vach.’; 1 male and 1 female (CLAUS), ‘ PERU, SM, San\ Antonio de Cumbaza\ 0625/ 7624 400 masl \ 12.v.2002 C.Rasmussen\ Ex. wet riverbank’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.1\ Det. Claus Rasmussen, 2002’; 1 female (AMNH), ‘Tingo Maria\ Huan. Peru\ October 11.1946\ Alt. 2200 ft. ’ ‘J.C. Pallister\ Coll. Donor\ Frank Johson’ ‘AMNH’, 1 male (AMNH), idem except ‘ December 28 1946 ’; 1 male (SEMC), ‘ PERU: Junin Department\ Santa Ana, 7 km E\ La Merced-Satipo Road, Km 29\ 840 m, 10°56 ′ 6 ′ S, 75°10 ′ 54 ′ W\ 21 OCT 1999; R Brooks\ PERU 1B99094, ex: Bidens’ ‘SM0144813\ KUNHM- ENT’, 3 males (SEMC), idem except ‘SM0146673’, ‘SM0144771’, ‘SM0146672’; 1 female (SEMC), ‘ PERU: Huanuco Department.\ Rio Pumahuasi, 930 m \ 9°11 ′ 33 ′ S, 75°57 ′ 24 ′ W\ 11 OCT 1999, R. Brooks\ D. Bizoska PERU 1B99004’ ‘SM0147506\ KUNHM- ENT’; SURINAME: 1 female (SEMC), ‘ SURINAME: Para \ Carolina Creek, 11 km SE\ Zanderij Airport, 30 m \ 5°23 ′ 36 ′ N, 55°9 ′ 29 ′ W\ 20 JUN 1999; Z.H. Falin\ SUR1F99,ex: sweeping\ roadside vegetation’ ‘SMO142227\ KUNHM-ENT’.

Figures

Figure 75. Geographical distribution of Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov., Paratetrapedia camargoi sp. nov., and Paratetrapedia chocoensis sp. nov.

Figures 18–23. Figs 18–21. Lateral portion of pronotal collar, dorsal view; 18: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; female; 19: Paratetrapedia lineata, female; 20: Paratetrapedia duckei, male; 21: Paratetrapedia testacea, male; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Figs 22–23. Lateral portion of metapostnotum, female; 22: P. lineata; 23: P. flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Figures 24–29. Metasoma, ventral view, male; 24: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 25: Paratetrapedia testacea; 26: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.; 27: Paratetrapedia lineata; 28: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; 29: Paratetrapedia duckei; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 77–84. Sternum 6 (S6), male; 77: Paratetrapedia hyalinata sp. nov. (Brazil, Pará); 78: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 79: Paratetrapedia scaposa sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul); 80: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); 81: Paratetrapedia vogeli sp. nov. (Peru, Cuzco, Quincemil); 82: Paratetrapedia rufa sp. nov. (Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de La Sierra); 83: Paratetrapedia bicolor (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra); 84: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); scale bars = 0.1 mm (Fig. 77); 0.05 mm (remaining figures).

Figures 129–137. Sternum 8 (S8), male; 129: Paratetrapedia flavescens sp. nov. (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Xilitla); 130: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 131: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 132: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 133: Paratetrapedia flavifrons sp. nov. (Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena); 134: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 135: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 136: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 137: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm.