Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:670D8B76-9F1F-48C5-9484-E2EFD8B09C24 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8246909 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/680E87F4-625C-FFF4-49AB-BC9BFAF2FB24 |
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Plazi (2023-08-13 15:48:04, last updated 2024-11-26 07:16:22) |
scientific name |
Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 |
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Synopsis of the genus † Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013
† Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013: 407 . Type-species: † Zigrasimecia tonsora , by original designation. † Zigrasimecia incertae sedis in Formicidae View in CoL : Barden & Grimaldi, 2013;
† Zigrasimecia in †Sphecomyrminae: † Sphecomyrmini : Perrichot, 2014;
† Zigrasimecia in †Sphecomyrminae: † Zigrasimeciini : Borysenko, 2017;
† Zigrasimecia in † Zigrasimeciinae : Boudinot et al., 2020
Species list
† Zigrasimecia boudinoti Chaul, sp. nov. Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia caohuijiae Chaul, sp. nov. Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia chuyangsui Chaul, sp. nov. Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia ferox Perrichot, 2014 . Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia goldingot Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng & Liu, 2022 . Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian). † Zigrasimecia hoelldobleri Cao, Boudinot & Gao, 2020 . Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian). † Zigrasimecia perrichoti Chaul, sp. nov. Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia thate Chaul, sp. nov. Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia tonsora Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 . Myanmar (Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
† Zigrasimecia emended diagnosis (females).
Note: all traits are observed in workers and queens, except when noted.
Masticatory margin of mandible formed by a developed apical tooth and a low, long, rectangular lamella which spans most the masticatory margin posterad the apical tooth; the lamella often ends apically in a marked angle or even an indented point; the apical margin of the lamella and the basal margin of the apical tooth form a small V-shaped groove (Note 1; Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Inner surface of mandible densely covered with thin, spiny chaetae (Note 2). Body of mandible strongly torqued approximately in between its first and second thirds and mandibular insertion shifted ventrolaterally (Note 3; Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 and 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Apical portion of body of mandible spatulate (Note 3; Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 , F; Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 , A). Labrum large, having stout, spiny chaetae basally and medially, distal margin medially with a pair of low lobes (Note 4 and 5; Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 , D and F; Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 , A). Palp formula variable, either 5, 3 or 6, 4 (Note 6). Cross-section of cephalic capsule bean-shaped or omega-shaped (Note 7). Pleurostomal fossa lateroventrally migrated (Note 3, Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 , B). Clypeus transverse, mildly arched. Clypeal lobes strongly developed and anteriorly projected over mandibular insertions (Note 8). Clypeal chaetae blunt, relatively long, and densely arranged across anterior clypeal margin (Note 9). In full-face view, anterior clypeal margin strongly concave. Frons strongly protruded dorsally (Note 10). Frontal carina originating somewhere at the posterior (upper) or medial (inner) torular edge and reaching the perimeter of the compound eyes anteromedially; sometimes poorly marked (Note 11). Ocelli absent in workers. Antenna of worker and alate gyne 12-merous. Scape at least twice the length of pedicel. Mesosoma compact, most sclerites fused; dorsal sutures and lines absent; dorsal margin of mesosoma in profile without abrupt breaks, varying from mildly to strongly convex; mesosomal spiracles (metanotal and propodeal) without hood-shaped protrusions over their openings; metanotal spiracle facing laterally; propodeal spiracle slit-shaped and large; mesonotal and metanotal spiracles very approximated (workers only, Note 12, Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 , but see Zigrasimecia ufv-10, Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ). Calcar with or without a bifid tip (Note 13). Tibial spur formula 2s, 2 (1p, 1s) (Note 14). Tibiae either anteroposteriorly flattened or being approximately cylindrical. Pretarsal claws inner margins toothed. Petiole sessile or subsessile, in most species roughly pyramidal; anterior surface oblique, the longest; dorsal surface sometimes brief (only a curved or sharpened transition to the posterior surface), sometimes properly forming a flattened or round surface; posterior surface descending, shorter than the anterior; subpetiolar process conspicuous, anteriorly inclined (Note 15). Helcium (= articulatory sclerites of abdominal segment III) axial, situated at segment III midheight. Poststernite III having a keel-shaped or acute V-shaped anterior process (the "prora"). Abdominal segment IV lacking or having a soft constriction between its pre- and postsclerites, the cinctus (Note 16). Gyne: most head and metasomal characters similar to workers. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum demarcated by sulcus; mesosoma musculated for flight; forewing with seven closed cells: the costal, two submarginal, one marginal, the basal, subbasal, and first discal.
Note 1. This character varies slightly among the species in terms of how tall the lamella is and how sharply defined its apical angle is.
Note 2. Somewhat similar mandibular chaetae on the oral surface are found in Camelomecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2016 (apparently thinner than those of Zigrasimecia ), and Brownimecia Grimaldi et al., 1997 (relatively smaller than in Zigrasimecia ); among extant ants, in Tatuidris Brown & Kempf, 1968 (very similar to Zigrasimecia ) and in some leptanillines, such as Protanilla izanagi Terayama, 2013 (strikingly similar).
Note 3. The ventral mandibular articulation, and the corresponding pleurostomal fossa, in Zigrasimecia is strongly ventrally shifted when compared to Gerontoformica and, in fact, most other ants ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 , see also Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 of Richter et al., 2022). Because of that shift, the expected plane of movement for the closing mandibles if they were not torqued would be from an anterolateral to posteromedial, similar to what is understood for the Haidomyrmecinae ( Barden & Grimaldi, 2012; Barden et al., 2017), instead of a regular lateral to medial plane. The torsion of the body of the mandible, however, prevents its flat apical portion to rise posterad during the shutting movement and makes the apical torqued portion to stay parallel and beneath the labrum when both are in full adduction. This generates an increase in the contact zone between the mandible inner surface and the dorsum of labrum, both surfaces covered on spiny chaetae ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 , D). The flat, expanded, apical portion of the mandible further increases this contact surface between mandibles and labrum. This mechanism presumably allowed Zigrasimecia to have a strong grip, which could be an adaptation for hunting arthropods, maybe prey much larger than the ants itself, as do the amblyoponines, which prey on centipedes much larger than the individual ants; or, alternatively, for hunting prey which has powerful escaping devices (e.g. the furca of springtails).
Note 4. A hypertrophied labrum is unusual in Formicidae . In Sphecomyrminae it occurs in Myanmyrma maraudera ( Barden & Grimaldi, 2016) . In extant ants, robust and considerably developed labra are observed in the Dorylinae . Highly modified, but not necessarily hypertrophied, labra are seen in the closely related ants of the genus Strumigenys , the phalacromyrmecine genera, and the basicerotine genera, with a few species, Eurhopalothrix spectabilis Kempf, 1962 and Rhopalothrix jtl015 (USNMENT00688794) having very large labra, the latter, indeed, resembling considerably that of Zigrasimecia in terms of shape.
Note 5. Although labral chaetae occur among other Cretaceous ants (e.g., Myanmyrma Engel & Grimaldi, 2005 , some Gerontoformica Nel & Perrault, 2004 , Dhagnathos Perrichot et al., 2020 and Chonidris Perrichot et al., 2020 ), the exact conformation seen in Zigrasimecia , with the chaetae forming a dense patch formed by various rows on the basal-medial portion of the labrum disc (not restricted to one or two transversal basal row) and being stout and pointy is unique to the Zigrasimeciinae . In extant genera, labral chaetae are usually disposed as a basal, transverse row and are seen in the following genera: Protanilla Taylor, 1990 , Anomalomyrma Taylor, 1990 , Opamyrma Yamane et al., 2008 , Apomyrma Brown et al., 1971 , Amblyopone Erichson, 1842 and Onychomyrmex Emery, 1895 .
Note 6. The palpal formula of Z. ferox is 5, 3 ( Perrichot, 2014). The only species which could have its palpal formula established in this paper, Z. chuyangsui sp. nov., showed an undoubtful 6, 4 count ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 , B), indicating variation in the palpal formula within the genus. The queen Zigrasimecia YKLP-AMB-002 also has the palpal formula 6, 4 (although presented as 4, 3 in Zhuang et al., 2022b, see below).
Note 7. This feature is widespread in the genus, although more conspicuous in Z. chuyangsui sp. nov., Zigrasimecia ufv-08, when compared to species like Z. thate sp. nov. or Z. perrichoti sp. nov..
Note 8. Smaller clypeal lobes, which are only slightly projected over mandible insertions, are seen in some species of Gerontoformica (e.g. Gerontoformica ufv-01, ANTWEB1032418), Myanmyrma , and Boltonimecia .
Note 9. Among fossils, clypeal chaetae are seen in Gerontoformica and Myanmyrma , Aquilomyrmex , Dhagnathos and Chonidris . Among extant ants such setae are present in Opamyrma , Apomyrma and in most amblyoponine genera. However, the Zigrasimecia type of relatively elongate with subparallel sides and round/truncate apex chaetae is very rare or unseen in other stem ants or extant lineages, with a similar shape only seen in Apomyrma , Opamyrma and Stigmatomma pluto (Gotwald & Lévieux, 1972) .
Note 10. This feature is best seen in profile view, where anterior half of the head dorsum outline is strongly oblique from the anterior clypeal margin to the frons level ( Figs. 6 View FIGURE 6 , E; Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 , B). Despite having a prominent frons, there is no sign of an elevated platform on the frons and vertex as that of Boltonimecia and which was suggested as a character shared between both genera ( Borysenko, 2017, see section 3. 4 below).
Note 11. In most Gerontoformica the frontal carina is crescent-shaped and around the torulus. In Myanmyrma maraudera , the frontal carina resembles that of Zigrasimecia , however, it is more developed and reaches the anterior portion of the torulus. In Zigrasimecia the carina may be poorly marked (e.g. Z. chuyangsui sp. nov.), only represented by a wave of the cuticle which forms a somewhat shallow scrobe.
Note 12. The mesosomal conformation of Zigrasimecia sets it apart from other stem ants. Dorsally it has no signs of sutures, so that notal and propodeal limits can be only guessed (usually by the position of the spiracles on the lateral surfaces). It is particularly difficult to determine whether Zigrasimecia has a developed metanotum as other stem lineages or if it shrunk in between the mesonotum and the dorsum of the propodeum, resembling modern ants, where this sclerite is reduced. Mesosoma as compressed and fused as that of Zigrasimecia is found in some lineages of the Myrmicinae, Agroecomyrmecinae , some Dorylinae , and in the Proceratiinae, being particularly similar to Tatuidris and Discothyrea Roger, 1863 .
Note 13. The calcar in many Cretaceous ants is considerably different from extant ants (personal observation). In many species of various genera it has a bifid tip, it does not have a well-developed comb across its length, the inner margin is most of the time concave, sometimes lamellate along the main axis (sometimes there are projections, but they are not as tidily organized, not forming a comb-like structure as in extant ants). In Zigrasimecia , the tip is rarely bifid.
Note 14. All Formicidae , including Mesozoic ones, have only 1 protibial spur, the calcar. The calcar can be associated with 1 or 2 posterior, subapical, spur-like setae ( Lattke & Melo 2020; Perrichot et al. 2020; Cao et al. 2020a) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 , G), which explains previous reports of Zigrasimecia having more than one protibial spur. Therefore, the formula accounts only for the meso- and metatibiae.
Note 15. The petiole of Zigrasimecia is quite unique among the stem lineages. Considering all Zigrasimecia specimens examined, the pedunculate state, considered as a trait shared by Zigrasimecia and Boltonimecia ( Borysenko, 2017) , is not likely correct (see section 3. 4 below). In Zigrasimecia , in profile view, the anterior petiole margin is straight and inclined posterodorsally across its length, never forming a proper anterior peduncle clearly distinct from the node. Among the species in the genus with longer petioles, this is maintained, although the impression of a pedunculate petiole is greater. Moreover, not rarely the petiole is slightly disarticulated from the mesosoma, reinforcing this impression. This petiole shape is seen in some modern species (e.g. Eurhopalothrix bruchi (Santschi, 1922) and related spp., see images of CASENT0173970 at Antweb).
Note 16. The cinctus between pre- and postsclerites of fourth abdominal segment, when present, is always mild in Zigrasimecia (see discussion under Z. ferox ). Among other Cretaceous ants, the constriction goes from entirely absent to the formation of a conspicuous postpetiole ( Barden & Grimaldi, 2014; Miao & Wang, 2019).
Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2012) Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant Haidomyrmex Dlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with two new species. American Museum Novitates, 3755, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3755.2
Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2013) A new genus of highly specialized ants in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3681 (4), 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.4.5
Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2014) A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS ONE, 9 (4), e 93627. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0093627
Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology, 26, 515 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2015.12.060
Barden, P., Herhold H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2017) A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure. Systematic Entomology, 42, 837 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12253
Borysenko, L. H. (2017) Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi, 570, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 051367
Boudinot, B. E., Perrichot, V. & Chaul, J. C. M. (2020) † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys, 1005, 21 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1005.57629
Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W. (1968 [apparent year 1967]) Tatuidris, a remarkable new genus of Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Psyche, Cambridge, 74, 183 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1967 / 868759
Cao, H., Boudinot, B. E., Wang, Z., Miao, X., Shih, C., Ren, D. & Gao, T. (2020 a). Two new iron maiden ants from Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimeciini). Myrmecological News, 30, 161 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 030: 161
Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2005) Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates, 3485, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2005) 485 [0001: PNAICA] 2.0. CO; 2
Grimaldi, D., Agosti, D. & Carpenter, J. M. (1997) New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates, 3208, 1 - 43.
Kempf, W. W. (1962) Miscellaneous studies on neotropical ants. II. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 5, 1 - 38.
Lattke, J. E. & Melo, G. A. R. (2020) New haidomyrmecine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 114, 104502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2020.104502
Miao, Z. & Wang, M. (2019) A new species of hell ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of the Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 37 (2), 139 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.16088 / j. issn. 1001 - 6600.2019.02.017
Nel, A., Perrault, G., Perrichot, V. & Neraudeau, D. (2004) The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente-Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta, 2, 23 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000001630
Perrichot, V. (2014) A new species of the Cretaceous ant Zigrasimecia based on the worker caste reveals placement of the genus in the Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 19, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 019: 165
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Richter, A., Boudinot, B., Yamamoto, S., Katzke, J. & Beutel, R. G. (2022) The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, † Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6 (5), 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixac 013
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Zhuang, Y., Ran, H., Li, X., Feng, C. & Liu, Y. (2022 a) A new species of the iron maiden ant based on an alate female from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimecia). Cretaceous Research, 130 (105056), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.105056
Zhuang, Y., Xu, W., Zhang, G., Mai, H., Li, X., He, H., Ran, H. & Liu, Y. (2022 b) Unparalleled details of soft tissues in a Cretaceous ant. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 22 (146), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 022 - 02099 - 2
FIGURE 2. Masticatory margin of mandible in Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia. A, Gerontoformica sp. (ANTWEB1032629); B, Z. ferox (ANTWEB1008126); C, Z. chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660); D, Z. tonsora (ANTWEB11008098). Black triangles indicate incision between apical and basal teeth (or basal lamella). Image of Z. tonsora by Philip Barden and image of Z. ferox by Vincent Perrichot, courtesy of Antweb.org.
FIGURE 3. Comparison between Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailedexplanation).AandC, schematic drawing of full-faceview of Gerontoformica andZigrasimecia, respectively.B and D, lateral view of anteriorhead of Gerontoformica (ANTWEB1032649)and Zigrasimecia(ANTWEB1032623),respectively. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; fcr, frontal carina; plstf, pleurostomal fossa; tl, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature.
FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the head of Gerontoformica (A) and Zigrasimecia (B). Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; lb, labrum; oc, occipital carina; pgs, postgenal suture; plstf, pleurostomal fossa.
FIGURE 5. Types of mesosoma in fossil and extant ants. A, Gerontoformica; B, Protozigrasimecia; C, Zigrasimecia; D, Brownimecia; E, Brachyponera and F, Discothyrea.Among extant ants, Discothyrea presents a degree of mesosomal compaction similar to that of Zigrasimecia. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Msn, mesonotum; Mspl, mesopleuron; Mssct, mesoscutum; Mssctl, mesoscutellum; Mtn, metanotum; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; Prpl, propleuron, sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Umtpl, upper metapleuron.
FIGURE 6. Holotype of Zigrasimecia boudinoti (ANTWEB1032623). A, full-face view of the head; B, profile view of left side of body; C, right portion of anterior head, evincing clypeal lobe, and clypeal, mandibular and labral chaetae; D, profile of the right side of mesosoma with metanotal and propodeal spiracles indicated (mtsp and propsp) and propodeal spiracle magnified on the bottom right corner (under epifluorescence light); E, profile of right side of the head; F, dorsal view of the body. Scale bars are 0.2 mm in A, B, and F and 0.1 mm in C and E. Abbreviations: Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; MesL, mesosoma length.
FIGURE 7. Holotype of Zigrasimecia caohuijiae (ANTWEB1041055). A, full-face view of the head (view of anterior portion blocked by an insect antenna and bubbles); B, profile view of right side of body; C, ventrolateral view of anterior portion of head; D and F, anterior view of head, with a full view of dorsal surface of mandibles, F is under epifluorescence; E, dorsal view of the body; G and H, Detail of mesosoma under different types of epifluorescence. Scale bars are 0.2 mm inA, B and E and 0.1 mm in C and D. Black triangles point to the labral medial lobes (laterally to the median lobes in D a pair of protuberances which are likely the hypostomal teeth).Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; vsm, ventral surface of mandible.
FIGURE 8. Holotype of Zigrasimecia caohuijiae (ANTWEB1041055). A, dorsal view of mesosoma and petiole; B, detail of the right side of the petiole in profile, white triangle indicates the edge of the sclerite (posterior petiole tube or collar); C, zooming of pronotum in dorsal view under epifluorescent light, black triangles in A and C indicate minute decumbent setae on mesosoma (setae also clear in image D); D, zooming of propodeum and petiole under epifluorescent light; E, posterolateral view of propodeum, black triangle indicates hypertrophied propodeal spiracle; F, detail of probasitarsus, showing concentration of long, fine setae, white triangle indicates calcar with simple tip (not bifid), and black triangle indicates mesopretarsal claws with toothed inner margins; G, inner face of protibia and probasitarsus, showing two spur-like setae next to calcar; H, detail of abdominal segment VII and sting, black triangles show gonostyli. Scale bars are 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10. Holotype of Zigrasimecia chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660). A, zooming of anterodorsal view of head, showing mouthparts, black triangles from top to bottom point to clypeal, labral, and mandible chaetae; B, 6-segmented right maxillary palp; C, left protarsus, black triangle points to tip (bifid) of protibial calcar; D and E, dorsal and lateral zooming of petiole obscured by bubbles, black triangles in D indicate posterior margin of petiole node and in E indicates tip of subpetiolar process. Abbreviations: b1 and b2, bubbles; nd, petiole node; pmx1–pmx6, maxillary palpomeres 1–6; ppd, propodeum; t3, tergum of abdominal segment 3 (first gaster tergite).
FIGURE 13. Holotype of Zigrasimecia thate (ANTWEB1038912). A, full-face view of the head, black triangles indicate mandible dorsal setae; B, profile view of left side of body; C, anterior view of the head; D, dorsal view of the body; E, zoom of flagelliform setae on frons and vertex (same view as C); F, detail of mesosomal profile. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; sp, spiracles (metanotal and propodeal); Umspl, upper mesopleuron. Scale bars are 0.2 mm in B and D, and 0.1 mm in A.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013
Abstract, Júlio Cezar Mário Chaul 2023 |
Zigrasimecia
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia boudinoti
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia caohuijiae
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia chuyangsui
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia perrichoti
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia thate
Abstract 2023 |
Zigrasimecia goldingot
Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng & Liu 2022 |
Zigrasimecia hoelldobleri
Cao, Boudinot & Gao 2020 |
Zigrasimeciini
Borysenko 2017 |
Zigrasimeciinae
Borysenko 2017 |
Zigrasimecia ferox
Perrichot 2014 |
Zigrasimecia tonsora
Barden & Grimaldi 2013 |