Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch, 1892

C. B. Cameron, C. Deland & T. H. Bullock, 2010, A revision of the genus Saccoglossus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Harrimaniidae) with taxonomic descriptions of five new species from the Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 2483, pp. 1-22 : 2

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.893894
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6201821
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68014E2E-FD3D-FFA0-B8DD-FAE7FD6CFF65
treatment provided by	Plazi (2017-09-18 06:36:59, last updated 2024-11-27 12:18:53)
scientific name	Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch, 1892
status

Treatment

Genus Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch, 1892 View in CoL

Dolichoglossus: Spengel, 1893 View in CoL

Type species. Saccoglossus kowalevskii ( Agassiz, 1873)

Diagnosis. Proboscis usually long; middorsal longitudinal groove may be present. Collar usually very short compared to proboscis. Dorsal interbranchial genital ridges and dorsal gonads absent but lateral extrabranchial genital ridges may be present. Intestinal pores often present. Perihaemal cavities always present. Peribuccal cavities usually present, but not always. Genus most importantly characterized by arrangement of longitudinal muscle fibers of proboscis in several concentric rings ( Fig. 2 A View FIGURE 2 ). Many species favor quiet muddy-sandy flats not too far from the mouth of a bay, living in ‘permanent’ tubes and throwing up low conical mounds of quasi-spiral castings from the anus.

Remarks. The genus as revised above would now include the following species: S. apatensis Thomas, 1956 ; S. aulakoeis Thomas, 1968 ; S. bromophenolosus King, Giray & Kornfield, 1994 ; S. horsti Brambell & Goodhart, 1941 ; S. hwangtauensis (Si & Kwang-Chung, 1935) , S. inhacensis (Kapelin, 1936) , S. kowalevskii ( Agassiz, 1873) , S. madrasensis Rao, 1957 , S. mereschkowskii ( Wagner, 1885) , S. otagoensis ( Benham, 1895) , S. pusillus ( Ritter, 1902, 1929), S. ruber Tattersall, 1905 , and S. sulcatus ( Spengel, 1893) . S. cambrensis (Brambell, Rogers and Goodhart, 1939) , S. serpentinus (Assheton, 1908) and S. ruber ( Tattersall, 1905) are synonymous species from the United Kingdom ( Burdon-Jones, 1960) and so S. ruber takes precedence. S. ruber characteristics found in this article, including Table 1, are taken from the more comprehensive taxonomic treatment of Brambell, Rogers and Goodhart (1939). Five new species collected from the Eastern Pacific are described below.

References

Agassiz, A. (1873) The History of Balanoglossus and tornaria. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Series, 9, 421 - 436.

Benham, W. B. (1895) Balanoglossus otagoensis, n. sp. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 497 - 504, pl. 45.

Brambell, F. W. R. & Goodhart, C. B. (1941) Saccoglossus horsti sp. n., an enteropneust occurring in the Solent. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 25, 283 - 301.

Burdon-Jones, C. & Patil, A. M. (1960) A revision of the genus Saccoglossus (Enteropneusta) in British waters. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 134, 635 - 645.

King, G. M., Giray, C. & Kornfield, I. (1994) A new hemichordate, Saccoglossus bromophenolosus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Harrimaniidae), from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 383 - 390.

Rao, K. P. (1957) Two species of Enteropneusta from off the coast of Madras. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, 42, 301.

Ritter, W. E. (1902) The movements of the Enteropneusta and the mechanism by which they are accomplished. Biological Bulletin, 3, 255 - 261.

Ritter, W. E. (1929) A Monograph of the Enteropneusta of Pacific North America. Dolichoglossus pusillus n. sp. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 87, 154 - 195.

Brambell, F. W. R., Rogers, W. & Cole, A. J. (1939) Saccoglossus cambrensis sp. n., an enteropneust ocuring in Whales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, B, 109, 211 - 236.

Schimkewitsch, W. M. (1892) Uber die Beziehungen zwischen den Enteropneusta und Acrania: St. Petersburg.

Spengel, J. W. (1893) Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Berlin, Friedlander. Herausgegeben von der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel. monograph 18, 757 p.

Tattersall, W. M. (1905) Enteropneusta from west coast of Ireland. Annual Report of Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1902, 213 - 214.

Thomas, I. M. (1956) Saccoglossus apantesis, a new species of enteropneust from South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 79, 167 - 176.

Thomas, I. M. (1968) Two species of Saccoglossus (Enteropneusta) from South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 92, 73 - 84.

Wagner, N. (1885) Die Wirbellosen des Weissen Meeres. Zoologische Forschungen an der Kuste des Solowetzkischen Meerbusens in den Sommermonaten der Jahre 1877, 1878, 1879 und 1882, Leipzig, Engelmann, 167.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Saccoglossus porochordus n. sp.: A, Proboscis with heartkidney complex. B, Heart-kidney complex. C, Proboscis neck. D, Anterior region of the collar. Inset: Dorsal collar nerve cord and crest. E, Posterior region of the collar. F, Collar canal. G, Dorsal groove of the collar. H, Anterior pharyngeal region of the trunk. a, axons; bs, branchial sac; bv, blood vessel; cb, cell bodies; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; dg, dorsal groove; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; mc, mucous cells; nc, nerve cord; ncc, nerve cord crest; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, periheamal diverticulum; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pp, proboscis pore; pv, proboscis vesicle; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; sp, skeletal plate; ss, skeletal spine; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vm, ventral mesentery. Scale bars A, D and F = 750 µm; B and C = 300 µm; D inset and E inset = 200 µm.