Dryocosmus crinitus Schweger & Tang, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 95-100

Dryocosmus crinitus Schweger & Tang sp. n. Figures 33-39 , 40-47

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 21.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang. Sixtynine female PARATYPES: 6 female paratypes with the same label as holotype; 6 female paratypes: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 13.II.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 19 female paratypes: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 16.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 4 female paratypes TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 20.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 5 female paratypes TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 30.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 3 female paratypes TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 7.IV.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female paratypes TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on Quercus sessilifolia (spTWl10), 24.967203°N, 121.619744°E, 678 m, gall collected 21.XI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 9.IV.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex fluffy leaf galls on Quercus morii (spTWl10), 24.080803°N, 121.170517°E, 2217 m, gall collected 2.VI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 21.VI.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex fluffy leaf galls on Quercus morii (spTWl10), 24.080803°N, 121.170517°E, 2217 m, gall collected 2.VI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 26.VI.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex fluffy leaf galls on Quercus morii (spTWl10), 24.080803°N, 121.170517°E, 2217 m, gall collected 2.VI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 2.VII.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex fluffy leaf galls on Quercus morii (spTWl10), 24.080803°N, 121.170517°E, 2217 m, gall collected 2.VI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 29.VI.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex fluffy leaf galls on Quercus morii (spTWl10), 24.080803°N, 121.170517°E, 2217 m, gall collected 2.VI.2011 (TWT530), adult emerged 18.VI.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang.

The female holotype, 20 female paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 20 female paratypes in PHMB, 10 female paratypes in USNM, and 19 female paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

Named after the dense pilosity covering the gall surface. The Latin " crinitus " means “fluffy”.

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus crinitus , Dryocosmus nanlingensis and Dryocosmus liyingi belong to the group of species in which the disc of the mesoscutellum lacks irregular rugae (Fig. 116 ), the scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 6.0-10.0 and the anterior pits of foveal septum are absent (Fig. 116 ).

The central propodeal area has numerous distinct medial and lateral rugae in Dryocosmus nanlingensis and with 1-2 indistinct, delicate, longitudinal, lateral wrinkles in Dryocosmus crinitus (Fig. 42 ). Dryocosmus liyingi : the transverse pronotal sulcus is foveolate; the pronotum posterolaterally has numerous long rugae which are 2-3 times as long as the diameter of the anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 113 ); the head is dark brown except yellowish brown malar region; the eye height / malar distance = 2.32; the transfacial distance / eye height = 1.44; the diameter of torulus / intertorular distance = 0.8 (Fig. 105 ); the POL/OOL = 1.06; the OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus = 2.1; the OOL / LOL = 2.05 (Fig. 106 ); the antenna is with 13 flagellomeres (Fig. 111 ).

Dryocosmus crinitus : the transverse pronotal sulcus is not foveolate; the pronotum posterolaterally has few short rugae as long as the diameter of the anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 40 ); the cranium is reddish brown anteriorly, dark brown dorsally and posteriorly, the eye height / malar distance = 4.54; the transfacial distance / eye height = 0.9; the diameter of torulus / intertorular distance = 1.8; the POL / OOL = 1.6; the OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus = 1.36; OOL / LOL = 1.36; the antenna is with 12 flagellomeres (Fig. 37 ).

Description.

Asexual female: Head color: reddish brown, except for dark brown to black postgena, occiput, vertex; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel, F1 and F2 yellow, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: black or dark brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum, propleuron and mesopleuron, legs yellowish.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 4.54. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.60. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.36. OOL / LOL: 1.36. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 0.90. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.80. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.08. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: smooth. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: NOT COD ED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: coriaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.60. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 0.8. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.4. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.9. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F12.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.1. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous medially, smooth laterally, with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: absent. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.5. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: 6-10. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: smooth. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 0.5. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with 1-2 delicate longitudinal lateral rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 5.3. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/2. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.20. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 1.80-2.10 mm (n=10).

Gall (Figs 46-47 ): The multilocular gall comprises 3-20 gall chambers in one cluster (n = 20). Each larval chamber is ovate at the base. The gall is attached to the leaf midrib by a short stalk. A tuft of dense, dark brown hairs covers the larval cells. The gall is 10.7-15.5 mm long, and 8.1-13.3 mm wide (n=6).

Biology.

The gall matures in late autumn, when the larval chambers drop off from the galls and the larvae overwinter in the leaf litter; adults emerge in the next spring suggesting that the asexual generation is described here. The sexual generation remains unknown. This species induces galls on Quercus morii and Quercus sessilifolia .

Distribution.

Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County; Jianshih Township, Hinschu County; Shishding Township, New Taipei City; Datung Township, Ilan County.

Figures

Figures 33 - 39. Dryocosmus crinitus, female, sp. n. 33 - 36 head: 33 frontal view 34 dorsal view 35 posterior view 36 lateral view 37 antenna 38 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 39 mesosoma, dorsal view.

Figures 40 - 47. Dryocosmus crinitus, female, sp. n. 40 mesosoma, lateral view 41 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 42 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view 43 fore wing 44 metasoma, lateral view 45 ventral spine of hypopygium, ventral view 46 - 47 galls (photos by C. - T. Tang) (tps = transverse pronotal sulcus, cpa = central propodeal area).

Figures 113 - 117. Dryocosmus liyingi, female, sp. n. 113 mesosoma, lateral view 114 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 115 mesoscutum, dorsal view 116 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 117 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view (tps = transverse pronotal sulcus, dms = disc of mesoscutellum).

Figures 105 - 112. Dryocosmus liyingi sp. n. 105 - 108 head, female: 105 frontal view 106 dorsal view 107 posterior view 108 lateral view 109 - 110 head, male: 109 frontal view 110 dorsal view 111 - 112 antenna: 111 female 112 male.