Triaeris stenaspis Simon

Platnick, Norman I., Dupérré, Nadine, Ubick, Darrell & Fannes, Wouter, 2012, Got Males?: The Enigmatic Goblin Spider Genus Triaeris (Araneae, Oonopidae), American Museum Novitates 2012 (3756), pp. 1-36 : 22-30

Triaeris stenaspis Simon

Figures 1–40

Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891: 561 (female syntype from Saint Vincent, in MNHN, examined; other female syntypes in Natural History Museum, London, examined by A. Chickering). – Jackson, 1909: 419, pl. 10, figs. 12, 12a, b. – O. P.- Cambridge, 1909: 100, pl. A, figs. 1–3. – Bristowe, 1948: 890, figs. 10–14. – Chickering, 1968: 358, figs. 14–18. – Miller and Žitňanská, 1976: 82, pl. II, f. 1–6. – Dumitresco and Georgesco, 1983: 99, pl. 19, 20. – Heimer and Nentwig, 1991: 52, fig. 111. – Korenko et al., 2007: 6, figs. 4–8. – Burger, 2009: 343, figs. 6–10, 23A, B.

Triaeris patellaris Bryant, 1940: 268 , fig. 4 (female holotype from Soledad, Cienfuegos, Cuba, in MCZ; examined). – Chickering, 1951: 243, fig. 31. First synonymized by Chickering, 1968.

Triaeris berlandi Lawrence, 1952: 5 , figs. 3a–f (female holotype from Thysville [= Mbanza-Ngungu], DR Congo, in MRAC; examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Triaeris lepus Suman, 1965: 235 , figs. 27–31 (female holotype from Puu Papaa Peak, Kaneohe, Oahu , Hawaii, in Bishop Museum ; not examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Triaeris lacandona Brignoli, 1974: 208 , figs. 4A–F (female holotype from Cueva de Yaxchilán, Petén, Guatemala, depository unknown; not examined). – Brignoli, 1975: 34, figs. 1H, J. NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: Females can easily be recognized by their complex genitalia, which occupy most of the postepigastric scutum; externally there is a median longitudinal slit (figs. 31, 32), internally there is a large, triangular posterior receptaculum with a distally squiggled duct (figs. 33, 38–40).

MALE: Unknown.

FEMALE (PBI_OON 10511, figs. 1–40): Total length 1.47. Carapace pale orange, sides finely reticulate. ALE largest, separated by their radius to diameter; posterior eye row procurved from front. Sternum, mouthparts pale orange. Dorsal scutum pale orange, covering more than 3/4 of abdomen, more than half to most of abdomen width. Postepigastric scutum pale orange, with posteriorly directed lateral apodemes represented only by wide flanges. Legs pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spination: patella I v1p-1r-1p; tibiae: I v2-4-0; II v1p-1p-0; IV v0-0- 1p. Ovoid atrium present between medially invaginated edges of epigastric and postepigastric scuta, that atrium with transverse sclerotization anterior of narrower, longitudinal sclerotization; posterior receptaculum squiggled.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: NORTH AMERICA: United States: Florida: Dade Co.: Chekika State Recreation Area , 50 km SW Miami, July 28, 1985, hammock forest litter (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1033), 4♀ ; Deering Estate Park, SW 167 Street and SW 72 Ave. , South Miami , July 26–Dec. 11, 1986, old hammock, malaise flight intercept trap (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1042), 1♀ , Dec. 9, 1986, forest litter (Klimaszewski, S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1031), 1♀ ; Everglades National Park , Aug. 27, 1965, swamp with gumbo-limbo (W. Suter, FMNH 34794 , PBI_OON 10511), 22♀ ; Key Biscayne , Aug. 15, 1974 (V. Brach, MCZ 70477, PBI_OON 27401), 3♀ ; Matheson Hammock, S Miami , Aug. 27, 1986, Berlese, oak hammock forest litter (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1037), 1♀ ; Palma Vista Hammock, Everglades National Park , Mar. 29, 1967, Berlese, dry litter at log (W. Suter, FMNH 71720 , PBI_OON 43488), 2♀ ; July 1981, malaise trough (S. Peck, CNC PBI_OON 38174), 17♀ ; Royal Palm Hammock, Everglades National Park , July 28, 1985, hammock forest litter (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1030), 13♀ ; 1.5 km NW Royal Palm , Nov. 15, 1985 – Feb. 24, 1986, malaise flight intercept trap, trough, hardwood hammock forest (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37299), 3♀ . Highlands Co.: Archbold Biological Station , Dec. 19, 1962 (W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 1035), 12♀ , June 28, 1978, pine litter, elev. 20 m (J., F. Murphy, AMNH PBI_OON 36798), 3♀ , July 3, 1978, litter, elev. 20 m (J., F. Murphy, AMNH PBI_ OON 36800), 10♀ , July 4, 1978, litter, hilltop, elev. 40 m (J., F. Murphy, AMNH PBI_OON 36799), 1♀ , Oct. 30, 1982, base of dead laurel oak (M. Deyrup, AMNH PBI_OON 27513), 2♀ . Lee Co.: Fort Myers , Jan. 26, 1934 (W. Barrows, AMNH PBI_OON 37305), 1♀ , winter 1934 (W. Barrows, AMNH PBI_OON 37310), 1♀ . Monroe Co.: Stock Island , Dec. 17, 1986, botanical garden leaf litter (Klimaszewski, S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1029), 1♀ . Mexico: Campeche: El Tormento, 6 km W Escárcega , July 23, 1983, Berlese, fungi and litter, evergreen tropical forest, elev. 110 m (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1010), 1♀ ; Grutas de San Antonio , 10 km ENE Bolonchen, Nov. 23–24, 1974 (J. Reddell, D. McKenzie, S. Wiley, AMNH PBI_OON 49420), 1♀ ; Grutas Xtachumbilxunán, Bolonchenticul , Dec. 24, 1994 (P. Sprouse, TMM 31334, PBI_OON 49429), 1♀ . Chiapas: Finca Santa Marta, near Huehuetán , July 31–Aug. 1, 1950 (C., M. Goodnight, AMNH PBI_OON 127, 130), 2♀ ; Palenque , Mar. 2–24, 1975, Berlese (C. Alteri, AMNH PBI_OON 37309), 1♀ ; Tecoja , July 2, 1950 (C., M. Goodnight, L. Stannard, AMNH PBI_OON 146), 2♀ . Colima: Las Humedades, Armería , Jan. 19, 1943 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 164), 1♀ . Guerrero: Río Blanco, Colotlipa , Jan. 18, 1941 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 166), 1♀ ; Cerro Ayotzinapa , Jan. 12, 1941, litter ( AMNH PBI_OON 162), 1♀ ; Grutas de Cacahuamilpa , Apr. 16, 1981 (P. Strinati, MHNG PBI_OON 15599), 1♀ ; La Azul, 18°35′N, 99°33′W, May 3, 1963 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 159, 163), 3♀ ; Petaquillas , Dec. 29, 1943 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 152), 3♀ ; km 100, road to Taxco , Aug. 10, 1946 (C. Goodnight, Bolivar, F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 185), 1♀ . Oaxaca: Cueva del Lencho Virgen , 10 km SW Acatlán, June 2–3, 1974 (J. Reddell, R. Jameson, D. McKenzie, W. Elliott, AMNH PBI_OON 1011), 1♀ . San Luis Potosí: Covadonga, WSW Valles , 21°57′N, 99°05′W, Aug. 16, 1964 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 183), 1♀ ; Cueva de Los Sabinos , 8 mi N Valles, Jan. 27, 1969 (J. Reddell, R. Smith, T. Mollhagen, T. Albert, AMNH PBI_OON 37313), 1♀ ; 3 mi W El Naranjo , 22°31′N, 99°21′W, June 25, 1973, external refuse deposit from ant nest, tropical subevergreen forest, elev. 1100 ft (A. Newton, FMNH 43139 , PBI_OON 10682), 1♀ ; Route 70, 44 mi W Valles, Feb. 19, 1970, under stone by roadside (J. Cooke, AMNH PBI_OON 1013), 1♀ ; Sótano de Pichijumo , 7 mi NE Valles, Jan. 26, 1969 (J. Reddell, T. Mollhagen, T. Alvert, R. Smith, AMNH PBI_OON 37308), 1♀ ; Tamazunchale , 21°15′N, 98°47′W, July 8, 1944 (L. Davis, AMNH PBI_OON 157), 2♀ , Apr. 19, 1963 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 145), 1♀ , Aug. 17, 1964 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 129, 161, 29468), 7♀ ; 1 mi SW Tamazunchale , 21°15′N, 98°49′W, July 25, 1966 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 155), 15♀ ; 8 mi NNW Tamazunchale , 21°20′N, 98°50′W, Apr. 19, 1963 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 184), 1♀ ; 7.2 km NE Xilitla, 21.42821°N, 98.94101°W, Aug. 19, 2009, sifted leaf litter, disturbed tropical moist forest, elev. 180 m (M. Branstetter, MCZ 95378, PBI_OON 49418), 1♀ . Tabasco: Grutas del Cocona, Teapa , July 24, 1973 (J. Reddell, J. Rowland, AMNH PBI_OON 137), 4♀ ; surface near Grutas del Cocona , Aug. 25, 1972 (J. Cooke, R. Mitchell, Russell, AMNH PBI_OON 189), 1♀ ; Villahermosa , Nov. 23, 1944 (D. Pelaez, AMNH PBI_OON 150), 1♀ . Veracruz: Atoyac , May 30, 1941 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 21066), 1♀ , Nov. 12, 1941 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI_OON 21097), 1♀ ; Catemaco, Playa Azul , 18°25′N, 95°04′W, Aug. 9, 1966 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 148, 153), 9♀ ; Cueva del Cabrito, La Palma, Mar. 2, 2001 (P. Sprouse, T. Whitfield, TMM 34501, PBI_OON 49430), 2♀ ; Cueva de Sala de Agua Grande , 6 mi E Yanga, Aug. 9, 1967 (J. Reddell, J. Fish, T. Evans, AMNH PBI_OON 49419), 1♀ ; Cueva de Ungurria , 20 km WSW Tezonapa, Dec. 25, 1972 (J. Reddell, D.. M. McKenzie, S. Murphy, AMNH PBI_OON 37311), 1♀ ; Lago Catemaco , 18°26′N, 95°06′W, Dec. 28, 1983 (V., B. Roth, CAS 9026332 , 9026334 , PBI_OON 2740, 2743), 6♀ , Feb. 12, 1984 (V., B. Roth, CAS 9026300 , PBI_OON 2590), 19♀ ; Peñuela , 18°53′N, 96°48′W, Apr. 26, 1963 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 186), 2♀ ; Potrero , June 24, 1936 (L. Davis, AMNH PBI_OON 188), 3♀ ; San Juan, 20 mi E Córdoba, July 13, 1941 (D. Bergstrom, FMNH 33614 , PBI_OON 10121), 1♀ ; Tecolutla , June 1947 (M. Johnston, A. Davis, AMNH PBI_OON 136), 1♀ ; Veracuz , June 22, 1936 (L. Davis, AMNH PBI_OON 142), 3♀ , May 31, 1941, leaf litter ( AMNH PBI_OON 128), 1♀ ; 9 mi SSW Veracruz, 19°02′N, 96°12′W, Aug. 7, 1966 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI_OON 143, 1014), 5♀ . Yucatán: Chichén-Itzá , July 10, 1948 (C., M. Goodnight, AMNH PBI_OON 139), 2♀ , 20°41′N, 88°33′W, Jan. 11, 1984 (V., B. Roth, CAS 9026293 , PBI_OON 2583), 1♀ . CENTRAL AMER- ICA: Guatemala: Alta Verapaz: Cueva Lanquín, Lanquín , Aug. 28, 1969 (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 156), 2♀ . Petén: Tikal , Jan. 9, 1974, in nest of Eciton hamatum (Fabricius) (D., A. Kistner, AMNH PBI_OON 1015), 1♀ . Retalhuleu: Retalhuleu, June 1, 1976 (C., M. Goodnight, AMNH PBI_OON 1009), 1♀ . Belize: Cayo: Roaring Creek , Aug. 1, 1972 (C., M. Goodnight, AMNH PBI_OON 1017), 1♀ . El Salvador: La Libertad: 4 mi N Quezaltepeque , July 7, 1961, ant nest under trees (M. Irwin, AMNH PBI_OON 149), 1♀ . Honduras: Copán: El Cedro , Mar. 8, 1939 ( AMNH PBI_OON 1023), 1♀ . Lempira: La Telegrafía, 14.76599°N, 88.24193W °, Sept. 28, 2008, under rocks in oak forest, elev. 465 m (C. Víquez, M. Branstetter, AMNH PBI_OON 38433), 4♀ ; San Marcos de Caiquín , 14.42548°N, 88.61245°W, Sept. 29, 2008, Winkler, sifted leaf litter in pine forest, elev. 1315 m (C. Víquez, M. Branstetter, AMNH PBI_ OON 38436), 3♀ . Santa Bárbara: San Antonio, 1 km NE Río Grande de Otoro, 14,77435°N, 88.17076°W, Sept. 28, 2008, under rocks in corn field, elev. 355 m (C. Víquez, M. Branstetter, AMNH PBI_OON 38434), 1♀ . Nicaragua: Atlántico Norte: Musawas, Río Waspuk , Oct. 10–31, 1955 (B. Malkin, AMNH PBI_OON 37306), 1♀ . Estelí: Canta Gallo , 21 km NE Condega, 13.41816°N, 86.25397°W, Aug. 10, 2008, log and leaf litter, elev. 1225 m (C. Víquez, M. Branstetter, AMNH PBI_OON 38435), 1♀ . Granada: 5.5 mi NE Nandaime, Aug. 24, 1962 (G., S. Hevel, USNM PBI_OON 27901), 1♀ ; Volcán Mombacho , 11.83333°N, 85.98027°W, Dec. 6, 2007, Winkler, elev. 1130 m (C. Víquez, J. Mata, AMNH PBI_OON 37029), 1♀ . Matagalpa: Finca Alvares, near bridge over Ríp Bopal , 12.7425°N, 85.82916°W, Dec. 1, 2007, riparian forest, elev. 350 m (C. Víquez, J. Mata, AMNH PBI_OON 37028), 11♀ . Costa Rica: Alajuela: Upala, Montecristo , Apr. 13, 2007, humus (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 36982), 1♀ . Cartago: Puricil, road to Parque Nacional Tapantí , 9°45′33″N, 83°49′11″W, May 8–11, 2002, coffee plantation, elev. 1500 m (M. Ramírez, INBIO PBI_OON 29677), 1♀ ; Turrialba , Aug. 13, 1965 (A. Chickering, MCZ 66841, PBI_OON 26514), 3♀ , Mar. 25, 1967, leaf litter (W. Peck, CAS 9026299 , PBI_OON 2589), 2♀ . Guanacaste: Cañas , Aug. 15, 1983, forest leaf litter, elev. 90 m (J., F. Murphy, AMNH PBI_OON 36828), 1♀ ; Parque Nacional Santa Rosa , Feb. 2009 (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 49431), 3♀ . Heredia: Estación Biológico La Selva , 10°26′N, 83°59′W, Mar. 5–8, 1973, Berlese, buttress litter, dry emergent tree in cacao grove, old grass clippings, under plantings (J. Wagner, J. Kethley, FMNH 33524 , 33534 , 34769 , 56579 , PBI_OON 10031, 10041, 10486, 10794), 7♀ ; Estación Biológico La Selva , 10°26′N, 84°01′W, Nov. 1, 1993, secondary forest, elev. 50–150 m ( INBIO PBI_OON 29676), 1♀ , Mar. 1, 2002 (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 36980), 1♀ ; 11 km ESE La Virgen , 10°21′N, 84°03′W, Feb. 16–18, 2004, elev. 250–350 m ( INBIO PBI_OON 31126–31128), 3♀ ; Finca La Tigre, near La Virgen , 10°24′N, 84°70′W, Nov. 2, 1980 (A. Young, AMNH PBI_OON 49437), 1♀ ; Horente , Sept. 2010, in house (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 49433), 2♀ ; Parque Municipal Nacimiento , 9°58′57″N, 84°10′48″W, Jan. 27–28, 2010, humus, elev. 950 m (C. Víquez, B. Hernandez, A. Solis, INBIO PBI_OON 49432), 1♀ ; San Joaquín, July 6, 1997, humus (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 36981), 1♀ . Limón: 5.5 km E Guápiles, May 14–16, 1987, tropical wet forest litter, elev. 200 m (D. Ubick, CDU PBI_OON 3607), 2♀ ; 9.5 km E Guápiles , May 9, 1987, tropical wet forest litter, elev. 200 m (D. Ubick, CDU PBI_OON 3608), 1♀ ; Parque Nacional Tortuguero , wet secondary forest (Apr. 17–23, 1983, CDU PBI_OON 3606), 11♀ . Puntarenas: Estación Biológico Las Cruces , Aug. 3, 2005, under trunks in forest (L. Armas, C. Víquez, AMNH PBI_OON 38418), 1♀ ; Bahía Chatham, Isla del Coco , Mar. 8, 1964 (R. Schuster, CAS 9026295 , PBI_OON 2585), 3♀ ; Quizarrá , 6 km E San Isidro, May 1989, elev. 750 m (W. Eberhard, MCZ 72954, PBI_OON 29422), 1♀ . San José: San José (E. Schmidt, AMNH PBI_OON 165), 3♀ . Panama: Bocas del Toro: Almirante, trail to dam on Nigua Creek , Mar. 25, 1959, Berlese, slit tree hole six ft from ground (H. Dybas, FMNH 33897 , PBI_OON 10399), 1♀ , Berlese , bark from log (H. Dybas, FMNH 33883 , PBI_OON 10385), 1♀ . Chiriquí: 2 km S Cuernavaca camp, Rincón valley , Jan. 16, 1981, damp litter between rock and log, elev. 750 m (W. Suter, FMNH 33625 , PBI_OON 10133), 2♀ , treehole-like litter, base of riddled tree (W. Suter, FMNH 33628 , PBI_OON 10136), 2♀ ; W Cuernavaca camp, Quebrada Laguna headwaters, Jan. 25, 1981, core, rotted century plant, elev. 875 m (W. Suter, FMNH 33694 , PBI_OON 10196), 4♀ ; SW Escopeta along Río San Félix , Jan. 19, 1981, litter of downed banana core, elev. 730 m (W. Suter, FMNH 33636 , PBI_OON 10138), 4♀ . Colón: Gamboa , Jan. 28, 1958 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71470, PBI_OON 26520), 1♀ ; Parque Nacional Soberania, Pipeline Road, 0.5 km S Río Frijolito , 9.14792°N, 79.72908°W, Jan. 1, 2008, rainforest litter (M. Draney et al., FMNH 34883 , PBI_OON 10596. 37842), 3♀ ; Río Frijoles , 4 mi NW Gamboa, Feb. 19, 1976, Berlese, wet leaves and flood debris along river (A. Newton, MCZ 72904, PBI_OON 29419), 2♀ ; Santa Rosa , June 1945 (C. Michener, AMNH PBI_OON 1019), 1♀ . Panamá: Cerro Campana , June 17, 1976, Berlese, cloud forest leaf litter, elev. 3200 ft (A. Newton, MCZ 72910, PBI_OON 29423), 1♀ ; Cerro Galero , July 15, 1985 (W. Eberhard, MCZ 72898, PBI_OON 29417), 1♀ ; Chilibrillo Cave, Chilibre , Feb. 7, 1959, drifted along stream in cave (H. Dybas, FMNH PBI_OON 37840), 1♀ ; Forest Preserve , Aug. 1939 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71474, PBI_OON 26548), 1♀ , Jan. 1958 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71473, PBI_OON 26528), 9♀ ; Isla Barro Colorado , no date ( AMHH PBI_OON 1021), 1♀ , K. Cooper ( AMNH PBI_OON 37292), 1♀ , June–Aug. , no year, Berlese (J. Zetek, MCZ 71469, PBI_OON 26518), 1♀ , July 19, 1938 ( AMNH PBI_OON 37293), 1♀ , summer 1938 (MCZ 71459, PBI_OON 27395), 1♀ , July 1943 – Mar. 1944, Berlese (J. Zetek, MCZ 71461, PBI_OON 27394), 5♀ , June–Oct. 1946 (MCZ 71460, PBI_OON 27397), 5♀ , July 1950 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71465, PBI_OON 26526), 1♀ , Aug. 1950 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71468, PBI_OON 26531), 1♀ , Nov. 1952 – Mar. 1953, Berlese (J. Zetek, AMNH PBI_OON 37294), 1♀ , July 1954 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71464, PBI_OON 26527), 4♀ , Aug. 16, 1954 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71463, PBI_OON 26529), 3♀ , Mar. 9, 1956, from ant colony (N. Weber, MCZ 71458, PBI_OON 27396), 1♀ , Feb. 6, 1958 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71462, PBI_OON 26524), 1♀ , Jan. 15, 1958 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71466, PBI_OON 26534), 1♀ , Jan. 13, 1959, in fibrous moss on ground (H. Dybas, FMNH 33656 , PBI_OON 10158), 1♀ , Jan. 21, 1959, Berlese, debris under bark of large stump (H. Dybas, FMNH 33881 , PBI_OON 10383), 1♀ , Jan. 22, 1959, Berlese, compost (H. Dybas, FMNH PBI_OON 10430), 1♀ , Feb. 1, 1959, Berlese, seven day old tapir dung (H. Dybas, FMNH 56499 , PBI_ OON 10740), 2♀ , May 18–21, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71467, PBI_OON 26535), 7♀ , July 1969 (T. Hlavac, J. Lawrence, AMNH PBI_OON 37075), 2♀ , Feb. 19–Mar. 9, 1975, Berlese, leaf litter (J. Lawrence, S. Levings, MCZ 72890, PBI_OON 29420), 2♀ , Aug. 17, 1975, Berlese, leaf litter (S. Levings, USNM PBI_OON 27896), 2♀ , Feb. 6, 1976, Berlese, litter around rotting logs (A. Newton, MCZ 72888, 72893 , PBI_OON 29424, 29425), 2♀ , Feb. 22, 1976, Berlese, leaf litter (S. Levings, USNM PBI_OON 27894, 27900), 2♀ , Feb. 26, 1976, Pseudobombax flowers (A. Newton, AMNH PBI_OON 1020), 1♀ , May 23–30, 1976, Berlese, leaf litter (S. Levings, USNM PBI_OON 27895, 27899), 2♀ , Jan. 30, 1977, Berlese, leaf litter (S. Levings, USNM PBI_OON 27898), 1♀ , June 4–12, 1977, Berlese, leaf litter (S. Levings, USNM PBI_OON 27893, 27897), 3♀ , Aug. 9–13, 1983 ( NML PBI_OON 31685), 4♀ , Dec. 31, 2007, rainforest leaf litter (M. Draney, M. Olemos, FMNH 34881 , PBI_OON 10594), 1♀ , Sept. 30, 2008, litter (A. McKenna-Foster, FMNH 44217 , PBI_OON 10695), 1♀ ; Madden Dam , Feb. 12, 1958 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71472, PBI_OON 26549), 1♀ ; Pedro Miguel , Aug. 26, 1954 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71471, PBI_OON 26550), 1♀ ; Summit Park , 9°03′54″N, 79°38′57″W, Sept. 25, 2009, elev. 80 m (C. Víquez, INBIO PBI_OON 49434), 1♀ . WEST INDIES: Bahama Islands: South Bimini , May 1951 (W. Gertsch, M. Cazier, AMNH PBI_OON 27491), 54♀ , July 1951 (C., P. Vaurie, AMNH PBI_OON 37304), 2♀ , Mar. 22–28, 1953 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI_OON 37291, 37300), 2♀ . Cuba: Camagüey: Hoyo de Bonet, Sierra de Cubitas , Feb. 2009 (Y. Martínez, MNH PBI_OON 49427), 5♀ ; Limones de Tuabaquey, Sierra de Cubitas , Feb. 2010, semideciduous forest, dry season (Y. Martínez, MNH PBI_OON 49428), 1♀ . Cienfuegos: Soledad, Aug. 1–11, 1934 (P. Darlington, MCZ PBI_OON 190), 1♀ (holotype), same (MCZ 26204, PBI_OON 49413), 2♀ (paratypes). Guantánamo: Valle del Río Jojo , 20°07′35″N, 74°28′42″W, May 11, 2010, litter (N. Platnick, A. Pérez, A. Sánchez, G. Alayón, AMNH PBI_OON 49424), 2♀ . La Habana: San Antonio de los Baños , May 23, 2003, humus (L. Armas, AMNH PBI_OON 38417), 2♀ . Pinar del Río: Gramales, Caja de Francisco. Sierra de Masa , Oct. 29, 1999, pine forest (B. Huber, A. Pérez, AMNH PBI_OON 49411), 1♀ , litter and under rocks (B. Huber, A. Pérez, AMNH PBI_OON 49412), 6♀ ; N Viñales , Sept. 16–22, 1913 ( AMNH PBI_OON 37314), 1♀ . Santiago de Cuba: Arroyo Grovert , 10 km NE Caney, 1995, leaf and log litter, elev. 300 m (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 49421), 2♀ ; km 7.5, road to La Gran Piedra, 20°00′23″N, 75°40′31″W, May 8, 2010, litter (N. Platnick, A. Pérez, A. Sánchez, G. Alayón, AMNH PBI_OON 49423), 5♀ ; Providencia , Apr. 29, 2004 (A. Sánchez, BSC PBI_OON 49426), 1♀ ; 2 km W Providencia , 20°05′16″N, 75°39′33″W, May 10, 2010, litter (N. Platnick, A. Pérez, A. Sánchez, G. Alayón, AMNH PBI_OON 49425), 1♀ ; Río Juruguá , 6 km NW Siboney, Dec. 7, 1995, tree base litter, elev. 150 m (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 49422), 1♀ , Dec. 16, 1995, log and leaf litter, elev. 150 m (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 71), 4♀ . Jamaica: Hanover: Cousins Cove Cave , Oct. 28, 1973 (R. Norton, AMNH PBI_OON 154, 37295), 3♀ . St. Andrew: Cane River Falls , E Kingston, May 9, 1956 (C. Hoff, MCZ 71482, PBI_OON 26519), 2♀ ; Cooper’s Hill , Feb. 10, 1955 (P. Bellinger, MCZ 71481, PBI_OON 26523), 1♀ ; Jack’s Hill Road , Dec. 6, 1967 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71478, PBI_OON 26532), 1♀ ; Long Mountain , May 5, 1956 (C. Hoff, MCZ 71477, PBI_OON 26545), 3♀ ; Mona , Oct. 5, 1957 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71480, PBI_OON 26536), 1♀ ; Richards Reservoir, Mona , Nov. 27, 1957 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71479, PBI_OON 26516), 1♀ . St. Ann : 3 mi S Moneague, Nov. 7, 1957 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71476, PBI_OON 26530), 1♀ ; Mt. Plenty Cave, Goshen , Aug. 20, 1974 (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37302), 1♀ . St. Catherine: near August Town , May 29, 1956 (C. Hoff, MCZ 71475, PBI_OON 26543), 1♀ ; 1 mi NE Ferry , May 17, 1956, in pile of leaves (C. Hoff, MCZ 71488, PBI_OON 26552), 2♀ ; Guanaboa Vale , Nov. 28, 1957 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71484, PBI_OON 26539), 3♀ ; 2 mi W junction Red Hills Road and road to Spanishtown , Nov. 1957 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71483, PBI_OON 26546), 1♀ ; Worthy Park Cave #2, Apr. 6, 1968 (S. Peck, A. Fiske, AMNH PBI_OON 27490), 8♀ . Westmoreland: Roaring River Cave , 7 mi NE Savanna-la-Mar, Aug. 29, 1974 (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37303), 4♀ . Hispaniola ( Haiti): Artibonite: Ennery , Sept. 7, 1934 (P. Darlington, MCZ 71491, PBI_OON 26551), 2♀ . Hispaniola ( Dominican Republic): San Cristóbal: Cuevas Ponier, Borbón , July 12, 1995 (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 1022), 1♀ . Puerto Rico: Luquillo: El Yunque Biological Station , Jan. 25, 1964, elev. 2100 ft (A. Chickering, MCZ 71492, PBI_OON 26544), 1♀ . Mayagüez: Mayagüez, Jan. 21, 1964, leaf litter among coffee trees, Jan. 21, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71498, PBI_OON 26522), 6♀ ; Mayagüez, just E Nuclear Center, Jan. 13, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71494, PBI_OON 26537), 1♀ ; Mayagüez, University campus, Jan. 20, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71497, PBI_OON 26525), 1♀ ; Mayagüez, University farm N campus, Jan. 17, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71496, PBI_OON 26541), 3♀ ; 4.6 km E Mayagüez on Rt. 106, Jan. 19, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71495, PBI_OON 26547), 1♀ ; 5 km from Mayagüez on Rt. 106, Jan. 30, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71493, PBI_OON 26542), 7♀ . San Sebastián: San Sebastián, Apr. 1963 (S. Aceuedo, AMNH PBI_OON 133), 1♀ . Virgin Islands: St. John: Cinnamon Bay , loop trail, July 30, 1975, along wall of old bay oil still (W. Muchmore, AMNH PBI_OON 1794), 1♀ . St. Thomas : no specific locality, July 1941 (C. Parsons, MCZ 71490, PBI_OON 26515), 1♀ . Tortola : no specific locality, Aug. 22, 1966 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71489, PBI_OON 26517), 1♀ . Leeward Islands: Montserrat: Spring Ghaut , May 28, 2003, leaf litter in ghaut bottom (A. Marske, AMNH PBI_OON 37074), 1♀ . Saba: junction, Mt. Scenery and Bud’s Hills trails, 17.6327°N, 63.2398°W, Mar. 14, 2008, beating, sifting, shrubs, elev. 670 m (J. Slowik, UAM 15561, PBI_OON 35945), 1♀ . Windward Islands: Barbados: Turners Hall Woods , Feb. 23, 1979, Berlese, rotted logs of cabbage palm (S. Peck, FMNH PBI_OON 49441), 1♀ . St. Vincent: no specific locality ( MNHN 5655 , PBI_OON 4741), 1♀ (syntype). Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad: no specific locality (N. Weber , MCZ 71485, PBI_OON 26538), 1♀ ; Blanchisseuse , beach area, Apr. 12, 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71486, PBI_OON 26540), 1♀ ; Lopinat (East) Cave (P. Brunet, AMNH PBI_OON 37307), 1♀ ; Simla, Arima Valley , Apr. 1964 (A. Chickering, MCZ 71487, PBI_OON 26533), 3♀ . SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia: Cundinamarca: Finca Bella Vista, near Sasaima , Apr. 7, 1965, under rocks and leaves (P., D. Craig, CAS 9026298 , PBI_OON 2588), 2♀ , on highway below Finca Bella Vista , Apr. 17, 1965, under stones on steep cliff (P., D. Craig, CAS 9026294 , PBI_OON 2584), 1♀ . Magdalena: Tayrona Park , ca. 40 km E Santa Marta, leaf litter, Aug. 11, 1985 (H. Müller, MHNG PBI_OON 15681), 3♀ . Meta: Lomalinda, Puerto Lleras , 3°18′N, 72°22′W, Mar. 1988, leaf litter (V. Roth, CAS 9026333 , PBI_OON 2742), 1♀ ; Villavicencio , June 29, 1965, elev. 500 m (P., B. Wygodzinsky, AMNH PBI_OON 37315), 1♀ . Valle del Cauca: 6 km SW Calí , Mar. 5, 1973, forest, elev. 1300 m (H. Levi, W. Eberhard, MCZ 72947, PBI_OON 29416), 1♀ . Venezuela: Aragua: Cuyagua , 10 km E Ocumare, Feb. 20, 1971, Berlese, cacao pod litter (S. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37076), 2♀ . Distrito Capital: Caracas (E. Simon, MNHN 14184 , PBI_OON 4739), 8♀ . Guárico: Parque Nacional Guatopo , south border, 24 km N Altagracia, June 13, 1987, leaf litter under mangos, elev. 300 m (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37297), 3♀ . Mérida: road from La Victoria to El Vigía, Feb. 22, 1968, elev. 1100 m (P., B. Wygodzinsky, M. Cormons, AMNH PBI_OON 37301), 1♀ . Miranda: Agua Blanco, Parque Nacional Guatopo , 35 km N Altagracia, May 31, 1987, ravine litter, elev. 400 m (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37298), 1♀ ; El Lucero, Parque Nacional Guatopo, 28 km N Altagracia, May 31–June 7, 1987, flight intercept, ravine (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 131), 1♀ , June 8, 1987, rotted log litter, elev. 700 m (S., J. Peck, AMNH PBI_OON 37296), 3♀ . Ecuador: Guayas: Milagro (H. Exline, D. Frizell, CAS 29506, PBI_OON 3631), 2♀ . Sucumbios: Limoncocha, near Río Negro , Dec. 18, 1984, sifting rainforest litter 20–30 yards from edge of lake (S. Marshall, AMNH PBI_OON 144), 6♀ . Galápagos Islands: Española: Gardner , Feb. 13, 1977, around lava blocks, elev. 20 m (W. Reeder, TMM 59883, PBI_OON 36921), 1♀ . Floreana: Wittmer Well , Apr. 9, 1991, elev. 350 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16875), 3♀ . Isabela : humid forest 17 km from coast, Nov. 1964, humus, elev. 250 m (N. Leleup, KBIN 16903 ), 6♀ ; Alemania , Jan. 22, 1977, sifted litter, from dead wood, elev. 370 m (W. Reeder, TMM 57839, 59896 , PBI_OON 36915, 36924), 8♀ , Jan. 22, 1978, sifted litter, elev. 350 m (W. Reeder, TMM 61194, PBI_OON 36917), 11♀ ; Cueva de Zuera, near Santo Tomás , May 29, 1975 (Franz, KBIN PBI_OON 16905), 1♀ ; Jaboncilla forest , Mar. 6, 1989, elev. 150 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16881) 1♀ ; La Torre, near Santo Tomás , May 28, 1975 (Franz, KBIN PBI_OON 16904), 1♀ ; Santo Tomás, Feb. 18–21,1986, elev. 350 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16849, 16858), 15♀ , Mar. 3, 1989, guavamoss litter, elev. 300 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16885, 16892), 12♀ ; above Santo Tomás , Jan. 19, 1978, litter of scalesia and fern, under small lava rocks, sifted from epiphytic moss, debris at base of fern clumps, elev. 480 m (W. Reeder, TMM 57841, 57850 , 57867 , 59879 , 59881 , PBI_OON 36910, 36913, 36914, 36920, 36929), 10♀ ; between Santo Tomás and El Mango , Jan. 15, 1978, sifted from decaying banana trunk, litter between mango buttresses, elev. 250 m (W. Reeder, TMM 57860, 59914 , PBI_OON 36925, 36911), 4♀ ; 3 km N Santo Tomás , Mar. 11, 1989, elev. 380 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16894), 4♀ ; 4 km NW Santo Tomás , Mar. 14, 1989, elev. 500 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16891), 1♀ ; 5.5 km W Santo Tomás , Mar. 8, 1989, elev. 550 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16884), 15♀ ; 4 km from Villamil , Nov. 1964, swampy area (N. Leleup, KBIN 16901 ), 1♀ ; Volcán Cerro Azul , Feb. 24, 1986, elev. 200 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16897), 1♀ . Pinta : no specific locality, July 18, 1977, sweeping, beating, dry perennial grass pampa, elev. 400 m (W. Reeder, TMM 73293, PBI_OON 49438), 2♀ . San Cristóbal: no specific locality, 1974 (S. Jacquemart, KBIN 16850 ), 7♀ , Mar. 31, 1985, elev. 350 m (H., I. Schatz, KBIN PBI_OON 16906), 1♀ , Mar. 27–28, 1986, elev. 225–570 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16845, 16847, 16861–16863), 15♀ , Mar. 2–5, 1988, highland, elev. 540 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16872), 3♀ ; Cerro San Joaquín , 12 km E Wreck Bay, Mar. 16, 1996. miconia/fern litter, elev. 550 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16888), 1♀ ; El Junco , Feb. 21, 1989, miconia ravine, elev. 620 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16910), 10♀ ; 1 km E El Junco , Feb. 14, 1989, elev. 550 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16890), 6♀ , Mar. 17, 1996, miconia/tree fern litter, elev. 540 m (S. Peck, FMNH 43141 , PBI_OON 10684), 17♀ ; 1 km NW El Junco , Mar. 17, 1996, miconia-tree fern litter, elev. 540 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16886), 8♀ ; 2 km NW El Junco , Feb. 21, 1989, miconia ravine, elev. 620 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16895), 9♀ ; 1 km E El Progresso , Feb. 19, 1989, elev. 370 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16883), 8♀ ; 1 km W El Progresso , Feb. 18, 1989, elev. 300 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16889), 5♀ ; 5 km E El Progresso , Mar. 13, 1989, elev. 590 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16896), 2♀ ; between Puerto Baquerizo and El Progresso , Mar. 4, 1982 (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, KBIN 16852 ), 5♀ ; La Toma, Feb. 15, 1989, miconia/tree fern litter, elev. 530 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16882), 5♀ ; Tres Palos area , Feb. 11, 1978, sweeping, sifting litter, dry fruits, beneath large wood chips in trail, beneath loose bark, elev. 110 m (W. Reeder, TMM 59882, 59892 , 59907 , 59912 , PBI_OON 36916, 36919, 36922, 36926, 36928), 7♀ , Feb. 12, 1978, from new finch nest dropped on trail, elev. 160 m (W. Reeder, TMM 57843, PBI_OON 36912), 4♀ , Feb. 13, 1978, sifting litter, under decaying wood, elev. 150 m (W. Reeder, TMM 59891, 59895 , 36927 , PBI_OON 36918), 11♀ . Santa Cruz: no specific locality, July 30, 1970, litter (S. Riechert, TMM 30397, PBI_OON 36923), 1♀ , cottage, Dec. 28, 1981 (Y. Lubin, KBIN PBI_OON 16909), 1♀ , Mar. 9, 1982, scalesia, elev. 570 m, pampa (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, KBIN 16851 , 16856 ), 2♀ , Feb. 15–Mar. 25, 1986, elev. 140–500 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16843, 16848, 16857, 16859, 16860, 16864, 16867–16869, 16879), 67♀ ; 2 km N Bellavista , May 14, 1985, avocado grove, elev. 360 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16893), 7♀ ; 4 km N Bellavista , May 3, 1996, rotted avocado logs, elev. 350 m (S. Peck, KBIN PBI_OON 16887), 1♀ ; Caseta Occidente , Feb. 11, 1982, elev. 170 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, KBIN PBI_OON 16853, 16855), 47♀ ; Caseta Tortuga , Mar. 20, 1982, elev. 180 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, KBIN PBI_OON 16854), 18♀ ; Charles Darwin Research Station , Mar. 3, 1985 (H., I. Schatz, KBIN PBI_OON 16898), 1♀ ; Cuevas de Vargas , 5 km NE Santa Rosa, May 30, 1985, elev. 500 m (S. Peck, KBIN 16900 ), 1♀ ; El Mirador, June 1992, elev. 640 m (J. Palacios, KBIN PBI_OON 16899, 16907). 2♀ ; La Caseta, Tortoise Reserve , Jan. 22, 1982 (L. Endara, KBIN PBI_OON 16911), 4♀ ; Los Gemelos , Jan. 12–Apr. 4, 1988, pampa, elev. 580 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_ OON 16877, 16880), 8♀ ; Media Luna , Feb. 28–Mar. 13, 1986, elev. 600 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16865), 2♀ ; Media Luna trail, Feb. 16, 1986, miconia, elev. 500 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16846), 2♀ , Feb. 28–Mar. 13, 1986, elev. 350 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16844), 7♀ , Feb. 15–Mar. 8, 1988, miconia, elev. 500–550 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16876, 16878, 16879), 116♀ , Mar. 3–Apr. 4, 1989, same ( KBIN PBI_OON 16873, 16874), 347♀ ; between Media Luna and Cerro Puntudo , Feb. 15–Mar. 8, 1988, elev. 750 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16871), 1♀ . Santiago : no specific locality, Mar. 7, 1986, highland, elev. 870 m (L. Baert, J. Maelfait, K. Desender, KBIN PBI_OON 16908), 1♀ . Brazil: São Paulo: Mata de Previdência , 23°34′S, 45°43′W, Dec. 12–19, 1999 (D. Candiani, IBSP 69083 , PBI_OON 10912), 6♀ (identified by A. Brescovit and C. Rheims, confirmed from photographs) . Argentina: Jujuy: Parque Nacional Calilegua , 23°44′34″S, 64°51′13″W, Oct. 20, 1994, Winkler, leaf litter around decaying trunk, transitional forest with lianas, elev. 850 m (J. Carpenter, D. Agosti, AMNH PBI_OON 37312), 3♀ . OLD WORLD: France: Île-de-France: Paris, greenhouses of MNHN, 1896 ( MNHN 5659 , PBI_OON 49414), 3♀ , 1914 (L. Berland , MNHN 5654 , PBI_OON 49415), 1♀ . Ivory Coast: Marahoué: Bouaflé , Jan.–Mar. 1981, pitfalls (J. Everts, MRAC 166411 , 174113 , 220028 , PBI_OON 29149, 29180, 29182), 9♀ ; Pakodji, near Degbézéré , 15 km E Bouaflé, Jan. 15–Feb. 13, 1984, pitfalls (R. Schouten, J. Buysen, MRAC 166013 , 220027 , PBI_OON 29160, 29167), 2♀ . Ghana: Ashanti: Fumesva , Oct. 1971 – Oct. 1972, litter, partially cleared forest scrub (M. Usher, MRAC 223910 , PBI_OON 9362), 2♀ ; Kwamekyemkrom , 6°34′N, 1°58′W, July 12, 1975, herbaceous vegetation (M. Usher, MRAC 164345 , PBI_OON 9156), 1♀ . Nigeria: Borno: Ibadan, Oct. 18, 1973, 10-year regrowth (A. Russell-Smith, MRAC 160329 , PBI_OON 9256), 1♀ , Mar. 23, 1974, riverine woodland (A. Russell-Smith, MRAC 223919 , PBI_OON 9213), 1♀ , Apr. 15, 1974, pitfall, riverine forest (A. Russell-Smith, MRAC 160327 , PBI_OON 9291), 1♀ . Equatorial Guinea: Micomeseng , July 8–13, 1989, pitfall (M. Alderweireldt, MRAC 170189 , PBI_OON 29133), 1♀ . Gabon: Estuaire: Ntoum , July 1985, forest litter (A. Pauly, MRAC 220029 , PBI_OON 29075), 1♀ . DR Congo: Fuko River, near Rutshuru , Jan. 12, 1955, elev. 1300 m (G. De Witte, MRAC 220024 , PBI_OON 29189), 2♀ ; Kibali, Ituri, Epulu , 1954, subterranean ant nest (N. Leleup, MRAC 224172 , PBI_OON 9193), 4♀ ; Kivu, valley of Upper Semliki , Aug. 16, 1968, humus (M. Lejeune, MRAC 135615 , PBI_OON 29184), 2♀ ; Nyabikere, near Rutshuru , June 13, 1955, elev. 1160 m (G. De Witte, MRAC 220025 , PBI_OON 29158), 1♀ ; Thysville [= Mbanza-Ngungu], Aug. 18, 1949, cave entrance (N. Leleup, MRAC 81210 , PBI_OON 29129), 1♀ (holotype). Uganda: Busaga district , Feb. 1967, gallery forest (J. Ruabunesa, MRAC 131622 , PBI_OON 9560), 1♀ ; Masindi, Nov. 28, 1959, under stone ( MRAC PBI_ OON 49436), 1♀ . Rwanda: Butare , INRS campus, Nov. 6, 1985 (R. Jocqué, Nsengimana, Michiels, MRAC 165801 , PBI_OON 29095), 1♀ . Tanzania: Mbeya: Kyela , Nov. 11, 1991, sieved litter, garden (R. Jocqué, MRAC 173519 , PBI_OON 29172), 1♀ , Nov. 27, 1991, litter, garden with cashew trees (R. Jocqué, MRAC 220109 , PBI_OON 29089), 4♀ . Tanga: Amani , E Usambara Mtns., July 20, 1980, elev. 1000 m (M. Stoltze, N. Scharff, ZMUC PBI_OON 9749), 1♀ , 5°5.7′S, 38°38′E, Oct. 27–Nov. 9, 1995, around buildings, elev. 950 m (C. Griswold, N. Scharff, D. Ubick, ZMUC PBI_OON 9748), 1♀ . Angola: Uíge: Dundo , Jan. 11, 1955 (A. Barros Machado, MRAC 212434 , PBI_OON 29067), 1♀ . Comoros: Anjouan: Boungouéni , Dec. 5, 1983, mango litter, elev. 300 m (R. Jocqué, MRAC PBI_OON 160743, PBI_OON 29099), 1♀ ; Mutsamudu, May 20, 2003, mango litter, hospital garden (R. Jocqué, D. Van den Spiegel, MRAC 220147 , PBI_OON 29074), 1♀ . Grande Comore: La Grille, E Maoueni , Aug. 18–19, 1981, soil, elev. 800 m (R. Jocqué, MRAC 156972 , 158495 , PBI_OON 29084, 29118), 2♀ , May 28, 2003, sieving forest litter, elev. 880 m (R. Jocqué, D. Van den Spiegel, MRAC 213176 , PBI_OON 29069), 1♀ ; Nioumbadjou , Aug. 20, 1981 (R. Jocqué, MRAC 158455 , PBI_OON 29187), 1♀ . Madagascar: Toamasina: Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga , 18°50′22″S, 48°18′30″E, Mar. 4–7, 2007, pitfall, elev. 1080 m (B. Fisher et al., CAS 9036074 , PBI_OON 3850), 18♀ ; Tamatave, Foulpointe , Sept. 1994, forest on clay (A. Pauly, MRAC 202107 , PBI_OON 9784), 1♀ . Toliara: Mandena, 8.4 km NNE Tôlagnaro , 24°57.14′S, 47°00.06′E, Nov. 20, 1998, littoral rainforest litter, elev. 20 m (B. Fisher, CAS 9029656 , PBI_OON 3222), 2♀ . Taiwan: Taitung Co.: Route 20, km. 202, after Chulai , Apr. 8, 2007, forest litter, elev. ca. 200 m (S. Vit, MHNG PBI_OON 16079 ), 1♀ . Hawaii: Hawaii: Route 190, mile marker 29.5, Feb. 17, 1995, roadside grass litter (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38298), 1♀ . Kauai: Eleele , Jan. 25, 1998, scrub in abandoned lot (J., E. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38296), 1♀ ; National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, near Poipu , Jan. 21, 1998 (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38295), 3♀ . Marquesas Islands: Hiva Oa: above Atuona , Feb. 12, 1987, forest litter, elev. 500 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38535), 1♀ ; Hanamenu , Feb. 4, 1987, on banana leaf (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38527), 1♀ , tree shaking (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38536), 1♀ , hibiscus litter (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38539), 18♀ , Feb. 5, 1987, litter under banyan tree, elev. 10 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38299), 5♀ , top of east ridge, litter, elev. 100 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38537), 6♀ . Nuku Hiva: Hakaui Bay , forest litter on sand near ocean, Jan. 25, 1987 (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38530), 6♀ ; W Taiohae , Jan. 23, 1987, pine forest litter, elev. ca. 800 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38528), 3♀ , Jan. 30, 1987, litter from sea cove (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38541), 5♀ ; Taipivai Village , Jan. 27, 1987, litter (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38538), 6♀ ; Toovii , Jan. 29, 1987, garden litter, in grass clump, elev. ca. 600 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38532, 38540), 5♀ . Cook Islands: Rarotonga : no specific locality, 21°14′S, 159°46′W, Jan. 15–18, 1996 (J. Boutin, CAS 9026331 , PBI_OON 2739), 2♀ ; Muri , Mar. 25, 1987, in litter (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38531), 1♀ ; Muri Beach , Mar. 4, 1987, litter near inland stream (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38534), 1♀ ; Raemaru, Arorangi Village , Mar. 24, 1987, litter, elev. 350 m (J., E. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38533), 5♀ ; Te Rua Manga, The Needle , Mar. 15, 1987, forest litter, elev. 400 m (J. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38297), 4♀ ; Tupapa Valley , Apr. 2, 1987, litter (J., E. Berry, AMNH PBI_OON 38529), 1♀ . Australia: Queensland (all material collected by A. Nakamura, identified by B. Baehr, confirmed from photographs): Lady Elliot Island , Mar. 31–May 6, 2008, casuarina litter ( QMB 87436, 87543 , 87545 , PBI_OON 23493, 23512, 23514), 10♀ ; Masthead Island , Oct. 7, 2008, beach, pisonia forest, litter, casuarina litter, elev. 5 m ( QMB 87232, 87239 , 87241 , 87244 , 87249 , 87462 , PBI_OON 23492, 23494, 23508, 23509, 23511, 23521), 11♀ .

DISTRIBUTION: Pantropical, and introduced in European greenhouses.

SYNONYMY: It appears that neither Lawrence, Suman, nor Brignoli compared the holotypes of their putatively new species with specimens of T. stenaspis .

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 1. Habitus, dorsal view. 2. Carapace, dorsal view. 3. Same, lateral view. 4. Same, anterior view. 5. Sternum, ventral view. 6. Chelicerae, anterior view. 7. Same, posterior view. 8. Mouthparts, ventral view. 9. Labrum and endites, dorsal view. 10. Serrula, dorsal view. 11. Pedicel area, ventral view. 12. Spinnerets, apical view. 13. Anterior lateral spinneret, same. 14. Posterior median spinneret, same. 15. Posterior lateral spinneret, same.

FIGURES 16–30. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 16. Leg I, prolateral view. 17. Patella and tibia I, same. 18. Leg II, same. 19. Claws of leg I, distal view. 20. Same, leg II. 21. Same, leg III. 22. Same, leg IV. 23. Claws of leg I, lateral view. 24. Same, leg II. 25. Same, leg III. 26. Same, leg IV. 27. Trichobothrial base from metatarsus I, dorsal view. 28. Palp, prolateral view. 29. Same, retrolateral view. 30. Palpal tibia, dorsal view.

FIGURES 31–40. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 31. Postepigastric scutum, ventral view. 32. Same, posterior view. 33. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view. 34. Carapace, dorsal view. 35. Abdomen, dorsal view. 36. Sternum, ventral view. 37. Leg I, prolateral view. 38, 39. Genital area, ventral view. 40. Same, dorsal view (figs. 37, 38 taken by Cristina Rheims).