Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard

Crowe, Stacie E., 2006, A redescription of Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) based on material from the North Atlantic (Amphipoda: Leucothoidae), Zootaxa 1170, pp. 57-68 : 59-68

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.2645615
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BFB58D0-1865-4420-9AF5-746160DA8CB0
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/600C87A3-BA0E-B475-FEB2-6F6FFBFDFDDF
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard
status

Treatment

Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard View in CoL

( figs.1–5 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )

Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard, 1789:67 View in CoL , fig. 14 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 . – Sars, 1895:283 284, pl. 100101.

Type Material. Neotype, male, 13.1 mm, ZMO F14088, Trondhjemsfjorden, Norway. Zoologisk Museum Oslo, Norway.

Type Locality. Trondhjemsfjorden , Norway

Additional material examined. 8 males and 18 females, ZMO F14088, Trondhjemsfjorden, Norway . 6 males and 5 females, ZMO F14084, Hvitingsø, Norway . 1 female, ZMO F1861 View Materials , Husø, Norway . 1 male, ZMO F14087, Lofoten, Norway . 1 female, ZMUCCRU4895, Trondhjemsfjorden , Röberg, ca. 300m, K. Stephenson, 22 Sept. 1934 . 1 female, ZMUCCRU4894, St. Hellefisk , W. Greenland . 176m, GF Ranken , 25 August 1976 .

Diagnosis. Rostrum small, lateral cephalic lobe rounded. Antenna 1 about onethird body length. Gnathopod 1 carpochelate; coxa broad; propodus palm with 12 subequal anterodistal robust setae, small appressed serrations lining palmar margin. Gnathopod 2 basis with several alternating long and short setae along anterior margin; carpus densely setose, propodus elongate and slightly excavated medially, oval with 1 row of mediofacial robust setae across anterior margin of propodus. Pereopod 4 coxa distal margin expanded. Epimeron 3 subquadrate with convex posterior margin and 3 small robust setae on distal edge.

Description of Male. Based on neotype male. Size, 13.1 mm. Rostrum small. Lateral cephalic lobe round. Eyes moderately sized, oval, pigmented; reported as bright red in fresh material. Antenna 1 about one third body length; article 1 and 2 of peduncle sub equal, article 2 with 3 medial setae, article 3 about one fourth length of article 2, flagellum with 16 articles. Antenna 2 slightly shorter than 1; article 4 and 5 of peduncle elongate, flagellum shorter than last article in peduncle with 8 articulations.

Labrum bilobed with distal row of setae, epistome triangular, slightly longer than broad. Mandible incisor with 9 teeth, molar process lacking, lacinia mobilis reduced on right mandible; palp 3articulate, article 2 twice the length of 3 and densely setose, article 3 ending in 2 apical setae, accessory blades present, serrate. Outer lobes of labium with apical setae, mandibular process rounded. Maxilla 1: inner plate with single apical seta, outer plate with several thick apical robust setae and 4 marginal setae, palp 2articulate with 4 apical robust setae on article 2. Maxilla 2: inner plate broader than outer plate, with 6 facial robust setae and 2 apical robust setae, outer plate with several facial setae and 5 apical robust setae. Maxilliped: inner plate with 45 apical robust setae.

Gnathopod 1 carpochelate; coxa broad and overlapping head; basis with several short setae along anterior margin: carpal process shorter in length to propodus with several small setae along posterior edge; propodus 4 times long as deep, palm with 12 subequal anterodistal robust setae, small appressed serrations lining palmar margin, one small blunt setae at dactylus insertion; dactylus reaching one half length of propodus. Gnathopod 2, coxa subquadrate; basis with several alternating long and short setae along anterior margin; carpus densely setose, reaching about one half across propodus; propodus elongate, robust, and slightly excavated medially, oval with 1 row of mediofacial robust setae reaching about two thirds across anterior margin and several irregularly spaced setae along palmar margin, width to height ratio 2.1:1, palm moderately scalloped.

Pereopod 3 coxa subrectangular with distal margin rounded; basis approximately 6 times long as wide with several short setae on posterior margin; ischium approximately 1.5 times long as wide; merus approximately 6 times long as wide with short setae on distal margin; carpus and propodus with several robust setae along posterior margin, dactylus less than half length of propodus. Pereopod 4 coxa distal margin expanded, otherwise similar to pereopod 3. Pereopod 57 coxa bilobed, overlapping, successively expanded. Pereopod 5 basis oval with 13 robust setae along posterior margin, serrate along anterior margin, approximately 1.5 times long as wide; merus, carpus, and propodus with robust setae along anterior margin, dactylus slightly less than one half length of propodus. Pereopod 6 basis oval with 10 robust setae along posterior margin, 1.6 times long as wide, merus with robust setae along anterior and posterior margins. Pereopod 7 basis oval with 8 robust setae along posterior margin, serrate along anterior margin, approximately 1.5 times long as wide; merus with robust setae along anterior and posterior margins.

Epimeron 1 rounded with 3 long setae on anterodistal margin. Epimeron 2 posteroventral corner pronounced with 8 robust setae on distal margin. Epimeron 3 subquadrate with convex posterior margin and 3 robust setae on distal edge.

Pleopods 13 normal, slightly longer successively.

4, c: Pereopod 5, d: Pereopod 6, e: Pereopod 7.

Uropod 1 longer than uropod 2; peduncle subequal to rami; inner ramus slightly longer than outer; rami setose. Uropod 2 inner ramus almost 2 times longer than outer, with 6 dorsal robust setae; outer ramus with 4 dorsal robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle longer than rami; inner ramus longer than outer; peduncle and rami with several regularly spaced dorsal robust setae.

Telson 3 times long as wide, entire, narrowing distally, bifid, with 2 apical setae.

Gills saclike.

Characters of Female That Differ from Male. Size, 16.2 mm. Antenna 1 flagellum with 16 articles. Gnathopod 1 palm with 13 subequal anterodistal robust setae. Gnathopod 2 basis more setose than male and late stage male; carpus with 2 terminal robust setae, densely setose. Telson blunt with 2 apical setae. Oostegites normal.

Characters of Late Stage Male That Differ from Male. Size, 13.7 mm. Antenna 1 flagellum with 20 articles. Antenna 2 flagellum with 9 articles. Gnathopod 2 carpus setose with broad posterior lobe, margin crenulate. Telson trifid with 2 apical setae.

d: medial view of gnathopod 2.

Discussion

The need for reviewing the morphology of the numerous populations worldwide identified as Leucothoe spinicarpa has been stressed various times ( Barnard, 1974; Thomas, 1993; Serejo, 1998). While no attempt has been made here to compare material identified as L. spinicarpa from different locations, there are morphological characters which may be useful in distinguishing species within the spinicarpa complex. These characters include: the number of flagellum articles on the antenna 1 and 2; the anterior setation of the basis and the mediofacial setae on the propodus of gnathopod 2; the propodus and dactylus length of pereopods 37; the shape of epimera 3; and the shape and setation of the telson. Further investigation using more comparative material and/or genetic techniques is necessary prior to performing any additional ecological studies regarding the L. spinicarpa complex.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Åse Wilhelmsen (Zoologisk Museum, Oslo) and Jørgen Olesen (Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen) for providing Leucothoe material and literature. I am grateful to Dr. Rachael King for providing laboratory assistance, discussions, and encouragement. The Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center (SERTC) funded this research through NOAANMFS Grant # NA16FL1490. This is South Carolina Marine Resources Division Contribution Number 567.

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