Coarazuphium tapiaguassu, Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2011

Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2011, Coarazuphium tapiaguassu (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle, with ultrastructural analysis and ecological considerations, Zootaxa 3116, pp. 47-58 : 48-54

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.203155
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6183026
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B744F48-FFE6-FFCD-91D2-30AAFBB7FA6A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Coarazuphium tapiaguassu
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Coarazuphium tapiaguassu View in CoL sp. n.

( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 –11).

Description. Minimum and maximum morphometric data from paratypes are given in parenthesis. No distinct sexual differences were observed. Female paratype 1 ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). A live female specimen is shown in figure 1.

Holotype male. Total length, from the apex of the mandible to the apex of the elytra: 4.14 mm (4.07–4.26), width, from at the widest region of the elytra: 1.29 mm (1.25–1.29). Body pale reddish brown, one paratype is yellowish to pale brown, dorsal integument of the elytra covered with short recumbent hairs.

Head. Subtrapezoidal ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A) with similar width and length, width/length ratio: 0,96 (0.92–1.0). Maximum width of head at its base, 2.3 (2.2–2.3). Head slightly narrower than pronotum. Dorsal surface with one pair of setae internal to the ocular area and one pair of lateral setae located immediately behind ocular area. Ventral surface with a pair of posterior setae close to median line of head, and an anterior pair, close to margin of gular region ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 C). Eyes reduced and despigmented, situated laterally at the end of antennal impression of the head.

Antennae. Antennae filiform and flagellar, ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A) 3.22 mm (3.15–3.40), 5.44 (5.0–5.41) times longer than pronotum; first antennomere elongate, shorter than 2–4 together. First antennomere with a long bristle close to the middle. Antennomeres are almost round in cross-section, except for the tip of the terminal, which is laterally flattened ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 F).

Sensilla on the antennae of the paratype 2 were examined. The sensilla chaetoid (s.ch) (sensory bristles or spines) are present in all antennomeres, and are the most abundant ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 B–F). Trichoid sensilla (s.t.) (sensory hairs) can be found on the 4th to 11th antennomeres. Basiconic sensilla (s.b.) (sensory pegs or cones) are present on the 4th to 11th antennomeres. Some Böhm sensilla (B.s.) (sensory pit-pegs) are also present found in areas opposite the intersegmental membrane between head and scape, as well as between scape and pedicel on the scape and pedicel bases, respectively ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 A–B). Coeloconic sensilla (s.co.), (sensory pit-pegs) can be found on the 5th to 11th antennomeres ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 E–F). Appendages of cuticular plates (ACP) were abundant at the bases of all antennomeres, close to the intersegmental joints ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 B).

Mouthparts. Sensilla on the mandible, maxilla, labial palpus, labrum, and clypeus of the paratype 1 were examined. The mandible is acutely bent inwardly at its tip. On the ventral side, longitudinal rows of setae are present ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 A–B). On the dorsal surface, a series of hair sensilla projects from the submolar region to near the cuticular processes ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 C–D).

The maxilla basically consists of the lacinia, maxillary palp, and galea ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 A). The lacinia is shorter than the galea, with an acute and curved end, with rows of long setae and cuticular processes. The galea is biarticulated, composed of 2 segments, with different types of basiconic sensilla. These sensilla become more abundant near the apex of the last segment ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 B). The four-palpomere from maxillary palp is long and filiform with spaced basiconic sensilla present on the surfaces of the segments. Trichoid sensilla are distributed along the maxillary palp, and they become more abundant and smaller on the last segment ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 C–D). There are also grooves in this segment that may indicate a sensory organ or gustatory receptors ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 E).

The labium has one pair of small setae and one pair of long setae near the labial palpi ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 A), which has some long hairs within. The types of sensilla on the three-segmented labial palpomeres are the same as those on the maxillary palpomeres ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 B). The labrum is quadrangular and presents tree pairs of setae in dorsal margin ( Figs. 7 View FIGURE 7 A–B).

Pronotum. Shape trapezoidal, 1.38 (1.28–1.35) times wider than long ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B). Maximum width close to anterior angle and as wide as head. Anterior and posterior angles are acute. Dorsal surface ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A) with two pairs of erect setae: one close to the anterior angle of the pronotum and the other, shorter, close to the posterior angle. Ventral surface with one pair of anterior setae medially located ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B).

Elytra. Elytra are free ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A), together 1.71 (1.74–1.79) times longer than wide. Maximum width nearly one third the distance from the apex and 1.52 (1.48–1.54) times wider than pronotum. Apex of elytra is not sinuous.

Seven large setae in each elytron: 3 close to the anterior angle, 2 marginal in posterior half, and 2 on posterior margin. Hind wings absent. Abdominal sterna 1–5, glabrous, sixth sternum with a small pair of setae close to its posterior margin.

Legs. Procoxa with one pair of setae at posterior margin ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B); meso and metacoxa with one pair of setae close to the anterior margin. Pro-, meso- and metatrochanter bear one medial setae. Profemur with long and short setae. Profemur 1.04 (0.90–1.12) mm, as long as the mesofemur and 0.90 (0.68–0.75) times the length of metafemur. Protibia 1.15 (1.0–1.09) as long as the mesotibia and 0.61 (0.68–0.79) times the length of metatibia. Protibia 1.21 (1.15–1.60) times longer than protarsus. Mesotibia 0.90 (1.0–1.2) times the length of mesotarsus and metatibia 1.1 (1.04–1.21) times longer than the metatarsus. First tarsomere almost equal to tarsomeres 2–4 together. Length of protibia and tarsus together 2.63 (2.29–2.65) times the length of the pronotum. Mesotibia and tarsus length 2.63 (2.59–2.56) times, and metatibia and tarsus length 3.94 (2.72–3.65) times the length of pronotum.

The ultrastructural analysis showed that the coxal segment has 3 types of sensilla: one type is the sharply pointed long trichoid sensilla (s.t.). The other type, the appendages of cuticular plates (ACP) are abundant on the procoxae, covering all the procoxae tissue ( Figs. 8 View FIGURE 8 A–B). Some sensilla chaetica were also observed in the basal part of the coxae ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 B). The trochanter also bears trichoid sensilla ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 C). On the femur, trichoid sensilla are regularly distributed on the whole surface ( Figs. 8 View FIGURE 8 D–E). ACP are abundant at the base of the protibia, close to the intersegmental joint, where there is also an aggregate of basiconic sensilla ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 D). The protibia also has a row of trichoid sensilla, which become more abundant at the apex, and spaced basiconic sensilla occur at its border ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 E). The tarsus has abundant trichoid sensilla ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 F).

Aedeagus. Dorsally curved and elongate, presently the biggest and longest aedeagus among Coarazuphium species, with some protuberance at the apices ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 D–F). Left paramere about two times longer than wide, right paramere slighter curved and elongate.

Etymology. The epithet is from the tupi-Guarani word (Indian Brazilian language) tapiaguassu (Tapiaguaçu) , meaning those of large penis.

Differential diagnosis. All characteristics of C. tapiaguassu are consistent with the description of the genus Coarazuphium , except for the non-sinuous margin of the elytra, which was already observed in C. pains . Álvares & Ferreira (2002) suggested that this character be reconsidered for the genus, because it is not present in specimens of C. pains . This new troglobite species of Coarazuphium differs from the others by the absence of setae on the dorsal surface of the head, near the posterior margin; the other species feature one, two or three pairs of setae. Furthermore, the aedeagus is larger and longer than in other all Coarazuphium species.