Opopaea concolor (Blackwall)

Platnick, Norman I. & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, The Goblin Spider Genera Opopaea and Epectris (Araneae, Oonopidae) in the New World, American Museum Novitates 3649, pp. 1-44 : 22-29

Opopaea concolor (Blackwall)

Figures 73–104

Oonops concolor Blackwall, 1859: 265 (male and female syntypes from Madeira, should be in Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford University, but not found there by Zoe Simmons, personal commun.).

Opopaea concolor: Kulczyński, 1899: 339 , pl. 6, fig. 25. – Wunderlich, 1987: 63, figs. 24–26. – Saaristo, 2001: 333, figs. 93B–98B. – Saaristo and van Harten, 2006: 137, figs. 22, 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b, 27. – Saaristo, 2007: 136, figs. 90–92. – Saaristo and Marusik, 2008: 20, figs. 13–21, 119–121, 123–132, 193, 199, 218, 228.

Myrmecoscaphiella borgmeyeri Mello-Leitão, 1926: 2 (male holotype from Rodeio , Santa Catarina, Brazil, in MNRJ, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Opopaea devia Gertsch, 1936: 5 , fig. 13 (female holotype from Edinburg, Hidalgo Co., Texas, in AMNH, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Opopaea guaraniana Birabén, 1954: 203 , figs. 30–36, 50 (female holotype and male allotype from Manantiales , Corrientes, Argentina, lost). NEW SYNONYMY.

Opopaea bandina Chickering, 1969: 147 , figs. 1–3 (female holotype from Largo , Pinellas Co., Florida, in MCZ, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Gamasomorpha atlantica Benoit, 1977: 35 , figs. 13a–e (male holotype from Prosperous Bay Plain, Saint Helena, in Musée Royal de l’Afrique Central, not examined). First synonymized by Saaristo and Marusik, 2008: 20.

Opopaea atlantica: Brignoli, 1983: 188 .

DIAGNOSIS: Males can be distinguished from those of O. deserticola by the ventrally unexpanded palpal bulb (figs. 93–96, 99–104), females by having the small, dark knob marking the origin of the receptaculum situated quite far from the epigastric furrow (figs. 91, 92, 97, 98).

MALE (PBI_OON 1058). Total length 1.23, habitus as in figs. 73–75. As in O. deserticola except as noted. CEPHALOTHORAX (figs. 79–81, 87): pars cephalica pores, serrula not scanned. ABDOMEN (figs. 82, 89): setae and outgrowths near pedicel not scanned. LEGS: tibial glands and pores, tarsal claw dentition, trichobothria and tarsal organs not scanned. GENITALIA: Palpal trichobothria not scanned. Bulb not expanded ventrally (figs. 93–96, 99–104).

FEMALE (PBI_OON 1213). Total length 1.47, habitus as in figs. 76–78. As in female of O. deserticola except as noted. CEPHALO- THORAX (figs. 83–85, 88): Palpal trichobothria not scanned. ABDOMEN (figs. 86, 90): Spinnerets not scanned. LEGS: Not scanned. GENITALIA: Ventral view: epigastric region with protruding knob situated posterior of epigastric furrow (figs. 91, 97). Dorsal view: sclerotized portions of receptaculum short, Tshaped, originating well posterior of epigastric furrow (figs. 92, 98).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: UNITED STATES: Arizona: Yuma Co. : Yuma, Apr. 1, 1960, running across patio at noon (V. Roth, AMNH PBI _OON 1214), 13. California: Los Angeles Co.: no specific locality, Dec. 1954, in termite-infested wood ( AMNH PBI _ OON 31056), 13; Hermosa Beach, Mar. 18, 1941 (W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _OON 31058), 13; Westwood, Los Angeles Basin, Apr. 19, 1955, in termite-infested wood (R. Pence, AMNH PBI _OON 1193), 13. Riverside Co.: Riverside Agricultural Experiment Station, Oct. 7, 2002, in yellow jacket traps in citrus and eucalypt (R. Vetter, CAS 9023427, PBI _OON 3750), 13. District of Columbia: Washington, U. S. National Museum Building, room 83, Dec. 27, 1934 (C. Shoemaker, USNM 2046648, PBI _ OON 27934), 1♀. Florida: Alachua Co. : Gainesville ( AMNH PBI _OON 1982), 1♀, Apr. 9, 1979, in cloth-sealed package from Argentina (L. Strange, FSCA PBI _OON 21189), 1♀; Science Hall, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Dec. 6, 1948, bookcase ( AMNH PBI _OON 1208), 13 (missing both palpal bulbs), 1♀. Glades Co.: near Harrisburg, Apr. 1956, bromeliad in cypress trees (C. Hoff, AMNH PBI _OON 1275), 1♀. Highlands Co.:

74, 77. Ventral view. 75, 78. Lateral view.

Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Nov. 23, 1952 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI _ OON 1204), 1♀, Dec. 8, 1959 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI _ OON 1195 ) , 1♀, Oct. 1, 1962 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI _ OON 1194 ) , 1♀, July 3– 8, 1978, litter, elev. 20 m (J., F. Murphy, AMNH PBI _OON 36544, 36545 ) , 23; De Soto City , Oct. 5, 1962 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI _ OON 1202 ) , 1♀; Highlands Hammock State Park , along County Road, N boundary, Apr. 5, 1966, palmetto pine/pine swamp forest (J. Wagner, FMNH PBI _OON 37515) , 13. Indian River Co.: no specific locality, Australian pine (K. Hibbard, R. Kendrick, FSCA PBI _OON 21187) , 1♀. Lee Co.: Fort Myers Beach , 26 ° 26 9 N, 81 ° 56 9 W, Mar. 17, 1954 (W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _OON 31054) , 1♀. Okeechobee Co.: Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park , Jan. 1977, bromeliad leaves (D. Strohmeyer, AMNH PBI _OON 31055) , 13. Orange Co.: 3 mi NW Maitland , 28 ° 38 9 N, 81 ° 24 9 W, Dec. 10, 1962 (W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _ OON 1292 ) , 1♀. Pinellas Co.: Largo , May 1964 (L. Levi, MCZ) , 1♀ (holotype). Sarasota Co. : Myakka River State Park , 27 ° 14 9 N, 82 ° 16 9 W, Dec. 26, 1963 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _ OON 1263 ) , 23, 1♀. Saint Lucie Co.: Bluefield , Aug. 24, 1983, on Casuarina (K. Hibbard, FSCA PBI _OON 21184) , 13, Dec. 14, 1983, on pine (K. Hibbard, FSCA PBI _OON 21190) , 1♀; White City , Aug. 11, 1983, on Casuarina (K. Hibbard, FSCA PBI _OON 21188) , 1♀. Volusia Co. : Edgewater , Feb. 28, 1939 (C. Frost, MCZ 66783, PBI _OON 26767) , 2♀. Texas: Hidalgo Co.: Edinburg , Dec. 1–10, 1926 (S. Mulaik, AMNH PBI _ OON 1213 ) , 1♀, May 30, 1935 (S. Mulaik, AMNH PBI _OON 31057) , 1♀ (holotype), Mar. 1939 (E. Atwood, AMNH PBI _ OON 1219 ) , 1♀; 3 mi E Edinburg , Apr. 12, 1937 (S. Mulaik, AMNH PBI _ OON 1211 ) , 1♀; 7 mi S Pharr , May 30, 1939 (S. Mulaik, AMNH PBI _ OON 1215 ) , 13. MEXICO: Baja California Sur: Rancho de Parras , 12 mi S Loreto, Jan. 29, 1965 (V. Roth, AMNH PBI _ OON 1986 ) , 1♀. Guerrero: Ayotzinapa , Jan. 14, 1941 (F. Bonet, AMNH PBI _ OON 1373 ) , 13. Hidalgo: Taxquillo, Tzindejeh , Río Tula , 20 ° 33 9 N, 99 ° 19 9 W, Aug. 20, 1964 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _ OON 1369 , 1409 ) , 53, 4♀, July 29, 1966 (J., W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _ OON 1395 ) , 13, 1♀. Nayarit: Compostela , July 26, 1954 (W. Gertsch, AMNH PBI _ OON 1394 ) , 13. Oaxaca: Tlacolula, 16 ° 57 9 N, 96 ° 27 9 W, Apr. 30, 1963, under cliff (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, AMNH PBI _ OON 1393 , 93 , 1♀. Sinaloa : 6 mi S Culiacán, July 22, 1954 (W. Gertsch, AMNH PBI _ OON 1415 ), 13. COSTA RICA: no specific locality, intercepted at New Orleans , Louisiana , June 1, 1936, USNM 2046648 , PBI _OON 27926) , 1♀. Alajuela: Alfaro Ruiz, Zarcero , Mar. 18, 1997, elev. 1600–1700 m ( INBIO 2805767 , PBI _OON 29668) , 13. Heredia: Llorente, Flores coffee plantation, Feb. 11, 2007, dead leaves (C. Víquez, AMNH PBI _OON 29679) , 1♀; INBIO, Santo Domingo , June 23, 1997, in book (A. Solis, C. Víquez, INBIO 47179 , PBI _OON 29678) , 1♀. San Jose´: San Joaquín , June 9, 1997 (C. Víquez, AMNH PBI _OON 37516) , 1♀. WEST INDIES: Bahama Islands: South Bimini , May 1951 (W. Gertsch, M. Cazier, AMNH PBI _ OON 1249 ) , 2♀. GREATER ANTILLES: Cuba: La Habana: San Antonio de los Baños , June 18, 2003, in house (G. Alayón, AMNH PBI _ OON 241 ) ,

13 Jamaica: St. Andrew : Mona, 1953, grass and bushes (G. Underwood, MCZ 72281, PBI _OON 26677), 1♀. COLOMBIA : Magdalena: Punta Betín , Santa Marta, Nov.–Dec. 1985, pitfalls (H. Müller, MHNG

PBI _OON 15780), 53, 4♀. BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Rodeio, in nest of Eciton army ants (T. Borgmeyer, MNRJ), 13 (holotype) . ARGENTINA: Capital Federal: Buenos

Aires , Oct. 29, 1984 (M. Ramírez, MACN 15300 , PBI _OON 14772) , 13. Misiones: Dieciséis de Octubre , Oct. 1953 (De Carlo, R. Schiapelli, Viana, M. Galiano, MACN

3780, PBI _OON 14771), 23, 5♀, Nov. 1, 1954 (R. Schiapelli, MACN 15301 , PBI _OON 14773), 13. ECUADOR: Guayas: Guayaquil, Jan. 1943 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023415 , PBI _OON 35235), 1♀. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Isla Isabela: Beagle Crater Camp ,

May 21, 1980, sifted from finch and mockingbird nests (W. Reeder, TMM 59884, PBI _OON 37513), 23, 2♀. Isla San Cristóbal: Cerro Pelado , Feb. 17, 1978, extracted from fronds of large bromeliads, elev. 440 m (W. Reeder, TMM 59898, PBI _OON 37514), 1♀. PERU: Piura: near Mallares, Río Chira , Dec. 31, 1941 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023423 , PBI _ OON 36251), 13 , Jan. 4, 1942 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023421 , PBI _OON 35236), 33, 2♀; 12 mi N Máncora , Dec. 11, 1938 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023422 , PBI _OON 35238), 13; Negritos , May 23, 1941 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023425 , PBI _OON 36237), 1♀; Pariñas Valley , N Negritos , Sept. 24, 1938 (H. Exline, D. Frizzell, CAS 9023424 , PBI _ OON 35250), 13, 1♀. MADEIRA: Madeira: Cruz Museum, Funchal , Oct. 2, 1964 (A. Nadler, AMNH PBI _ OON 1411 ), 1♀; Funchal , Apr. 16, 1973, grassy cliffs, elev. 10 m ( AMNH PBI _OON 36438), 1♀. ST. HELENA: no specific locality , Oct. 2003 ( AMNH PBI _OON 36434), 13, 1♀. HAWAII: Oahu: Honolulu , Oct. 1951, in flour in house (D. Hardy, AMNH PBI _ OON 1444 ), 2♀ .

DISTRIBUTION: Pantropical; in the New World, known from the southern United States and Bahama Islands south to the Galapagos Islands, Peru, and Argentina. The type specimens of this species were captured ‘‘in a house among loose papers’’ on the island of Madeira ( Blackwall, 1859: 266). The species is obviously synanthropic; although probably native only to the Old World, it can today be found throughout both the Old and New World tropics and subtropics (sometimes sympatrically with O. deserticola ).

SYNONYMY: No differences from O. concolor (or from each other) were noted in the original descriptions of Myrmecoscaphiella borgmeyeri , O. devia , or O. bandina , and none were detected during examination of their holotypes (figs. 103, 104). The types of O. guaraniana , originally deposited in the personal collection of Birabén, are apparently lost; although other types from that paper are now in the La Plata or Buenos Aires collections, these specimens are not among them (C. Grismado, personal commun.). Birabén’s illustration of the female genitalic region leaves no doubt that his specimens belonged to O. concolor .

Figures

Figs. 73–78. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), habitus. 73–75. Male. 76–78. Female. 73, 76. Dorsal view.

Figs. 79–82. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), male. 79. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. 80. Same, anterior view. 81. Same, lateral view. 82. Epigastric area, ventral view.

Figs. 83–86. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), female. 83. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. 84. Same, anterior view. 85. Same, lateral view. 86. Epigastric area, ventral view.

Figs. 87–92. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), SEM. 87, 89. Male. 88, 90–92. Female. 87, 88. Carapace, dorsal view. 89, 90. Abdomen, anterior view, showing triangular projections on pedicel and plumose hairs near them. 91. Epigastric area, ventral view. 92. Same, digested, showing T-shaped sclerotized portion of receptaculum and lateral apodemes, and basal portion of tracheal trunks, dorsal view.

Figs. 93–98. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), compound microscope. 93–96. Male palp. 97, 98. Female epigastric region. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Retrolateral view. 95. Bulb, prolateral view. 96. Bulb, retrolateral view. 97. Ventral view. 98. Dorsal view.

Figs. 99–104. Opopaea concolor (Blackwall), male palp, SEM. 99–102. Left palp. 103, 104. Right palp, holotype, Myrmecoscaphiella borgmeyeri, uncoated. 99. Prolateral view. 100. Retrolateral view. 101, 103. Bulb, prolateral view. 102, 104. Bulb, retrolateral view.