Dryocosmus caputgrusi Tang & Schweger, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 88-95

Dryocosmus caputgrusi Tang & Schweger sp. n. Figures 18-23 , 24-28 , 29-32

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, entrance of Mt. Beichatian Trail, Fushing Township, 20.V.2011 (TWT476), ex Castanopsis uraiana , 24°47'52.44"N, 121°25'12.71"E, 937m, ex crane head like leaf gall (TWTl14), adult em. 23.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang. PARATYPES: 3 females: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, entrance of Mt. Beichatian Trail, Fushing Township, 20.V.2011 (TWT476), ex Castanopsis uraiana , 24°47'52.44"N, 121°25'12.71"E, 937m, ex crane head like leaf gall, dissected on 20.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female PARATYPE: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Shanzhuku, Dawu Township, ex male catkin gall with long stalk on Castanopsis carlesii (TWTc1), 22°19'14.73"N, 120°51'39.03"E, 389 m, gall collected 30.III.2012 (TWT601), adult em. 13.IV.2012, leg. C.T. Tang, Y.K. Tzou.

The female holotype and 1 female paratype are deposited in NMNS, 1 female paratype in PHMB, 1 female paratype in NCHU.

Etymology.

The Latin “caput” means “head”, and " Grus " is a common crane genus name. The name reflects the shape of the gall which looks like a crane head.

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus caputgrusi , Dryocosmus pentagonalis and Dryocosmus triangularis belong to the group of species in which striae marking the transepisternal line extend at least ¾ of the mesopleuron length and the speculum is delicately striate (Fig. 24 ).

In Dryocosmus triangularis the female POL/OOL = 1.8 (Fig. 176 ); the male eye height / malar distance = 8.70; the male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.40 (Fig. 177 ); male pedicel nearly as long as the scape.

In Dryocosmus caputgrusi and Dryocosmus pentagonalis the female POL/OOL = 1.4 (Figs 20 , 174 ); male eye height / malar distance = 8.1; male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.20 (Fig. 175 ); the male pedicel / scape<1.

Dryocosmus caputgrusi : the disc of the mesoscutellum is glabrous, smooth, at least in anterior half (Fig. 25 ).

Dryocosmus pentagonalis : the disc of the mesoscutellum is entirely rugose, matt (Fig. 178 ).

Description.

Sexual female: Head color: brown; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Meso soma and metasoma color: dark brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum and posterior half of metasoma, legs yellowish.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.10. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: matt. Gena length / eye width: 0.40. Gena shape: not boradened posterior to eye, not visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.85. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.40. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.40. OOL / LOL: 1.45. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: >1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.10. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.25. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: convex. Clypeus sculpture: coriaceous. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: trapezoid. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with some sub-parallel delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 2.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: >1. F1 length / F2 length: 1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.75. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 1. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.15. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.07. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: 0.2. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): smooth anteromedially, rugose posteromedially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth anteriorly rugose posteriorly. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow, triangular. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth striae corresponding to transepisternal line extending to mesocoxal foramen, area dorsal to transepisternal line transversely striate. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: coriaceous with irregular rugae . Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.70. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.60 mm (n=2).

Male: unknown

Gall (Figs 31-32 ): The gall is unilocular, spindle-shaped and is attached with a long stalk to the leaf. The gall is 8.0-12.7 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide (n=4), with a stalk varying in length from 6.4 mm to 8.1 mm. The swollen part of the spindle-shaped gall indicates the position of the larval chamber. The gall is green at both young and mature stages, with a smooth surface when growing and delicately rugose when mature. Galls were found also on male catkins (Fig. 32 ). In this case, the gall is greenish and pubescent. The main body of the gall is spindle-shaped with a stalk; the spindle-shaped part is 5.3-6.0 mm long, and 1.1-1.4 mm wide (n=5). The length of the stalk varies from 4.9 mm to 6.8 mm (n=5).

Biology.

Although only females were collected, the emergence of adults in May and the female morphology suggest that this is a sexual generation. Galls appear on young leaves of Castanopsis uraiana in March; adults emerged in late May. The catkin galls (TWTc1, TWT601) were found on Castanopsis carlesii in late March; adults emerged in the first half of April.

Distribution.

Taiwan: Taoyuan and Taitung Counties.

Figures

Figures 18 - 23. Dryocosmus caputgrusi, female, sp. n. 18 - 21, head: 18 frontal view 19 posterior view 20 dorsal view 21 lateral view 22 antenna 23 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view.

Figures 24 - 28. Dryocosmus caputgrusi, female, sp. n. 24 mesosoma, lateral view 25 mesosoma, dorsal view 26 mesosoma and propodeum, posterodorsal view 27 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 28 fore wing, part (tel = transepisternal line, dms = disc of mesoscutellum, spe = speculum).

Figures 29 - 32. Dryocosmus caputgrusi sp. n. 29 - 30 female, metasoma: 29 lateral view 30 dorsal view 31 - 32 galls (photos by C. - T. Tang).

Figures 174 - 181. 174 - 175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176 - 177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178 - 179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180 - 181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms = disc of mesoscutellum, not = notaulus).