Cerozodus nodicornis ( Wiedemann, 1828 )

Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2022, Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species, Zootaxa 5209 (2), pp. 151-186 : 159-169

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:710CB5B2-3A7A-491D-A317-CC05419F7A6B
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330759
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/567D875B-5A4A-FFFE-FF76-AC18FAF4FE1D
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Cerozodus nodicornis ( Wiedemann, 1828 )
status

Treatment

Cerozodus nodicornis ( Wiedemann, 1828) View in CoL

( Figs 5–12 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 , 23 View FIGURE 23 )

Asilus nodicornis Wiedemann, 1828: 469 View in CoL ; Schiner, 1866: 687 (species list); Williston, 1891: 91 (catalogue).

Erax nodicornis ; Macquart, 1838: 224 (species list).

Erax? nodicornis View in CoL ; Walker, 1855: 638 (key and species list).

Cerozodus nodicornis View in CoL ; Bigot, 1857: 532, 543 (classification and key); Kertész, 1909: 244 (catalogue); Bromley, 1946: 115 (catalogue); Carrera, 1946: 250, figs. 1–14 (neotype designation and redescription); Hull, 1962 (2): 484, figs. 372, 712, 1399, 1408, 2442, 2443 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 72 (catalogue); Schumann, 1973: 138 (type catalogue); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 1–11 (key and catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, Rafael & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2013: 181 View Cited Treatment , figs. 1–13 (revision); Lamas & Camargo, 2021 (CTFB catalogue).

Diagnosis. Face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae whitish with a few brown macrosetae above ( Figs 5C–D View FIGURE 5 , 7C–D View FIGURE 7 ); scape and pedicel yellow; postpedicel black, discoidal or rounded; second article of stylus with a distinct, ventral, rounded lobe (in males) ( Figs 6A–B View FIGURE 6 , 8A–B View FIGURE 8 ); wings yellowish translucent ( Figs 6C View FIGURE 6 , 8C View FIGURE 8 ); legs dark yellow to brown ( Figs 5A View FIGURE 5 , 7A View FIGURE 7 ); terminalia dark yellow to reddish brown; epandrial arms slender, diminishing and smoothly inwardly curved apically ( Figs 6E–G View FIGURE 6 , 8E–G View FIGURE 8 ); hypandrium rectangular with a tongue-like projection at mid-posterior margin, rounded distally ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ); gonocoxite with a ventral, sub-apical U-shaped indentation ( Fig. 10D–E View FIGURE 10 ) and laterally with a very short, sub-apical conic projection ( Fig. 10B–C View FIGURE 10 ); gonostylus slender ( Fig. 10F View FIGURE 10 ).

Redescription. Holotype male ( Figs 5–6 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ). Head ( Fig. 5C–D View FIGURE 5 ): eyes black; face reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity becoming whitish on lower facial margin and lower parafacial area; mystacal macrosetae and setae whitish pale with a few brown macroseta above and on lower parafacial area; gena black, whitish and yellowish pruinose; palpus yellow, darker at tip, dark yellow setose, whitish ventrally; proboscis black with dark reddish tip and yellow at base; labial and proboscial setae whitish; frons black with yellowish pruinosity, apruinose small spot above antennal socket; orbital setae dark yellow to brown; ocellar tubercle black, sparsely yellowish pruinose with two proclinate black setae arising shortly behind posterior ocelli; vertex yellowish pruinose; occiput whitish pruinose; 10 yellowish to dark yellow postocular macrosetae; occipital and lower occipital setae white. Antenna ( Fig. 6A–B View FIGURE 6 ): scape and pedicel yellow, scape with apex dark brown; scape and pedicel brown setose, except scape ventrally yellow setose; scape and pedicel scarcely yellow pruinose; postpedicel slightly shorter than scape, rounded in lateral view, laterally compressed with truncate apex, black, except connection with pedicel dark yellow, scattered brown pruinose, with 4–5 extremely short pale setae mid-dorsally; stylus black, first article tubular, extremely short; second article with a basal rounded, laterally compressed projection, ventrally directed, almost as large as postpedicel, remainder of article thin, only slightly enlarged sub-apically and tapering towards the apex, tip dark yellow.

Thorax ( Figs 5A–B View FIGURE 5 , 6D View FIGURE 6 ): brown; paramedian stripes and pre and postsutural spots dark brown to black pruinose; scutum anterolaterally, laterally and following paramedian stripes until scutellum brown pruinose; postalar wall and scutellum greyish brown pruinose ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ); postpronotal lobe reddish and brown pruinose; mesothoracic spiracle dark yellow; pleura reddish brown, except anterior half of anepisternum, anterior and ventral half of katepisternum and mid-ventral spot on metanepisternum black; pleura greyish brown pruinose. Chaetotaxy:antepronotal macrosetae dark yellow and setae whitish; 2 notopleural; 1 supra alar; 1 postalar and two pairs of postsutural dorsocentral black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae and thin pale yellow setae before postalar callus and on posterior scutal margin; scutellum with short, sparse, yellow discal scutellar setae ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ); katatergite with yellow macrosetae and whitish setae; anepisternum dorsally with short black setae before wing insertion and a few whitish setae posteroventrally; proepisternum whitish setose; remainder of pleura with a few scattered whitish setae.

Wings ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ): yellowish translucent; veins dark brown, except veins Sc, R 1 and veins at base of wing reddish brown; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after middle of discal cell; m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: pale yellow, base of stem and knob slightly darker.

Legs ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ): dark yellow to brown; fore coxa reddish brown, mid and hind black; coxae greyish brown pruinose; trochanters dark yellow with small black spot at tip; femora dark yellow, brownish anteriorly and dorsally; tibiae dark yellow with apical fourth brown; tarsi brownish with tip of tarsomeres brown, tarsi with last tarsomere almost black on apical half. Chaetotaxy: coxae with pale whitish macrosetae and setae; hind trochanter with 3 pale yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 9–10 pale yellow ventral macrosetae; mid femur with 7–8 pale yellow ventral macrosetae, 4–5 anteroventral, 3 anterior and 1 posterodorsal apical black macrosetae; hind femur with 5 anteroventral, 3 anterodorsal (basal one on right side yellow), 1 dorsal preapical, 3 posterodorsal (1 preapical yellow, 2 apical black), 3 posteroventral (yellow) and 1 ventral (yellow) black macrosetae; fore and mid femora with anterior and dorsal setae black, ventral and posterior pale yellow, on hind femur only anteroventral setae black remainder pale yellow; tibiae with black macrosetae and black setae anteriorly, other setae pale yellow; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae, except by a few sparse pale yellow setae on first tarsomeres; brush setae yellowish; pulvilli dark yellow; empodium reddish yellow; claws black, except basal extremity reddish.

Abdomen ( Fig. 5A–B View FIGURE 5 ): brown to dark brown; greyish brown pruinose; T1 with 3 pale yellow lateral marginal macrosetae and pale yellow seta laterally and on posterior margin; T2–7 with 4 pale yellow lateral marginal macrosetae; T8 with 5–6 black lateral marginal macrosetae; T2–8 with short mid-dorsal black setae and laterally with short pale yellow setae; sternites reddish brown with greyish pruinosity, and sparsely whitish to pale yellow setose; S8 with 5–6 pale yellow (inner macrosetae black) macrosetae.

Terminalia ( Figs 6E–G View FIGURE 6 , 8E–G View FIGURE 8 , 9–10 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 ): dark yellow to reddish brown; epandrium reddish brown at base and laterally ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ), apical half and ventrally dark yellow, inner apical margin of epandrial arms with a thin black band ( Fig. 6E–F View FIGURE 6 ); cercus and subepandrial sclerite brown; gonocoxite dark yellow, except anterodorsally reddish brown ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ); gonostylus and hypandrium dark yellow; epandrium with short dorsal and lateroventral apical black setae, other setae pale yellow; cercus yellowish setose; hypandrium with pale yellow setae, except ventrally and apically with black setae; gonocoxite without setae; epandrial arms slender, diminishing and smoothly inwardly curved apically ( Figs 9B–C, 9G–H View FIGURE 9 ), rounded and with a smaller ventral rounded projection in lateral view ( Figs 9A, 9I View FIGURE 9 ); cercus conical; subepandrial sclerite conical with a small triangular projection at base laterally ( Fig. 10H–I View FIGURE 10 ); hypandrium rectangular with a tongue-like projection at mid-posterior margin, rounded distally ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ); gonocoxite rounded and slightly inwardly curved apically ( Fig. 10B–C View FIGURE 10 ) with a ventral, sub-apical U-shaped indentation ( Fig. 10D–E View FIGURE 10 ) and laterally with a very short, sub-apical conic projection ( Fig. 10B–C View FIGURE 10 ); gonostylus slender with two very short, comma-like projections, one on external margin sub-apically and other mid-ventrally, sparsely covered with short setae dorsally ( Fig. 10F View FIGURE 10 ).

Length. Body: 14.9 mm; wing: 9.6 mm.

Holotype condition. Scutum with a hole posteriorly (after pin) ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ); right wing with cell m 2 damaged at posterior margin ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ); specimen dusty, mainly abdomen and terminalia ( Fig. 5–6 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ).

Remarks. The description of the external characters of the male terminalia is based on the holotype ( Fig. 6E–G View FIGURE 6 ), but characters after dissection are based on additional specimens from Batatais, São Paulo ( Fig. 9–10 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 ). The specimen designated by Carrera (1946) as a neotype ( Fig. 7–8 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 ) was not dissected but its external morphological characters were compared with the redescription of the holotype and other specimens and observed differences were commented on in the variation section.

Female ( Fig. 11–12 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 ). Similar to the male ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ), except that the second article of stylus with only a small dilatation basally, almost indistinguishable in some specimens ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ), contrasting with the broad basal projection present in males ( Figs 6A–B View FIGURE 6 , 8A–B View FIGURE 8 ); terminalia shining black ( Fig. 12B–D View FIGURE 12 ); T8 and T9+10 dark reddish laterally; S8 reddish basally and apically; T8, T9+10 with few scattered, short yellow setae; cercus with yellow setae; S8 with short yellow setae proximally mixed with some longer black setae; two spermathecae ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ) reaching T7 ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork ( Fig. 12G–H View FIGURE 12 ); apodeme of genital fork approximately ¼ of the length of lateral sclerites ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ), conical with triangular apex proximally ( Fig. 12G View FIGURE 12 ) and a concave indentation distally ( Fig. 12G View FIGURE 12 ), in lateral view with a dorsal keel resembling a Portuguese man o’ war ( Fig. 12H View FIGURE 12 ); medial sclerite present ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ).

Variation. Carrera (1946) mentioned in his redescription that some degree of variation was present on the lobular expansion at the base of the second article of stylus. In some males it is as large as the postpedicel and in others as large as almost half of the postpedicel ( Figs 6A–B View FIGURE 6 , 8A–B View FIGURE 8 ). We also observed small variations on the shape of the second article of the stylus which is reduced and more enlarged in a few males, and also in the shape of the apex of the postpedicel which can be rounded, truncate or with its ventral margin more pronounced in the direction of the lobular expansion of the second article of the stylus; mystax with black macrosetae and only a few white macrosetae restricted to the oral border.

Taxonomic discussion. As pointed out by Vieira et al. (2013), Carrera (1946) wrongly designated a neotype and allotype for C. nodicornis believing that the type material of this species had been lost. However, Schumann (1973) listed the type in the MfN collection. Thus, according to article 75.8 of the ICZN (1999), if the name-bearing type presumed to be lost is found still to exist, the rediscovered material becomes again the name-bearing type and the neotype is set aside. In this work, the redescription of C. nodicornis was based on the holotype described by Wiedemann (1828). The neotype and additional specimens identified by Carrera (1946) from Batatais, São Paulo state, were also compared and corroborated with the holotype described by Wiedemann (1828). The male and female specimens dissected in this work are also from Batatais, São Paulo.

Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás (new record) and São Paulo) ( Fig. 23 View FIGURE 23 ).

Material examined. Holotype. Brasilien [ BRAZIL] / 2040 / Holotypus / c2ed22 {QR Code} ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 [insert]) (♂ MfN) . Additional material. [ BRAZIL]: Faz. [enda] Aceiro, Jataí [17°52′51″S 51°42′50″W], Goiás —Brasil, x.1962 Exp. [edição] Dep. [artamento] Zool. [ogia] (1 ♀ MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; BRASIL: MS[Mato Grosso do Sul]: Rio Verde , S 18°09′38.7″ W 54°09′00.1″ Malaise 39, 30.viii–14.ix.2012 Lamas, Nihei & eq. col. SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP (1 ♂ MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; Corguinho, Taboco, Reserva Quinta do Sol , S 19°46′36.8″ W 55°14′55.7″, Malaise 14, 29.viii– 29.ix.2012 (4 ♂ & 4 ♀ MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; Same data, 29.ix–12.x.2012 (2 ♂ & 1 ♀ MZUSP) ; 12.x–12.xi.2012 (2 ♂ & 2 ♀ MZUSP); 12–29.xi.2012 (1 ♂ & 2 ♀ MZUSP); GoogleMaps S 19°46′40.8″ W 55°14′59.0″, Malaise 12, 29.viii–12.ix.2012 (2 ♂ & 6 ♀ MZUSP); GoogleMaps 12–29.ix.2012 (7 ♂ & 6 ♀ MZUSP); 29.ix–12.x.2012 (3 ♂ & 4 ♀ MZUSP); S 19°46′45.4″ W 55°14′36.2″, Malaise 13, 29.viii–12.ix.2012 (5 ♂ & 3 ♀ MZUSP); GoogleMaps 12.ix–29.ix.2012 (7 ♂ & 2 ♀ MZUSP); [ BRASIL], S.[ão] Paulo , Batatais [20°53′27″S 47°35′06″W], Pde.[Padre] Pereira col. x.[1]945 / Cerozodus nodicornis (Wied., 1828) M. Carrera det. [19]45 / Neotipo [neotype] / MZ 001357 ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 [insert]) (1 ♂ MZUSP); GoogleMaps S.[ão] Paulo, Batatais, Pde. [Padre] Pereira col. x.[1]945 / Cerozodus nodicornis (Wied., 1828) M. Carrera det. [19]45 / Alotipo [allotype] ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 [insert]) (1 ♀ MZUSP); S.[ão] Paulo, Batatais, Pde. [Padre] Pereira col.[etor] x.[1]945 (14 ♀ MZUSP); Same data, Cerozodus nodicornis (Wied., 1828) M. Carrera det. [19]45 (1 ♂ {abdomen damaged}, 2 ♀ & 1 {abdomen damaged, not possible to distinguish the sex} MZUSP); ix.[1]945 (1 ♂ & 2 ♀ MZUSP); Batatais, S. [ão] P.[aulo] Brasil; x.1946 Pe. [Padre] Pereira col.[etor] (6 ♂ & 7 ♀ MZUSP) .