Neogyptis rosea Pleijel & Rouse & Sundkvist & Nygren, 2012

Pleijel, Fredrik, Rouse, Greg W., Sundkvist, Tobias & Nygren, Arne, 2012, A partial revision of Gyptis (Gyptini, Ophiodrominae, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida), with descriptions of a new tribe, a new genus and five new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 165 (3), pp. 471-494 : 476-479

NEOGYPTIS ROSEA ( MALM, 1874) COMB. NOV.

( FIGS 2 , 3 )

Ophiodromus roseus Malm, 1874: 82 .

Gyptis rosea Eliason, 1962: 238–240 , figure 9; Haaland & Schram, 1982: 107–118, figures 1–9; Pleijel, 1993a: 172–176, figures 9, 10: figure 26; Hartmann-Schröder, 1996: 132 [not G. rosea sensu Hartmann-Schröder (1971: 132–134 , figure 43, and Helgason et al. (1990)]

Type material: Holotype ( NHMG 901 ).

Type locality: Sweden, Bohuslän , Gullmarsfjorden, 82 m, mud .

Material examined: SWEDEN. Holotype ( NHMG 901 ), Bohuslän , Gullmarsfjorden , 82 m, mud; two specimens (spms; NHMG 12805 a, b), Gullmarsfjorden, Skår, 110 m, mud, 25.v.1963; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), Bohuslän, Singlefjord, 59°04′N, 11°10′E, 80–84 m, mud, detritus sledge, collected by (coll.) FP 27.xii.1988; two spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), same locality data, coll. FP 14.vi.1989; six spms ( FP collection, four fixed in formaldehyde), same locality data, coll. FP 11.iv.1990; three spms ( FP collection, fixed in osmium and mounted on SEM stubs), same locality data, coll. FP 26.ii.1991; five spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), same locality data, coll. FP 2.ix.1991; five spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), same locality data, coll. FP 15.ix.1991; six spms ( FP collection, four fixed in formaldehyde, two fixed in osmium and mounted on SEM stubs), Bohuslän, Koster area , W Svartskär, 58°54.5′N, 11°05.0′E, 100–150 m, mud, dredge, coll. FP 22.ix.1989; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), Bohuslän, Koster area , South of Yttre Vattenholmen , 58°52′N, 11°06′E, 50–140 m, mud, dredge, coll. FP 1.x.1990; four spms ( FP collection, fixed in 95% ethanol), Bohuslän, Koster area , S Yttre Vattenholmen, 58°52.31′N, 11°05.89′E, 196–210 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 28.xi.1995; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in osmium and mounted on stub), same locality data, coll. FP 17.viii.1991; two spms (one fixed in formaldehyde and one in osmium and mounted on SEM stub), same locality data, coll. FP 7.ix.1991; three spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°08′N, 10°07′E, 295 m, grab, 27.vi.1933; two spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°02.5′N, 09°29.5′E, 478 m, grab, 30.vi.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°02.5′N, 09°29.5′E, 427 m, grab, 1.vii.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°21′N, 08°56′E, 225 m, grab, 2.vii.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°02.7′N, 08°13.5′E, 241 m, grab, 4.vii.1933; four spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 57°50′N, 08°51′E, 358 m, grab, 5.vii.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 57°45′N, 08°07′E, 421 m, grab, 6.vii.1933; three spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 57°52′N, 08°01′E, 510 m, Agassiz trawl, 6.vii.1933; two spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 57°58′N, 06°44′E, 384 m, grab, 7.vii.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°59.5′N, 06°27′E, 290 m, dredge, 12.vii.1933; six spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°22′N, 10°34′E, 270 m, Agassiz trawl, 14.vii.1933; five spms ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°30′N, 10°26′E, 300 m, Agassiz trawl, 15.vii.1933; one spm ( ZMUU), Skagerrak, 58°30′N, 10°32.5′E, 175 m, Agassiz trawl, 15.vii.1933; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in 95% ethanol), Bohuslän, Persgrunden, 58°43.014′– 58°42.96′N, 10°51.89.044′– 10°51.790′E, 44–64 m, mud and stones, dredge, coll. FP 3.ix.2004; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in 95% ethanol), Bohuslän, Koster area , North of Nord Hällsö , 58°58.335– 58°58. 415′N, 11°04.348– 11°04. 414′E, 134– 129 m, mud, dredge, coll. FP 26.iii.2007; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in osmium and mounted on SEM stub), Bohuslän, Koster area , S Yttre Vattenholmen, 58°52.132′– 58°51.809′N, 11°06.235′– 11°06.434′E, 170 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 16.i.2006; two spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), Bohuslän, Koster area , S Yttre Vattenholmen, 58°51.905′N, 11°06.511′E, 125 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 26.vi.2007; two spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), Bohuslän, Koster area, S Yttre Vattenholmen, 58°52.425′– 58°51.905′N, 11°06.053′– 11°06.511′E, 130–140 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 5.x.2007; two spms ( FP collection, fixed in formaldehyde), same locality data, coll. FP 10.x.2007; one spm ( FP collection, fixed in 95% ethanol), Bohuslän, Koster area, S Yttre Vattenholmen, 58°52.238′N, 11°06.274′E, 110– 133 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 15.xii.2009. NORWAY. One spm ( ZMUB), Skagerrak, 57°49.5′N, 08°12.5′E, 500 m, RP-sledge, 15.iii.1990; one spm ( ZMUB), Skagerrak, 57°59′N, 08°40′E, 500 m, RP-sledge, 15.iii.1990; one spm ( FP collection), Trondheimsfjorden, 63°27.90′N, 10°06.40′E, 503 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 21.viii.1995; ten spms ( FP collection, fixed in ethanol, four destroyed for DNA sequencing), Trondheimsfjorden, 63°29.24′N, 10°22.43′E, 271–334 m, mud, detritus sledge, coll. FP 15.i.2002.

Description: Length up to 11 mm for 36 segments. Live animals transparent with light yellow gut; eyes brownish black. Body outline in dorsal view elliptical with median parapodia much longer than anterior and posterior ones ( Fig. 2A, B ). Prostomium rounded rectangular, wider than long ( Fig. 3A ). Palpophores cylindrical, palpostyles evenly tapering to rounded tips; palpophores and palpostyles of equal length ( Fig. 3A, B ). Paired antennae as long as palps but much thinner, tapering, distal-most third forming demarcated tips. Median antenna of similar shape to paired antennae but much shorter, inserted centrally on dorsal part of prostomium ( Fig. 3A ). Eyes small, anterior pair larger and positioned slightly further apart. Nuchal organs ciliated bands along lateral sides of prostomium ( Fig. 3A, B ). Lip pads absent. Proboscis with rugose surface on proximal ring, distal ring smooth, opening with terminal ring of long, thin papillae ( Fig. 3A, B ), number 35–80 (size-dependent). Non-everted proboscis reaching segment 10. Anterior segmental delineations indistinct, most part of segment 1 dorsally reduced. Dorsal cirri and cirrophores segment 1–5 much longer and stouter than following ones, with dorsal cirri segment 1 reaching about segment 10, dorsal cirri segment 2 reaching about segment 18, dorsal cirri segment 3 reaching about segment 12, dorsal cirri segment 4 reaching about segment 18, and dorsal cirri segment 5 reaching about segment 17 ( Fig. 2A, B ). Ventral cirri segment 1–4 with welldelineated cirrophores and longer and stouter cirri than on following segments, with ventral cirri segment 1 reaching about segment 7, ventral cirri segment 2 reaching about segment 9, ventral cirri segment 3 reaching about segment 7, and ventral cirri segment 4 reaching about segment 10 ( Fig. 2A, B ). Segment 5 with neuropodial lobes, neurochaetae, and ventral cirri similar to following segments, segment 6 with notopodial lobes and notochaetae. Elevated and slightly stouter dorsal cirri on segment 8, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23. Dorsal cirri reaching as far as or slightly further than chaetae. Weakly developed transverse dorsal ridges across median and posterior segments. Notopodial aciculary lobes conical. Notochaetae of three kinds; few dorsally bent aciculary chaetae emerging near tip of acicula, large number of capillary chaetae with two alternating rows of teeth ( Fig. 3D ), and few, ventrally positioned curved chaetae with conical side subdistally serrated ( Pleijel, 1993a: fig. 1H). Prechaetal neuropodial lobes elongated rounded to conical ( Fig. 1C ). Forty to 50 neurochaetae, all unidentate compounds, dorsal and median blades up to five times longer than ventral ones. Usually double noto- and neuroaciculae. Ventral cirri inserted distally near tip of neuropodium, tapering to fine points ( Fig. 3E ). Pygidium with long pygidial cirri, similar in shape to dorsal cirri; pygidial papilla absent.

Biology: Females with eggs found in Sweden in April to August, the former immature. Mature eggs pink ( Fig. 2A, B ), about 50–60 Mm in diameter (the colour of mature females explains Malm’s choice of the specific epithet ‘rosea’). Haaland & Schram (1982) provide descriptions of both adults and juvenile stages from the Oslofjord.

Habitat: Mud, 44–510 m.

Distribution: Northern part of the Swedish west coast, Skagerrak, the Oslofjord, and the Trondheimsfjord.

Remarks: Records and descriptions of N. rosea (as Gyptis rosea ) by Hartmann-Schröder (1971) and Helgason et al. (1990) refer to members of Gyptis sensu stricto, rather than to Neogyptis , possibly to G. propinqua .

Figures

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Amphidurini, new tribe, and Neogyptis gen. nov. Majority rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis together with support values from the maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses (with the third positions excluded). First node values represent posterior probabilities from the Bayesian analysis, second bootstrap support from the maximum likelihood analysis, and third jackknife support from the parsimony analysis. Asterisks denote 1.0 posterior probabilities or 100% bootstrap support. Only values ± 0.75 and 75%, respectively, are displayed. Branch length of the two outgroups are truncated and the values are instead given within parentheses after the taxon names.

Figure 2. Neogyptis rosea comb. nov., live relaxed mature female from Bohuslän, Sweden, 10.5 mm long excluding cirri. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.

Figure 3. Neogyptis rosea comb. nov., scanning electron microscopy photographs of specimens from Bohuslän, Sweden. A, anterior end, anterodorsal view. B, anterior end, right side. C, median parapodia, anterodorsal view. D, capillary notochaetae with alternating rows of teeth. E, median parapodia, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 250 Mm, C and E 100 Mm, D 10 Mm; A and B same scale.