Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881

Shah, Syed Ishfaq Ali, Ahmad, Azaz, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2019, First record of Holoptilinae from Pakistan, with the redescription of Holoptilus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Zootaxa 4695 (6), pp. 541-549 : 542-547

Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881

( Figs 1–18 )

Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881: 272 .

Holoptilus fasciatus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 94) ; Distant (1903: 200); Maldonado-Capriles (1990: 338); Ambrose (2006: 2401).

Redescription. Macropterous male. Colouration: Dorsum of head, antennae, margins of pronotum, posterior portion of scutellum, veins of corium, legs, connexivum golden yellow or flavous; venter of head, labium, ventrolateral thoracic area, acetabula including coxae dark-mustard; eyes and ocelli flavous-ferruginous; fore lobe of pronotum brown while hind lobe dark-mustard with combination of white adpressed hairs; base of scutellum piceous; hemelytra diaphanous, white, cream and piceous colored; cells of corium and clavus hyaline; hind wings diaphanous milky white; abdomen flavous-ferruginous, anteriorly abdomen golden yellow while the rest portion with dark-mustard, dark-brownish and piceous.

Structure: Body ( Fig. 1 ) generally shining; body clothed with golden yellow, stiff, serrate setae, originating from dark-brown tubercles; venter of head, labium ( Fig. 4 ), hind lobe of pronotum ( Fig. 2 ) with dark-brown, stiff, serrate setae; antennae clothed with golden yellow, stiff, serrate setae and piceous black setae ( Fig. 5 ); abdominal trichome covered with black, piceous and creamy central-lined combed setae ( Figs 11–12 ); rest abdominal portion with adpressed white serrate setae and very fine short and long setae.

Head ( Figs 1–2, 4 ) oval; frons with 1+1 stiff, serrate setae apically and another 1+1 laterally; antenniferous tubercles situated close to eyes, opening anteroventrally, with 1+1 serrate setae at base; eyes reniform ( Fig. 4 ), protruding laterally; posterior part of head with 4+4 stiff, serrate setae laterally, originating from distinct, wart-like tubercles; elevated portion of posterior part of head with a cluster of 17–19 stiff, serrate setae; posterior margin of head with adpressed white hairs and 4+4 stiff, serrate setae; bucculae with 4–6+4–6 serrate setae; gula produced into 2+2 tubercles each bearing a serrate seta apically; gena with 5–7+5–7 stiff, serrate setae. Labium ( Fig. 4 ) thick, first visible segment longest, bearing 11+11 serrate setae, third visible segment sharp at apex, rest in well developed stridulitrum ( Fig. 3 ). Antennae ( Fig. 5 ) 4-segmented, the relative lengths of segments I<III<IV<II; first segment swollen, with 3+3 apical and 1+1 basal stiff, serrate setae along few thin hairs; second segment curved, clothed with stiff, serrate setae much longer than its diameter; third and fourth segments narrowed at base while wide apically, with several stiff, serrate setae intermixed with fine hairs.

Pronotum ( Figs 1–2 ) 2.12–2.17 times as wide as median length, densely clothed with white adpressed hairs and stiff, serrate setae; collar region with 1+1 stiff setae; anterior and posterior lobes indistinctly separated; anterior lobe much smaller than posterior lobe, with two distinct oval to semicircular rings, each bearing 3+3 stiff setae while 1+1 inclined medially; humeral angle rounded, lateral margin with 8–10+8–10 stiff setae anteriad of humeral angle, and about 13+13 stiff setae posteriad of humeral angle; disc of posterior lobe centrally elevated, laterally plane, with approximately 50 stiff, serrate setae irregularly situated; posterior margin nearly straight. Scutellum ( Fig. 2 ) subtriangular, with 3+3 serrate setae at basal angle and 9–11 serrate setae at lateral margin. Thorax densely covered with curved, adpressed white setae dorsolaterally ( Figs 2, 4 ). Prosterum ( Fig. 3 ) with wide total-striate stridulitrum ( Cai et al. 1994). Hemelytron ( Fig. 6 ) wide, surpassing abdomen by nearly its apical half; costal margin severally curved, apical margins ovate, anal margins nearly straight; corium short, with 3 distinct cells, veins robust, with stiff, serrate setae; clavus conspicuous; membrane very large, with 2 piceous-black irregular patches, M free, Cu and A 1+2 connected subapically to form an elongated cell. Hindwing as shown in Fig. 7 . Legs ( Fig. 1 ) densely clothed with stiff, serrate setae; fore and mid legs relatively short, covered with relatively short and thin setae; coxae of hind legs more conspicuous than fore and mid legs; hind femur thick; hind tibia long, curved apically, covered with relatively long setae than the respective femur; tarsi 2-segmented, first segment very short; pretarsi long, with few serrate setae, claws well developed.

Abdomen ( Figs 8, 11–12 ) rounded oval; dorsal abdominal glands located on anterior margin of tergites V and VI ( Fig. 8 ); tergite VII triangular; tergite VIII dorsally membranous, with fine serrate setae; connexivum with long, stiff, serrate setae laterally; sternites ( Fig. 11 ) with prominent spiracles and long, stiff, serrate setae; trichome ( Figs 11–12 ) well developed, conical shaped, located on most elevated portion, clothed with white adpressed serrate setae, long thin and short hairs, apex with black, piceous and creamy central-lined combed hairs. Male genitalia ( Figs 9–10 , 13–18 ): Pygophore ( Figs 13–15 ) oblong ovate, dorsally membranous, ventral rim forming a transverse ridge posteriorly, median projection broadly flattened; parameres ( Figs 9–10 ) strongly curved, sickle-shaped, broadened at base and apically narrowed; articulatory apparatus ( Fig. 16 ) restricted to the extreme base of phallus, basal plates extended with support bridge prolongations; phallosoma with large, membranous basal aula ( Fig. 17 ); tubular endosoma with pair of sclerotized plates, each sclerotized plate articulated with strut; strut subdivided into two portions ( Figs 16–18 ), basal portion extended to about middle of phallotheca and apical portion flattened, whip-like, far protruding from phallotheca.

Measurements [in mm, ♂ (n=4)]. Body length to apex of forewing = 5.71–6.44; body length to apex of abdo- men = 3.61; length of head = 0.91–0.94; width across eyes = 0.88; interocular distance = 0.55; interocellar distance = 0.26–0.29; anteocular distance = 0.39–0.40; postocular distance = 0.38–0.50; lengths of antennal segments I, II, III, IV = 0.35, 3.10–3.25, 0.41, 0.55–0.59; lengths of visible labial segments I, II, III = 0.82–0.84, 0.15–0.16, 0.14; length of pronotum along meson = 0.91–0.94, humeral width = 1.98–2.00; length of scutellum = 0.52–0.65; basal width of scutellum = 0.21–0.26; length of forewing = 5.45–5.85; greatest width of forewing = 2.15–2.25; length of hindwing = 2.35–2.45; lengths of fore femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus = 1.25–1.41, 1.60–2.00, 0.45–0.53, 0.13– 0.15; length of mid femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus = 1.30–1.35, 2.00–2.08, 0.48–0.51, 0.15–0.17; length of hind femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus = 1.61–1.72, 3.85–3.91, 0.50–0.57, 0.15–0.17; length of abdomen = 1.91–2.21; greatest width of abdomen = 1.79–1.81.

Materials examined. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Khyber Agency, Tirah Valley , viii.2017, leg. Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah.

Distribution. Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, new record); India (West Bengal).

Remarks. Holoptilus fasciatus is similar to H. melanospilus ( Walker, 1873) morphologically, but it can easily be separated from the latter by the smaller body size (about 6 mm in H. fasciatus vs. about 8 mm in H. melanospilus ), fore wing twice as long as abdomen (vs. fore wing more than twice as long as abdomen in H. melanospilus ), and the different fore wing pattern (bigger and darker apical patch in H. fasciatus vs. smaller and incomplete patch in H. melanospilus ).

Biological notes. Specimens of H. fasciatus were collected from low spineless bushes far from cultivated areas, near spiny shrubs ( Fig. 19 ) during the partial cloudy weather in late afternoon, using a sweep net. Tirah Valley is a relatively cold locality within Pakistan.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881, ♂, habitus. Scale bar = 1.00 mm.

FIGURES 2–5. Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881. 2, Head, notum and scutellum; 3, head and stridulitrum; 4, head and notum; 5, antenna. 2, 5, dorsal view; 3, ventral view; 4, lateral view. Scale bar of 2, 4 = 0.5 mm; of 3 = 0.25 mm; of 5 = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 6–7. Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881. 6, Hemelytron; 7, hindwing. 6, 7, dorsal view. Scale bar of 6 = 1.0 mm; of 7 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 8–12. Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881. 8, 11–12, Abdomen; 9–10, paramere. 8, 9–10 dorsal view; 11, lateral view; 12, ventral view. Scale bar of 8–12 = 0.5mm.

FIGURES 13–18. Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881. 13–15, Pygophore; 16–18, phallus. 13, 16, dorsal view; 14, 17, lateral view; 15, 18, ventral view. Scale bar of 13–15 = 0.5 mm; of 16–18 = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitat of Holoptilus fasciatus Reuter, 1881 in Tirah Valley, Pakistan.