Tetraclita squamosa ( Bruguiere , 1789)

Pitriana, Pipit, Valente, Luis, von Rintelen, Thomas, Jones, Diana S., Prabowo, Romanus E. & von Rintelen, Kristina, 2020, An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia, ZooKeys 945, pp. 17-83 : 17

Tetraclita squamosa ( Bruguiere, 1789) Figure 17a-k , Table 1: species no. 63

Balanus squamosus Bruguière, 1789: 170, pl. 165 figs 9, 10.

Lepas fungites Spengler, 1790: 189.

Lepas porosa Gmelin, 1791: 3212; Wood 1815: pl. 9 fig. 4.

Tetraclita squamulosa Schumacher, 1817: 91.

Asemus porosus : Ranzani 1820: pl. 3 figs 32-35.

Conia porosa : Sowerby 1823: pl. 1.

Tetraclita porosa var. (3) viridis Darwin, 1854a: 329.

Tetraclita porosa viridis : Nilsson-Cantell 1921: 364.

Tetraclita squamosa squamosa : Pilsbry 1916: 251; Dong et al. 1982: 110, fig.

Tetraclita squamosa forma viridis : Broch 1922: 337.

Tetraclita squamosa viridis : Hiro 1936b: 635.

Tetraclita porosa perfecta Nilsson-Cantell, 1931a: 133, pl. II fig. 8a-e.

Tetraclita squamosa : Stebbing 1910: 570; Ren and Liu 1979: 339, pl. 1 figs 1-11; Yamaguchi 1987: 344; Zevina et al. 1992: 45, fig. 30; Chan 2001: 625, fig. 8; Chan et al. 2007 a: 82, fig. 4; Chan et al. 2009a: 195, fig. 167; Pochai et al. 2017: 25, fig.8.

Material examined.

Ambon Island: 17 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 081, Alang, 3°45'11.0"S, 128°01'23.1"E, coll. Adin, 20 Sep 2017; 15 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 082, Dermaga Liang, 3°30'13.3"S, 128°20'34.1"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 30 Aug 2016; 2 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 083, Dermaga Tulehu, 3°35'21.8"S, 128°20'02.8"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 7 Sep 2016; 15 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 084, Doc Tawiri, 3°42'10.1"S, 128°06'13.4"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 29 Mar 2016; 2 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 085, Gudang Arang, 3°42'07.2"S, 128°09'43.7"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 5 Sep 2016; 5 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 086, Hila, 3°34'57.5"S, 128°05'31.9"E, coll. Adin, 20 Sep 2017; 17 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 087, Hutumuri, 3°41'47.6"S, 128°17'44.1"E, coll. P. Pitriana, 14 Jan 2016; 5 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 088, Leahari, 3°42'45.3"S, 128°16'16.5"E, coll. P. Pitriana, 14 Jan 2016; 6 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 089, Tawiri, 3°42'10.1"S, 128°06'13.4"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 5 Sep 2016; 3 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 090, Tulehu, 3°35'21.8"S, 128°20'02.8"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 7 Sep 2016; 7 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 091, Waai, 3°33'23.5"S, 128°19'33.9"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 7 Sep 2016; 2 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 092, Waai, 3°33'23.5"S, 128°19'33.9"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 31 Mar 2017; 45 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 096, Asilulu, 3°40'50.4"S, 127°55'27.6"E, coll. Adin, 20 Sep 2017; 40 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 099, Wakasihu, 3°46'27.6"S, 127°56'36.6"E, coll. Adin, 20 Sep 2017. Saparua Island: 5 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 093, Benteng Durstede, 3°34'32.8"S, 128°39'34.7"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 8 Apr 2016; 6 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 094, Teluk Saparua, 3°34'25.7"S, 128°39'25.8"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 8 Apr 2016; 5 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 095, Teluk Saparua, 3°34'25.7"S, 128°39'25.8"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 22 Sept 2016.

GenBank accession numbers.

COI gene (MK995360-MK995362), 18S (MK981368-MK981373).

Diagnosis.

Shell conical with four plates, tubiferous; radii solid; tergum narrow, concaved, apex beaked.

Description.

Shell consisting of four fused, inseparable plates (Fig. 17a ), parietes with eight rows of multi-tubiferous parietal tubes (Fig. 17b ), external surface with longitudinal lines from base to apex, internal surface smooth, white with purplish grey striations close to aperture; orifice rhomboidal; basis membranous; shell greenish with brownish grey (Fig. 17a ), external surface of operculum brownish grey, internal surface purplish grey; scutum triangular, larger than tergum, external surface with horizontal striations, occluding margin with very shallow teeth; tergum narrow, apex beaked, spur long, sharp (Fig. 17c, d ); mandible with four large teeth, first tooth with three small spines, lower margin pectinate (Fig. 17k ); maxillule notched with two large setae above notch, elevan small setae below notch (Fig. 17j ); labrum with four large teeth on each side of notch; cirrus I with bidentate serrulate setae (Fig. 17e ). Basal length 20.1-30.2 mm, basal width 19.3-28.3 mm, height 11.9-14.2 mm. Orifice length 4.4-7.9 mm, orifice width 3.4-7.2 mm (measurements for five specimens are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S16).

Distribution.

Tetraclita squamosa is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, Australia, South China coast, and Taiwan (Newman 1978; Jones et al. 2001; Chan et al. 2009a). In this study, T. squamosa was found on Ambon Island (at Alang, Dermaga Liang, Dermaga Tulehu, Doc Tawiri, Gudang Arang, Hila, Hutumuri, Leahari, Tawiri, Tulehu, Waai, Asilulu, Wakasihu) and Saparua Island (at Benteng Duurstede and Teluk Saparua) on stone, rocks, shipyards, concrete bridges and walls of the port (a map with the occurrence of Tetraclita squamosa in the Moluccas is shown in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S4).

Remarks.

Tetraclita squamosa has characteristic green parietes ( Yamaguchi 1987) and a wide distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific ( Newman and Ross 1976). However, the taxonomy of Tetraclita squamosa has been confusing due to a high degree of morphological variation, and it is now considered a species complex. Tetraclita squamosa and Tetraclita japonica can be separated using characters such as the shape of the parietes, scutum geometry, and mandible structures ( Darwin 1854; Pilsbry 1916). In addition, a key character for T. squamosa is the tergum with a beak on its apex ( Chan et al. 2009a).

Figures

Figure 17. Tetraclita squamosa (Bruguiere, 1789) (MZB Cru Cir 081 - 3) a upper view b lower view c external view of scutum and tergum d internal view of scutum and tergum e cirrus I f cirrus II g cirrus III h cirrus IV i cirrus VI k maxillule l mandible. Scale bars: 8 mm (a, b); 2 mm (c, d); 1 mm (e, f); 2 mm (g-i); 0.5 mm (j, k).