Sasakia charonda

Lee, Young June, 2009, Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species, Zootaxa 2169, pp. 1-20 : 10

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scientific name	Sasakia charonda
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Sasakia charonda ( Hewitson, [1863])

( Figs. 4, 14)

Diadema charonda Hewitson , [1863]: [3], pl. [10](2–3) [Type locality: Japan].

Sasakia charonda: Seok, 1939 b: 166 ; Seok and Umitatsu, 1942: 188; Kim and Mi, 1956: 398; Lee, 1971: 13; Seok, 1973: 224; Lee, 1973: 6; Shin, 1975: 45; Lee, 1982: 77; Chou, 1994: 452; Lee, 2005: 27.

Euripus coreanus Leech, 1887: 418 [Type locality: “south of Gensan”, Corea] (first record from Korea); Leech, 1893: 149 ( charonda var.); Moore, [1896]: 39 ( Sasakia coreana ).

Sasakia charonda f. coreana: Stichel, 1908: 166 ; Seok, 1939 a: 182; Seok, 1939 b: 166 ( coreanus ); Seok, 1942: 88 (careanus [sic]); Kim and Mi, 1956: 398 ( coreanus ); Seok, 1973: 224 ( coreanus ).

Sasakia charonda coreana: Nire, 1918: 97 (corernus [sic]); Doi, 1919: 123; Doi, 1931: 45 ( Apatura ); Sugitani, 1932 b: 101; Nakayama, 1932: 379; Seok, 1934: 745; Mori et al., 1934: 35; Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 562; Inomata, 1982: xix; Okano, 1998: 6.

Sasakia charonda charonda: Sugitani, 1932 b: 101 ; Seok, 1934: 744; Mori et al., 1934: 35; Seok, 1939 b: 166 ( charonda f.); Seok, 1942: 88 ( charonda f.); Kim and Mi, 1956: 398 ( charonda f.); Seok, 1973: 224 ( charonda f.).

Subspecies. The Korean populations are considered to belong to subsp. coreanus .

Adult. Active from mid June to late August (one brood). Males are often seen sitting on the ground or sucking water from the ground. They also feed on decomposing organisms or fermenting sap fluid of oak trees. In the afternoon, they move to mountain peaks or ridges to sit on trees and engage in hilltopping. Females are attracted to fermenting fluids, especially fluxes issuing from oak trees.

Larval host plants. Celtis jessoensis , Celtis sinensis , Aphananthe spp., etc. of Ulmaceae ( Kim 1965) .

Life cycle. The 4 th or 5 th instar larvae hibernate mainly on undersides of fallen leaves on the ground below the food plants ( Fig. 14). See Harada and Igarashi (1993).

Distribution. Korea (excluding northeastern mountainous areas of the Korean Peninsula, but including Jejudo Is. and some adjacent islands of Incheon and Gyeonggi-do), China, Taiwan and Japan.

References

Hewitson, W. C. ([1863]) Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies, selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson, 3. Van Voorst, London. iv + 124 pp., 60 pls.

Moore, F. ([1896]) Lepidoptera Indica, 3. L. Reeve & Co., London. pp. 1 - 48, pls. 191 - 205.

Chou, I. [ed.] (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium, 1 - 2. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou. 854 pp. (In Chinese)

Doi, H. (1919) [A list of butterflies from Korea.] Chosen Iho, 58, 115 - 128. (In Japanese)

Doi, H. (1931) A list of Rhopalocera from Mount Shouyou, Keiki-Do, Korea. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, (12), 42 - 47. (In Japanese)

Harada, M. & Igarashi, S. (1993) On hibernating aspects of nymphalid larvae in Asia. Butterflies, 6, 11 - 18. (In Japanese with English abstract)

Inomata, T. (1982) Appendix. pp. i - xxiv In: Mori, T., Doi, H., & Cho, F., Coloured butterflies from Korea (rep. edn.). Scientist Inc., Tokyo. 30 pls., 86 + 23 + xxiv pp. (In Japanese)

Kim, H. K. & Mi, S. W. (1956) [Correction of the scientific names of Korean butterfly list.] Commemorative Theses for the 70 th Anniversary of Ewha Womans University, Seoul. pp. 377 - 405. (In Korean)

Kim, H. K. (1965) An ecological studies of the butterflies of Korea with emphasis on the hibernation forms and food plants. Journal of Korean Cultural Research Institute, 5, 241 - 258. (In Korean with English abstract)

Kishida, K. & Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)

Lee, S. - M. (1971) The butterflies of Mt. Seol-Ak. Cheong-Ho-Rim Entomological Laboratory Note, 1, 1 - 16. (In Korean)

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Lee, S. - M. (1982) Butterflies of Korea. Editorial Committee of Insecta Koreana, Seoul. 125 pp., 63 pls.

Lee, Y. J. (2005) A list of butterflies from Korea with notes on some changes in scientific names. Lucanus, Seoul, 5, 18 - 28. (In Korean with English abstract)

Leech, J. H. (1887) On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea. - part I. Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1887, 398 - 431, pls. 35 - 36.

Leech, J. H. (1893) Butterflies from China, Japan, and Corea, Part II. R. H. Porter, London. pp. 115 - 285, pls. 14 - 26.

Mori, T., Doi, H., & Cho, F. (1934) Coloured butterflies from Korea. 109 pp., 30 pls. (In Japanese)

Nakayama, S. (1932) A guide to general information concerning Corean butterflies. Bulletin of the Suigen Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, Suwon. pp. 366 - 386, pls. 1 - 3.

Nire, K. (1918) Gen. Apatura Fabricius, 1807, Gen. Sephisa Moore, 1882 and Gen. Sasakia Moore, 1895. In: A catalogue of the butterflies of Japan. The Zoological Magazine, 30, 93 - 98.

Okano, M. (1998) The butterflies of Chejudo (Quelpart Island). Fuji Daigaku Kiyo, 31 (2), 1 - 10, pl. 1.

Seok, D. M. (1934) Papilioj en Koreujo (Unua Raporto). Bulletin of the Kagoshima Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, 1, 631 - 784.

Seok, D. M. (1939 b) A synonymic list of butterflies of Korea (Ty o sen). Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Seoul. xxxl + 391 pp., 2 pls.

Seok, D. M. (1939 a) Travels after butterflies in the plateau Kaima Korea. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 7, 168 - 186. (In Japanese)

Seok, D. M. & Umitatsu, T. J. (1942) Butterflies of S. Heiando. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, 9 (37), 185 - 192. (In Japanese)

Seok, D. M. (1973) The distribution maps of butterflies in Korea. Po Chin Chai, Ltd., Seoul. 517 pp. (In Korean)

Shin, Y. - H. (1975) Notes on the butterflies of Kwangnung, Korea (supplement). Journal of Research Institute of Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 3, 41 - 47. (In Korean with English abstract)

Stichel, H. (1908) Apatura - Hestina. pp. 160 - 193 In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge, I. Abteilung: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Band I: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter: Textband / Tafelband. Stuttgart. 379 pp., 89 pls.

Sugitani, I. (1932 b) On two Corean nymphalid butterflies. Zephyrus, 4, 100 - 102. (In Japanese)