Hista Oiticica, 1955

Moraes, Simeão S., Duarte, Marcelo & González, Jorge M., 2010, Revision of Hista Oiticica (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) and discussion on the validity of its subspecies, Zootaxa 2421, pp. 1-27 : 4-5

Hista Oiticica, 1955

( Figs. 1–78 )

Type species: Castnia hegemon Kollar, 1839: 217 ; by original designation by Oiticica (1955). Athis Houlbert, 1918 (nec Hübner, 1819): 287 (taxonomy).

Hista Oiticica, 1955: 152 (taxonomy); Miller, 1995: 134 (catalogue); Lamas, 1995a: 77 (catalogue).

Diagnosis: Forewing brown with a macula at the end of discal cell and two others at postmedian region, altogether similar to an hourglass shape, three hyaline dots (absent in some females of H. fabricii ) at postmedian end of cells R3-R4, R4-R5, and R5-M1. Uncus with medial lobe rectangular. Posterior margin of lamella postvaginalis sinuous or trimmed.

Redescription. Head. Ferruginous antenna with 60-65 segments. Eye glabrous with white scales covering its posteroventral margin. Clypeus glabrous. Proboscis developed and ferruginous. Labial palp white, 3-segmented, and upturned. Thorax. Ferruginous to dark brown dorsally, white ventrally. Coxa and trochanter whitish or yellowish, other segments brown; tibia without spines, tibial spurs 0:2:4, asymmetrical and well developed; tarsi with spines randomly distributed on posterior surface, first tarsomere with length equal to the sum of the others, arolium subcircular. Forewing triangular with outer margin straight or sometimes rounded in females. Dorsal surface brown, darker basally, with three dark brown spots in the distal region of the discal cell, in the postmedian region near the costal margin and in the postmedian region near inner margin. These spots may coalesce and form a wide band with background color or slightly darker. Ventral surface reddish orange or brown with spots similar to the dorsal surface. Hindwing varying in color pattern, but usually with dorsal surface reddish orange, orange, brown or pale brown; dark brown basally, with two black extradiscal spotband distinctly marked and chamfered along the outer margin. Ventral surface reddish orange, orange, brown or pale brown; spots similar to those of the dorsal surface, but lighter and with extradiscal spotband weakly marked.

Wing venation. Forewing with 14 longitudinal veins. Radial vein with five branches; subcosta separating from R1 at base, ending beyond the half of the length of the costal margin; discal cell closed, with distal end slender, reaching half the length of the costal margin; chorda ellipsoidal and extended rather than the discal cell; R1 and R2 arising from one third and two thirds the length of the discal cell, respectively, both ending at costal margin; R3, R4 and R5 ending at outer margin; R3 + R4 and R5 separate at distal end of the chorda; R3 and R4 stalked, separated beyond the distal half of the costal margin; R3 ending at apex; M2 arising closer to M3 than M1, but equally separated at outer margin; CuA1 arising three fourths the length of the discal cell, and CuA2 at half the length of the discal cell; CuP arising the base of discal cell; accessory cell usually present, beneath discal cell, closed by cross vein m3-cua1; veins 2A and 3A originated at wing base, connected by cross vein 2a-3a; 3A not reaching the outer margin. Hindwing with nine longitudinal veins. Discal cell open. Vein Sc+R1 ending before apex; Rs and M1 stalked one fourth the length of the costal margin; M2, M3, CuA1 and CuA2 arising at the accessory cell formed by the cross vein m3-cua1; 1A+2A and 3A not forked at base and ending at outer margin.

Abdomen. Usually dark brown or white with tergites A1-A3 differing in color from the other segments; ventral surface white or brown.

Male genitalia. Tegumen subrectangular in dorsal view. Uncus with three lobes; medial lobe longer than the lateral ones. Gnathos excavate posteriorly, dorsal and ventral arms sclerotized and fused anteriorly. Posterior margin of valva rounded or slightly triangular distally; upper margin slightly convex in the region of costa, lower margin parallel to the horizontal axis near the region of sacculus, and inclined posterodorsally, inner surface without ornamentation. Vinculum elliptical. Subscaphium weakly sclerotized. Sacculus developed, consisting of a fold on the inner ventro-proximal surface of the valva, oriented towards distalmedial axis. Saccus developed, with two anterior projections rounded apically and curved. Juxta weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus hooked and not twisted; spines absent, the distal lateral carina present; vesica lacking cornuti. Coecum developed, longer than the wider diameter of the ejaculatory bulb foramen, usually ornamented with ridges only anteriorly.

Female genitalia. Eighth tergum with anterior margin concave, uniformly sclerotized or with a central band weakly sclerotized, sometimes extending beyond middle portion, but never reaching the posterior margin; posterior half of the tergite subrectangular or subtriangular. Lamella antevaginalis weakly sclerotized. Lamella postvaginalis with posterior margin sinuous or irregular. Anterior and posterior apophyses well developed, the former two fifths the length of the latter. Papillae anales sclerotized and bristled. Antrum membranous longer than wide. Ductus bursae with a spirally twisted and slightly sclerotized portion near corpus bursae. Signa symmetrical or asymmetrical. Bulla seminalis globular and distinctly ornamented with internal microspicules.

Etymology. The name Hista is an anagram of Athis proposed by Oiticica (1955) as a name for Athis Houlbert, 1918 (nec Hübner 1819). Athis is derived from Latin Attis and is a reference to the Phrygian shepherd, beloved of the goddess Cibele ( Faria 1956).

Species included. Hista fabricii ( Swainson, 1823) and Hista hegemon ( Kollar, 1839) .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Types historically associated to H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 1 - 2. Castnia boisduvalii Walker, 1854, dorsal and ventral views, respectively (here designated as lectotype). 3 – 4. Castnia besckei Ménétriés, 1857, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 5 – 6. Castnia similis Rober, 1927, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 7 – 8. Castnia herrichii Boisduval, 1854, dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale 1 cm.

FIGURES 9 – 16. Types and illustrations historically associated to H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 9 – 10. Castnia papagaya Westwood, 1877 dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 11 – 12. Castnia boisduvali [sic] interrupta Spitz, 1930, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 13 – 14. Castnia papagaya g randensis Strand, 1913, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 15. Original illustration of Castnia fabricii Swainson, 1823. 16. Illustration of Castnia ciela Herrich- Schäffer, [1854]. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURES 17 – 27. Variation in female genitalia of H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 17 – 20. Eighth abdominal tergite, dorsal view. 17. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Timbó, Santa Catarina. 18. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Campos do Jordão, São Paulo. 19. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. 20. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Salesópolis, São Paulo. 21 – 24. Lamella antevaginalis and postvaginalis, ventral view. 21. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Timbó, Santa Catarina. 22. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Campos do Jordão, São Paulo. 23. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. 24. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Salesópolis, São Paulo. 25 – 27. Corpus bursae and signa. 25. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Timbó, Santa Catarina. 26. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Campos do Jordão, São Paulo. 27. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 37. Variation in wing color pattern of females of H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 28 – 29. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 30 – 31. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 32 – 33. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) São Paulo, São Paulo, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 34 – 35. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) without locality, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 36 – 37. H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823) Timbó, Santa Catarina, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURE 38. Distribution of Hista fabricii (Swainson, 1823) and variation of wing color in females.

FIGURE 39. Partial distribution of Hista fabricii (Swainson, 1823) and female genitalia variation. The degree of signa asymmetry (C) follows a smooth cline pattern and decreases from North to South. The variable extension of the medial weakly sclerotized area on the eighth abdominal tergite (A) forms a smooth cline not correlated with latitude or longitude. The shapes of lamella postvaginalis (B) follow a random pattern not correlated with latitude or longitude.

FIGURES 40 – 51. Variation in wing color pattern of males of H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839). 40 – 41. H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) Peruíbe, São Paulo, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 42 – 43. H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) Joinville, Santa Catarina, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 44 – 45. H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 46 – 47. H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) Timbó, Santa Catarina, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 48 – 49. H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. 50 – 51. Hista hegemon menetriesi (Boisduval, [1875]) Brazil. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURES 52 – 53. Hista hegemon (Kollar, 1839), female habitus. 52. Dorsal view. 53. Ventral view. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURE 54. Distribution of H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839) and variation of wing color in males. Although there are differences in extension of the hindwing extradiscal spotband, the different phenotypes may occur in a same locality.

FIGURES 55 – 56. Wing venation of Hista fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 55. Forewing. 56. Hindwing. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURES 57 – 63. Male genitalia of H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 57. Aedeagus, lateral view. 58. Genitalia, lateral view. 59. Genitalia without valva, lateral view. 60. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 61. Valva, internal view. 62. Genitalia, posterior view. 63. Saccus, ventral view. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 64 – 66. Female genitalia of H. fabricii (Swainson, 1823). 64. Dorsal view. 65. Ventral view. 66. Lateral view. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 67 – 68. Wing venation of H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839). 67. Forewing. 68. Hindwing. Scales 1 cm.

FIGURES 69 – 75. Male genitalia of H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839). 69. Aedeagus, lateral view. 70. Genitalia, lateral view. 71. Genitalia without valva, lateral view. 72. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 73. Valva, internal view. 74. Genitalia, posterior view. 75. Saccus, ventral view. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 76 – 78. Female genitalia of H. hegemon (Kollar, 1839). 76. Dorsal view. 77. Ventral view. 78. Lateral view. Scales 1 mm.