Cycloneura Marshall 1896

Jaschhof, Mathias & Kallweit, Uwe, 2009, The Cycloneura Marshall group of genera in New Zealand (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Leiini), Zootaxa 2090, pp. 1-39 : 19-22

Genus Cycloneura Marshall 1896

( Figs 11, 12 , 18 , 30 , 37 , 43 )

Marshall 1896: 289 (description); Tonnoir & Edwards 1927: 823 (supplement to description). Type species. Cycloneura flava Marshall 1896 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. The top of the head is pointed and situated on the same level with the ventral margin of the mesonotum ( Fig. 37 ). The lateral ocelli are close to the eye margins ( Fig. 30 ). The scutum is pointed and protruding anteriorly ( Fig. 37 ). The proepimeron is enlarged ( Fig. 37 ). The meron, if correctly identified, is present above the meeting point of preepisternum 2, mid coxa, anepimeron, and laterotergite ( Fig. 37 ). Sc is short and ends free; M is one-branched; and A1 joins CuA2 to form a closed cup ( Fig. 18 ). The hind margin of the hind coxa is strongly protruding ( Fig. 37 ). The genus-specific combination of male genitalic character states includes the elongate, subtriangular tergite 9; the long gonocoxites with a deep, V-shaped ventral emargination; and the comparatively small gonostyli ( Tonnoir & Edwards 1927: figs 236, 237). In females, gonocoxites 8 are excavated mesally and covered densely with large trichia.

Redescription. Color. Brown with lighter legs. Head. Figs 30 , 37 . Head capsule in lateral view higher than long, pointed on top. Foramen situated clearly above midheight of head. Median convexity of postgenae weakly sclerotized. Frons asetose. Frontal furrow complete. Frontal tubercle one-pointed. Antennae inserted below midheight of head. Scape little longer than pedicel, both setose. Fourteen flagellomeres; individual flagellomere cylindrical, with very short stalk; node much longer than wide, usually slightly longer in males than in females, covered densely with short trichia; setae largely absent except 2 on apical flagellomeres. Numerous fine interommatidial setulae. Three ocelli in wide triangle, situated frontally, median ocellus smaller than laterals, the latter almost in touch with eye margins. Three bristles in line behind upper eye margins, further bristles present in front of ocelli, all bristles directed anteriorly. Face subrectangular, with few fine setae. Clypeus subquadrate, with few fine setae. Labrum very small, subtriangular, asetose. Stipes setose. Lacinia sclerotized, bare. Maxillary palpus long, 5-segmented, with 2 segments proximally of presumed third; basalmost segment weak and asetose; second segment with wartlike sensilla; third segment longest, slender apically, with sensory pit. Prementum weak, asetose. Premental apodemes fused mesally, with 2 posterior processes. Labellum setose laterally; tiny prestomal teeth in long mesal row.

Thorax. Fig. 37 . Flat, scutum index 2.9, episternum index 0.9–1.0. Postpronotum asetose. Antepronotum and proepisternum largely merged, with vestigial suture between; both sclerites with setae and bristles. Proepimeron extending along hind margins of antepronotum and proepisternum; ventroposterior process pointed, fitting into excavation of preepisternum 2. Basisternum 1 asetose. Anepisternum slightly smaller than preepisternum 2, with distinct suture between; asetose like all other pleural sclerites. Anepimeron large, with ventral portion narrow, fading away towards thorax margin. Mid-pleural pit well developed, its mound protruding, pleural apodeme funnel-shaped. Laterotergite bulging, rounded ventrally, subrectangular dorsally. Meron, if correctly identified, present as distinct, weakly sclerotized sclerite ventrally between preepisternum 2 and laterotergite. Scutum pointed and protruding anteriorly, with evenly distributed setae intermingled with bristles. Anterior parapsidal suture not traceable; median transverse suture present. Prescutum not traceable. Scutellum setose, 1 lateral bristle. Mediotergite very slightly curved. Wing. Fig. 18 . Long, wing index 2.7. Membrane with light brown tinge, usually with dark markings subapically and near bend of CuA2; with microtrichia on both sites; setae absent. Calypterous lobe developed, with setose margin. Dmp asetose. Anal lobe very slightly angled. C extending much beyond apex of R5, ending before wing apex. Sc short, ending free. One crossvein (Rs) between R1 and R 5 in proximal half of wing. R1 little shorter than ta, ending at or slightly beyond mid-wing. R5 straight. M one-branched, weak basally. CuA1 detached basally. CuA2 strongly sinuous. A1 joining CuA2 to form a closed cup. CuP very short. A2 absent. Dorsal setae on all veins except h, Sc, Rs, tb, and CuP. Ventral setae on R1 and R5. Halter with light stem and dark knob. Legs. Hind margin of hind coxa strongly protruding. Tibial trichia irregularly arranged. Tarsal trichia partly arranged in lines. Fore tibia shorter than femur, with few anterior setae. Fore tibial organ with semicircular rim, with numerous pale trichia of which the distalmost form a comb. Mid tibial bristles in 2, hind tibial bristles in 3 rows, most bristles clearly longer than tibial diameter. Hind tibial apical comb of pale setae present. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, with serrated rims, on mid and hind tibiae unequal in length. Empodia usually small, larger on fore legs in part of species. Pulvilli not traceable. Claws with 1 large and 1–2 small teeth.

– Morphology in Sigmoleia spp. 55–62: Sigmoleia melanoxantha Edwards. 63–64: Sigmoleia similis sp. n. 55: Male terminalia, ventral view (0.1 mm). 56: Apex of gonocoxal process, dorsal view (0.05 mm). 57: Male terminalia, dorsal view (0.1 mm). 58: Tegmen, ventral view (0.05 mm). 59: Maxillary palpus, lateral view (0.05 mm). 60: Male flagellomere 4, lateral view (0.05 mm). 61: Male antennal flagellomeres 1–5, lateral view (0.1 mm). 62: Female flagellomeres 1–5, lateral view (0.1 mm). 63: Male terminalia, ventral view (0.1 mm). 64: Male terminalia, dorsal view (0.1 mm). antGA = anterior portion of gonocoxal apodeme, postGA = posterior portion of gonocoxal apodeme. Length of scale bar in parentheses.

Abdomen. Setose except sternite 1. Male segments 7 and 8 very short. Weakly pigmented lateral lines (folds?) traceable on tergites 2–6 in both sexes, absent on sternites.

Male terminalia. Large, not rotated. Sternite 9 not traceable. Tergite 9 merged basally with gonocoxites, elongate, subtriangular, evenly setose. Gonocoxites capsule-like, usually with V-shaped ventral emargination and occasionally with complex lobes in various positions. GA short and wide, pointed anteriorly, not connected with parameres. Gonostylus small, inserted distoventrally on gonocoxal capsule, on mesal surface abundantly equipped with macrosetae of various sizes and shapes. Tegmen elongate, sclerotized. Ejaculatory apodeme not traceable. Hypoproct with 4 setae. Cerci largely fused. Female terminalia. Fig. 43 . Tergite 8 very short dorsally, setose laterally. Apex of gonocoxite 8 pointed, with large setae, excavated and with innumerable large mesal trichia. Tergite 9 long, setose. Gonapophyses 9 sclerotized, merged to form common internal structure. Tergite 10 short, merged with sternite 10, both setose. Cerci setose, basicercus little longer than disticercus.

Species included. Our generic redescription is based on the two species named of Cycloneura , C. flava and C. triangulata Tonnoir 1927 , and 6 unnamed species at our disposal. The taxonomy of these species will be treated in a separate paper (Jaschhof & Kallweit, in prep.).

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 12. Specimens in lateral view. 9: Cawthronia nigra Tonnoir, female. 10: Waipapamyia dentata sp. n., female. 11: Cycloneura sp., male. 12: Cycloneura sp., female.

FIGURES 13 – 18. Wings. 13: Paradoxa fusca Marshall, dorsal view. 14: Sigmoleia melanoxantha Edwards, ventral view. 15: Sigmoleia similis sp. n., ventral view. 16: Sigmoleia separata sp. n., dorsal view. 17: Sigmoleia peterjohnsi sp. n., vental view. 18: Cycloneura triangulata Tonnoir, ventral view.

FIGURES 30 – 33. Morphology of Leiini. 30: Head, in frontal view, of Cycloneura Marshall sp. 31: Head, in frontal view, of Tonnwardsia gen. et sp. n. 32: Head, in frontal view, of Paracycloneura apicalis Tonnoir. 33: Thorax, in lateral view, of Paradoxa fusca Marshall. Length of scale bar = 0.1 mm (for 30 – 32) and 0.25 mm (for 33).

FIGURES 34 – 37. Thorax, lateral view. 34: Sigmoleia similis sp. n. 35: Waipapamyia dentata sp. n. 36: Cawthronia nigra Tonnoir. 37: Cycloneura Marshall sp. Length of scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 40 – 44. Female terminalia, lateral view. 40: Paradoxa fusca Marshall. 41: Waipapamyia dentata sp. n. 42: Cawthronia nigra Tonnoir. 43: Cycloneura Marshall sp. 44: Tonnwardsia gen. et sp. n. Length of scale bar = 0.05 mm (for 41) and 0.1 mm (for 40, 42 – 44).