Eurythenes Smith, 1882

Stoddart, Helen E. & Lowry, James K., 2004, The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.), Zoosystema 26 (3), No. 3, pp. 425-468 : 428-429

Genus Eurythenes Smith, 1882

Eurytenes Lilljeborg, 1865a: 11 (non Eurytenes Förster, 1862 , Hymenoptera ); 1865b: 6. — Boeck 1871: 105; 1872: 143. Type species: Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, 1848 , a junior synonym of Gammarus gryllus Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822; by original designation.

Eurythenes Smith, 1882: 135 (nom. nov. for Eurytenes Lilljeborg, 1865 ). — Stebbing 1906: 72. — Schellenberg 1927: 678. — K. H. Barnard 1932: 58. — Stephensen 1933: 12. — Gurjanova 1951: 265. — J. L. Barnard 1961: 34; 1969: 343. — Hurley 1963: 58. — Barnard & Karaman 1991: 485.

Euryporeia Sars, 1891: 85 (invalid replacement for Eurytenes Lilljeborg, 1865 ). — Della Valle 1893: 847. Katius Chevreux, 1905: 1 . — Schellenberg 1927: 681. — K. H. Barnard 1932: 55. Type species: Katius obesus Chevreux, 1905 ; by original designation.

THE GENERIC NAME EURYTHENES AND THE NAME OF THE TYPE SPECIES

Mandt (1822) included in his published thesis a description of the species Gammarus gryllus , which he attributed to Lichtenstein (according to Stebbing 1888: 117). In 1848 H. Milne Edwards established the species Lysianassa magellanica . Lilljeborg (1865a) recorded material which he identified as Lysianassa magellanica , but considered the species to represent a new genus, which he called Eurytenes . Lilljeborg (1865a: 10) clearly stated that “we are accordingly induced to consi- der it [ Lysianassa magellanica ] as the type of a separate genus”. It seems that Lilljeborg was unaware of Mandt’s publication, but Goes (1866) synonymised Lysianassa magellanica with Gammarus gryllus , where it has remained ever since. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999: Article 67.1.2 and Recommendation 67B), the type species of the genus Eurythenes should be cited as: “ Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, 1848 , a junior synonym of Gammarus gryllus Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822”.

Goes (1866) did not accept Lilljeborg’s new genus Eurytenes , and referred to the species as Lysianassa gryllus . Boeck (1871, 1872) and Stuxberg (1880) used the combination Eurytenes gryllus . However, the generic name Eurytenes Lilljeborg is pre-occupied by the braconid wasp genus Eurytenes Förster, 1862 . Smith (in Scudder 1882) recorded the name Eurythenes , which he attributed to Lilljeborg, 1865. It is not clear whether this slight change in spelling was intentional or accidental (Smith did not include the name Eurytenes in his list). Smith (1884a) report- ed collections of Eurythenes gryllus from the east coast of America, the first full use of the now familiar name (the English reprint of Smith’s report [ Smith 1884b] printed the name as Eurysthenes gryllus ). Chevreux (1889) acknowledged that Eurytenes was a pre-occupied name and reservedly accepted Smith’s modification. Sars (1891) recognised the homonymy of Eurytenes Förster and Eurytenes Lilljeborg , but was either unaware of or disregarded Smith’s modification of the name and Chevreux’s acceptance of this modification. He introduced the new generic name Euryporeia . Bonnier (1893) agreed with the hesitancy Chevreux had about Smith’s very slight modification and accepted Sars’ name. Euryporeia was used as the name of the genus until Stebbing (1906) re-instated Smith’s Eurythenes . The name Euryporeia persisted for a little time ( Brüggen 1907; Chevreux 1910; Grieg 1925) but has now been replaced by the nomenclaturally correct Eurythenes . Neave (1939) incorrectly attributed the modification to K. H. Barnard (1932).

According to Lilljeborg, the name Eurytenes is derived from Greek, to signify “widely stretched”, referring to the geographic distribution of the species.

The following synonymy for E. gryllus (and that for E. obesus ) is provided as a guide to the extensive historical and near-recent literature. There are no doubt more citations of which we are not aware, especially in the recent proliferation of technical reports concerning deep-sea faunas.