Leptostylopsis Dillon, 1956

Lingafelter, Steven & Micheli, Charyn, 2009, The genus Leptostylopsis of Hispaniola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Acanthocinini), ZooKeys 17 (17), pp. 1-55 : 4-7

Leptostylopsis Dillon, 1956

Type species: Leptostylus terraecolor Horn, 1880 , by original designation ( Dillon 1956). Maps 1-12 , Figs 1-117

Diagnosis. Leptostylopsis can be confused only with Leptostylus , Fisherostylus Gilmour 1963 , and Styloleptus Dillon 1956 . Leptostylopsis differs from Leptostylus (using primarily the type species L. transversus Gyllenhal ) by its longer scape (not extending beyond middle of pronotum in Leptostylus ); longer antennae (often as long as body or longer) with antennomeres 6-11 longer than 3-5 [except females of L. poeyi ] (in Leptostylus , the antennae are about the length of the body or shorter and 6-11 are subequal to or shorter than 3-5); a well-defined, vertical epipleuron (less defined in Leptostylus ); the mesosternum between mesocoxae at least as wide as a mesocoxa, often 1.1-1.3 × width of mesocoxa (narrower than mesocoxa in most Leptostylus species); and its relatively long terminal ventrite, usually around 2 × as broad as long, with a glabrous midline in females of most species (2.5 × as broad as long and without glabrous midline in most Leptostylus ). Fisherostylus , a monotypic genus which is known only from Cuba and the Bahamas, probably should be synonymized with Leptostylopsis since it shares the features of most species based on our redefinition. However, it is distinctive as a species with its boldly patterned elytra and white pubescent pronotum and cannot be confused with any species from Hispaniola . Styloleptus , which has seven described species in Hispaniola , differs from Leptostylopsis (and Leptostylus ) by the broad, rounded lateral pronotal tubercle positioned at the basal 1/3 of the pronotum and the pronotal disk lacking distinct dorsal calli or tubercles ( Micheli, 2006).

Redescription. Length: 5 mm [small specimens of L. terraecolor (Horn) & L. argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) ] – 15 mm [ L. puntacanaensis , sp. n.]; width (at elytral base): 2 mm [small specimens of L. terraecolor (Horn) ] – 6 mm [ L. puntacanaensis , sp. n.].

Head: Short, broad, flattened anteriorly with vertical frons; covered in dense, appressed, tawny or brown pubescence throughout with exception of narrow, median line on frons (median-frontal line), variably evident in different species, and glabrous line extending from anterior tentorial pits along anterior margin of genae to base of mandible (fronto-genal line). Median-frontal line extending from fronto-clypeal margin to between lower eye lobes [complete to vertex and occiput in L. cristatus (Fisher) or mostly covered by pubescence in L. annulipes (Fisher) , L. milleri (Fisher) , L. viridicomus (Fisher) , L. chlorescens , sp. n., and L. basifulvus , sp. n.]. Fronto-genal line sometimes extending to lower eye-lobe margin as in L. puntacanaensis . Antenna: 11-segmented, without spines or modification to antennomeres; covered with dense, appressed pubescence (white or tawny, but not completely obscuring integument); somewhat less dense along middle parts of antennomeres, mottled in appearance; integument darker at apex and base of most antennomeres, annulate in appearance (except L. humerofulvus , sp. n., that lacks annula on scape). Last antennomere in most species uniformly dark, without annulae, of similar coloration to apex of penultimate antennomere (except some specimens of L. perfasciatus , sp. n., L. puntacanaensis , L. humerofulvus , and L. albosignatus Fisher ). Antennae longer than body in males, extending beyond apices typically by 3-4 antennomeres (4-6 in L. perfasciatus and L. puntacanaensis ). In females, antennae shorter, but still extending beyond elytral apices by at least 3 antennomeres in most species (but less than 1 antennomere in most L. poeyi (Fisher) specimens, at least 4 in L. perfasciatus and L. puntacanaensis ). Dimorphism in antennal length; antennomeres 6-11 relatively longer in males than females. In males, last antennomere usually shorter than penultimate; in females, usually subequal, but still shorter overall than in males. Antennal scape gradually enlarged apically, without cicatrix; extending to posterior 1/3 or 1/4 of pronotum in most species (however, more thickened and shorter in L. poeyi , not extending to middle of pronotum; extending to near posterior margin in L. thomasi , sp. n.). Eye: small, coarsely faceted, deeply notched, embracing moderately prominent antennal tubercle; lower eye lobe usually about as tall as gena below it and over 2 × height of upper eye lobe (however, much smaller in L. terraecolor (Horn) , L. argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) , L. milleri (Fisher) , and L. puntacanaensis ); lobes connected by 4-8 rows of ommatidia in most specimens. Upper eye lobes separated by about greatest width of scape or more in most species (usually about 1.1 × width of scape, but much closer together in L. poeyi and L. humerofulvus ). Mouthparts: frontoclypeal margin with fringe of short pubescence extending to about base of labrum (but longer at sides); clypeus without pubescence except at extreme base. Labrum coated with dense, mostly appressed, white or tawny pubescence with 8-10 long, suberect, translucent setae. Labial and maxillary palpi typical of Lamiinae with apical palpomeres conical, longer and narrower than penultimate.

Thorax: Pronotum with rounded lateral tubercles with greatest projection slightly behind middle in most specimens (more acute in some species: e.g., L. thomasi , L. puntacanaensis , and L. chlorescens , sp. n.); with raised dorsal tubercles of following arrangement: large ovoid prominence at middle (usually the largest, but L. milleri and L. basifulvus , sp. n., are exceptions), surrounded by four other prominences (two anterolateral and two posterolateral). Middle prominence typically highest, partially devoid of pubescence; in some species, anterolateral elevations smaller but more elevated. Pronotum usually with anteromedial and posteromedial elevations at margins. Pronotum mostly covered in appressed, ochraceous, white, off-white, iridiscent green, and/or black pubescence in some combination. Pronotum with black maculae around margins and sometimes at center, in varying patterns; sometimes with ochraceous patches of pubescence (e.g., L. annulipes and L. basifulvus , sp. n.). Pronotum slightly constricted before anterior and posterior margins; constrictions (particularly posteriorly) lined with row of separate, large punctures. Additional punctures scattered over pronotal disk, often mostly obscured by pubescence. Prosternum smooth, impunctate, covered with uniform, appressed pubescence of similar color to rest of venter. Prosternal process often very broad between procoxae, usually about 0.7-1.1 times width of procoxa in most specimens (but much narrower in L. poeyi , L. viridicomus , and L. puntacanaensis ); apex greatly expanded to middle of posterior margin of coxa on each side, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Scutellum moderately to densely pubescent; broadly rounded posteriorly in most species, occasionally subtriangular (e.g., L. thomasi ). Mesosternum smooth, impunctate, covered with uniform, appressed pubescence of similar color to rest of venter, less dense on anterior 1/3 which is deeply constricted. Mesosternal process between mesocoxae very broad, widely separating mesocoxae, at least 1.0-1.5 × width of mesocoxa (widest in L. argentatus , narrowest in L. poeyi and L. thomasi ). Mesosternum without ventral protuberance and without lateral projections into mesocoxae. Metasternum about length of first two ventrites combined, or longer; deeply indented posteriorly at middle to accommodate triangular extension of first sternite between metacoxae; covered with appressed pubescence of similar color to remainder of venter, often more mottled at sides and lateral thoracic sclerites. Elytra: covered with mostly appressed, white, tawny, dark brown, or iridescent green pubescence (or some combination), with rows of small tubercles generally along costae and sometimes along suture. Tubercles at base of elytra most prominent, sometimes forming pronounced crests with tufts of pubescence erupting from apices (as in L. cristatus and L. thomasi ). Humeri projecting slightly, in some species denuded at apex and marked at anterior margin (base) with black macula. Epipleuron pronounced, vertical or subvertical. Elytral apex subtruncate or truncate, without spines or acute projection. Legs: mostly uniformly pubescent with appressed hairs (white, off-white, tawny, iridescent green, or some combination) throughout; apex of tibiae annulate with darker or translucent pubescence or less dense pubescence revealing darker integument. Femora moderately to strongly clavate, abruptly narrowed into basal peduncle (clavate portion and peduncle portion each about equal in length on hind and middle legs; clavate portion about 4 times longer than peduncle on forelegs); tibiae approximately equal in length to femora; hind legs much longer than forelegs; metafemora extending to about abdominal apex. Tarsomeres 1 and 2 (at least) generally coated with short, appressed, white or off-white pubescence (tarsi all black and similar in coloration to tibial apex in L. poeyi , L. milleri , L. perfasciatus , and L. thomasi ).

Abdomen: Five visible ventrites covered with appressed, white, off-white, tawny, or green pubescence (or some combination), often more mottled at sides. First ventrite with prominent triangular projection mesally between metacoxae; fifth ventrite in females often narrowed and extended at middle, longer than in males, usually over 2 × as broad as long, 1.3-1.4 × as broad as long in L. cristatus and L. caliginosus , sp. n., usually with glabrous midline at base, extending toward apex for 1/3 or more of overall length.

Remarks. It is necessary to broaden the definition of Leptostylopsis to accommodate the many species described in the genus since originally proposed by Dillon (1956) (and to appropriately place the taxa originally described in Leptostylus ). Dillon’s separation of the genera based on the level of tuberculation of the pronotal disk, antennal length, and mesosternal process no longer functioned. Th ese genera are still in need of revision, as are many in Acanthocinini . Leptostylus itself contains 79 described and many more undescribed species and undoubtedly includes many that should be transferred to Leptostylopsis or perhaps other new genera, since they lack characters of the type species. For example, some Central American Leptostylopsis (e.g., L. palliatus Bates ) have a distinct lateral tubercle on each side of the mesosternal process between the mesocoxae that fits into a corresponding indentation on the mesocoxae. This character alone defines a subset of Leptostylus that could be used as a character for a new genus. Th ere are many other characters that certainly will be found upon careful revisionary work in the tribe, but this is beyond the scope of this regional treatment.

Figures

Maps 1-2. Locality records for Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) and Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) in Hispaniola.

Maps 3-4. Locality records for Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) and Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) in Hispaniola.

Maps 5-6. Locality records for Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) and Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher) in Hispaniola.

Maps 7-8. Locality records for Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli and Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli in Hispaniola.

Maps 9-10. Locality records for Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli, Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli, and Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli in Hispaniola.

Maps 11-12. Locality records for Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli and Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli in Hispaniola.

Figures 1-5. Dorsal habitus photographs. 1 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 2 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 3 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 4 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 5 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli.

Figures 6-10. Dorsal habitus photographs. 6 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 7 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 8 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 9 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 10 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher).

Figures 11-15. Dorsal habitus photographs. 11 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 12 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 13 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 14 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 15 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 16-22. Simplified drawings of major elytral pubescence features of Hispaniolan Leptostylopsis. 16 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 17 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 18 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 19 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 20 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 21 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 22 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli.

Figures 23-28. Simplified drawings of major elytral pubescence features of Hispaniolan Leptostylopsis. 23 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 24 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 25 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 26 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 27 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 28 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 29-43. Anterior view of head showing fronto-medial and genal sutures, pubescence patterns on head and mouthparts, and size of lower eye lobes (all male specimens). 29 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 30 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 31 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 32 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 33 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 34 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 35 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 36 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 37 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 38 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 39 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 40 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 41 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 42 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 43 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 44-58. Oblique lateral view of pronotum showing anterolateral, posterolateral, median, and lateral tubercles. 44 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 45 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 46 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 47 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 48 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 49 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 50 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 51 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 52 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 53 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 54 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 55 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 56 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 57 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 58 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 59-73. Ventral view of thorax showing relative widths of pro- and mesocoxal processes relative to coxae, along with ventral pubescence patterns. 59 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 60 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 61 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 62 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 63 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 64 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 65 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 66 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 67 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 68 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 69 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 70 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 71 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 72 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 73 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 74-87. Ventral view of ventrite 5 of female showing proportions and pubescence patterns. Females are unknown for Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis. 74 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 75 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 76 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 77 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 78 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 79 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 80 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 81 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 82 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 83 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 84 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 85 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 86 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 87 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 88-102. Lateral view of elytron showing basal tubercles, epipleuron, and form of appressed or semierect pubescence. 88 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 89 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 90 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 91 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 92 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 93 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 94 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 95 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 96 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 97 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 98 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 99 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 100 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 101 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 102 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).

Figures 103-117. Dorsal view of protarsus and apex of protibia (all male specimens). 103 Leptostylus transversus Gyllenhal 104 Leptostylopsis terraecolor Horn 105 Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher) 106 Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) 107 Leptostylopsis basifulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 108 Leptostylopsis caliginosus Lingafelter & Micheli 109 Leptostylopsis chlorescens Lingafelter & Micheli 110 Leptostylopsis cristatus (Fisher) 111 Leptostylopsis humerofulvus Lingafelter & Micheli 112 Leptostylopsis milleri (Fisher) 113 Leptostylopsis perfasciatus Lingafelter & Micheli 114 Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher) 115 Leptostylopsis puntacanaensis Lingafelter & Micheli 116 Leptostylopsis thomasi Lingafelter & Micheli 117 Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher).