Russelliana nigra Burckhardt, 1987

Serbina, Liliya & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Systematics, biogeography and host-plant relationships of the Neotropical jumping plant-louse genus Russelliana (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Zootaxa 4266 (1), pp. 1-114 : 42-46

Russelliana nigra Burckhardt, 1987

( Figs 9 N, 14C, 19B, 24B, 28E, 32I)

Russelliana nigra Burckhardt, 1987: 381 .

Material examined. Type material. Holotype ♂: Bolivia: Department Chuquisaca, Province Nor Cinti, Padcoya to Camargo , 2800–3200 m, 26–28.xii.1984 (L. E. Peña) ( MHNG, dry) . Paratypes: Bolivia: 4 ♂, 8 ♀, same as holotype (L. E. Peña) ( MHNG, NHMB, dry, on slide).

Description. Coloration. General colour of body dark brown to black. Head, genal processes and thorax dark brown to black; clypeus black. Eyes red to black, ocelli orange to red. Antenna pale to dirty yellow, segments 1, 9 and 10 entirely black, segment 2 black at base, segments 3–8 with black apices. Forewing with dark brown veins and evenly brown membrane. Legs dirty yellow to brownish, with black femora and distal tarsal segments, meracanthus of metacoxa pale yellow. Abdomen and terminalia brown to black. Female proctiger black in apical third. Teneral specimens orange laterally.

Structure. Head, in profile, moderately to strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (45–90°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse tubercle on either side of mid-line, with raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, relatively slender and subacute apically, distinctly shorter than vertex, covered with moderately long setae. Forewing oval, broadly, evenly rounded apically; vein C+Sc weakly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs weakly sinuous, slightly curved to fore margin apically; vein M about as long as either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules very dense, present in all cells, leaving very narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins, irregularly spaced; faint in cell c+sc and absent in its basal third; radular spinules covering rounded areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 6–8 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced moderately long setae. Paramere irregularly subtrapezoidal; with sickle-shaped apico-anterior process on very short pedicel and slightly bulged, apically sinuous apico-posterior lobe with apically sclerotised median tooth; both process and lobe of subequal length; outer face sparsely covered with moderately long setae mostly in posterior half, inner face densely, evenly covered with long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, weakly expanding towards apex; with moderately long anterior process, one apical and one apico-posterior tubercles, the latter being curved forward; lateral lobes long, strongly dilated towards apex which is concave.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, slightly convex; sparsely covered with relatively short setae. Subgenital plate cuneate, with short apical process; sparsely covered with relatively short setae in apical half, dorsal margin with a row of bristles.

Host-plant. Unknown.

Distribution. Reported from Bolivia (Chuquisaca) ( Burckhardt 1987).

Comments. Russelliana nigra resembles R. chorizanthis , disparilis , rutila , similis and solanicola ; see comments under R. chorizanthis . R. nigra differs from the five species in an evenly brown forewing membrane, from R. chorizanthis , rutila , similis and solanicola in the absence of a median hump of the paramere, and from R. disparilis and similis in the presence of surface spinules in the apical part of the forewing membrane. It differs from R. chorizanthis in a shorter female terminalia, and from R. disparilis in a smaller apico-posterior lobe of the paramere and an apically subacute anterior process of the distal segment of the aedeagus.

Russelliana nolanae sp. nov.

( Figs 9 O, 14D, E, 19C, 24C, 28F, 33A)

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Chile: III Region , Province Chañaral , Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar , sector Las Lomitas, Quebrada Las Chicas, 26°05'S 70°36'W, 800 m, 9.xii.1993, N. cf. aplocaryoides / N. cf. confinis / N. cf. peruviana / Nolana cf. sedifolia , quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #20 ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Chile: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, III Region , Province Chañaral , Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar , Quebrada Chango Aracena, sector Mirador, 26°05'S 70°37'W, 300 m, 8.xii.1993, Nolana cf. sedifolia , semidesert (D. Burckhardt) #19 ( MHNG, NHMB, dry) ; 1 ♂, same but Quebrada del Castillo, 26°08'S 70°38'W, 100 m, Nolana cf. sedifolia (D. Burckhardt) #18 ( MHNG, dry) ; 9 ♂, 6 ♀, same but Quebrada Pan de Azúcar , 26°07'S 70°36'W, 300 m, 9.xii.1993, Nolana cf. sedifolia , quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #21 ( MHNG, NHMB, dry) ; 6 ♂, 16 ♀, 1 immature, 1?, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #20 (BMNH, MHNG, NHMB, dry); 7 ♂, 1 ♀, same but Nolana cf. sedifolia (D. Burckhardt) #20 (MHNG, dry); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same but Province Huasco , Panamericana km 565, 29°20'S 71°01'W, 600 m, 6.xii.1993, Nolana cf. sedifolia , steppe (D. Burckhardt) #13 ( MHNG, dry) ; 11 ♂, 27 ♀, 2 immatures, IV Region, Province Elqui , Panamericana km 550, 85 km N La Serena, 29°25'S 71°10'W, 200 m, 6.xii.1993, Nolana cf. sedifolia , steppe (D. Burckhardt) #12 ( MHNG, NHMB, dry, on slide) ; 1 ♀, same but Province Limarí , Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, 250 m, 7–9.xii.1990, Baccharis salicina [ Pingraea viscosa ], open mediterranean scrub (D. Agosti & D. Burckhardt) #2 ( MHNG, dry).

Description. Coloration. Dimorphic, male slightly darker, general body colour yellow to brownish; female slightly lighter, general body colour yellow to orange, forewing pattern paler than in males. Some specimens with yellow-spotted brown to dark brown vertex and thorax. Head including genal processes pale to bright yellow, genae pale yellow to brownish; clypeus yellow to brown. Eyes yellow, ocelli orange to red. Antenna yellow, segments 3–8 with dark brown apices, segments 9–10 entirely dark brown. Pronotum pale to bright yellow, same colour as vertex and distinctly paler than mesonotum; mesopraescutum pale to bright yellow, often with two orange to brownish patches along the fore margin and sometimes with scattered brownish patches over entire surface; mesoscutum pale to bright yellow, often with four broad orange to brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum pale yellow, sometimes orange to brown in the middle. Metanotum pale yellow to brown. Forewing with whitish to dark brown veins and membrane with distinct pale to dark brown pattern different for males and females. Male forewing membrane with dark brown pattern consisting of confluent dots, sometimes forming two well-defined broad transverse stripes: shorter submarginal one stretching from apical part of costal vein to base of vein M1+2 and longer median one stretching from median part of vein C+Sc, along the veins M+Cu and Cu, to base of vein Cu1b; membrane between two bands colourless with dark brown dots scattered over entire surface and sometimes on veins. Female forewing membrane with pale brown pattern consisting of dark, frequently confluent dots and lighter patches scattered over entire surface, sometimes patches leaving light, almost indistinct areas in cells r2, m1 and m2 along the margin; patch along vein Cu1b sometimes reaching vein M. Legs pale yellow with darker femora, meracanthus of metacoxa pale yellow. Abdomen and terminalia pale yellow to brownish, sometimes lighter ventrally. Paramere and female terminalia with dark apices.

Structure. Head, in profile, weakly inclined from longitudinal body axis (<45°). Vertex trapezoidal, flat with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse lobe on either side of mid-line, hind margin around lateral ocelli not raised, covered with short setae; genal processes short, swollen, slightly conical apically, covered with moderately long setae. Pronotum with two pronounced lateral and one relatively shallow sublateral tubercles on either side. Forewing rhomboidal; vein C+Sc strongly, unevenly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs straight, strongly curved to fore margin apically; vein M about as long as either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules very dense, present in all cells, leaving no spinule-free stripes along the veins, irregularly spaced, less developed on unpigmented areas; radular spinules not pronounced. Metatibia with 6 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger barrel-shaped; sparsely covered with moderately long setae in apical two thirds. Subgenital plate elongate; with few moderately long setae restricted to apical and ventral part. Paramere shortly lamellar; with long recurved apico-anterior process on pedicel, broadly rounded apico-posterior lobe with apically sclerotised median tooth; lobe situated exterior to process; both process and lobe of subequal length; outer face densely covered with moderately long setae mostly in apical half, inner face covered with long thick bristles anteriorly and apically. Distal segment of aedeagus massive, broadly, unevenly expanding towards apex, strongly inflated anteriorly; with one small apico-posterior tubercle; lateral lobes moderately long, slightly dilated towards apex which is rounded and with frayed margin.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, slightly convex; densely covered with long setae. Subgenital plate subglobular, with tiny apical process; densely covered with long setae in apical part and along ventral margin, dorsal margin with a row of bristles.

Host-plants. Nolana cf. aplocaryoides (Gaudich.) I.M. Johnst. / N. cf. confinis (I.M. Johnst.) I.M. Johnst. / N. cf. peruviana (Gaudich.) I.M.Johnst. and N. cf. sedifolia Poepp. (Solanaceae) .

Distribution. Chile (III–IV Regions).

Derivation of name. Named after its host-plant genus Nolana .

Comments. Russelliana nolanae resembles R. adelpha and globosa ; see comments under R. adelpha . R. nolanae differs from R. adelpha in a less extensive pattern on the male forewing membrane, and from R. globosa in the lateral lobes of the distal segment of the aedeagus which are apically rounded and dilated towards apex, in a cuneate female proctiger and subglobular subgenital plate bearing an apical process.

Russelliana pallida sp. nov.

( Figs 10 A, 14F, 19D, 24D, 28G, 33B)

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Chile: III Region, Province Huasco, ca 10 km W Domeyko, 28°57'S 70°55'W, 600 m, 6.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , steppe (D. Burckhardt) #14 ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Chile: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, 2 immatures, III Region, Province Chañaral, 20–25 km W Pedernales, Cordillera de Domeyko , 36°23'S 69°25'W, 2500–2700 m, 10.xii.1993, Adesmia kingii , semidesert (D. Burckhardt) #23 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 7 ♀, same but Province Copiapó , 30 km NE Copiapó, 27°19'S 70°12'W, 1000 m, 12.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , desert with scattered shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #26 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 5 ♀, same but Potrero Seco , 27°40'S 70°15'W, 900 m, 13.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #30 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, same but Province Huasco, Panamericana km 565, 29°20'S 71°01'W, 600 m, 6.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , steppe (D. Burckhardt) #13 ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #14 (MHNG, dry); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same but 20 km S Vallenar , 28°40'S 70°40'W, 750 m, Adesmia cf. kingii , quebrada (D. Burckhardt) #15 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, same but 35 km N Vallenar , 28°20'S 70°40'W, 600 m, 7.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , semidesert (D. Burckhardt) #16 ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♀, IV Region, Province Elqui, along road from Condoriaco to Almte Latorre , 29°40'S 70°53'W, 1200 m, 4.xii.1993, Adesmia sp., quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #8 ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♂, same but 15 km SW Viñita Baja , 29°50'S 70°50'W, 450 m, Adesmia sp., quebrada with sparse scrub (D. Burckhardt) #6 ( MHNG, dry) ; 12 ♂, 13 ♀, same but from Viñita Baja to Condoriaco , 29°45'S 70°50'W, 1000–1400 m, Adesmia argentea , dry slope with Trichocereus and various shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #7 ( BMNH, MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same but Adesmia sp. (D. Burckhardt) #7 (MHNG, dry); 2 ♀, same but S Paihuano, Elqui Valley , 30°02'S 70°30'W, 1000 m, 5.xii.1993, Adesmia dichotoma , quebrada with isolated shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #9 ( MHNG, dry) ; 11 ♂, 4 ♀, same but 5–10 km S Vicuña , 30°05'S 70°40'W, 750–950 m, Adesmia kingii , semidesert (D. Burckhardt) #11 ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same but Panamericana km 550, 85 km N La Serena, 29°25'S 71°10'W, 200 m, 6.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. kingii , steppe (D. Burckhardt) #12 ( MHNG, dry) ; 10 ♂, 11 ♀, same but 15–25 km S Vicuña , 30°15'S 70°40'W, 1300–1700 m, 14.xii.1993, Adesmia argentea (D. Burckhardt) #33 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 5 ♀, same but Adesmia pedicellata (D. Burckhardt) #33 (MHNG, dry); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, same but 20 km S Vicuña towards Hurtado, nr puente El Pangue , 1600 m, 18.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., semidesert and quebrada with water (D. Burckhardt) #8(2) ( MHNG, dry) ; 6 ♂, 8 ♀, same but 10 km S Vicuña towards Hurtado , 900 m, Adesmia sp., semidesert with a few scattered Prosopis chilensis trees in quebrada (D. Burckhardt) #7(3) ( MHNG, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same but ca 45 km ENE La Serena, Viñita Baja to Condoriaco , 800–1000 m, 19.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., quebrada and mountain slope (D. Burckhardt) #10(4) ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same but ca 40 km E La Serena , 5 km SW Viñita Baja, 450 km, Adesmia sp., quebrada (D. Burckhardt) #9(3) ( MHNG, dry) ; 2 ♂, same but Elqui Valley, nr Rivadavia , 750 m, 20.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., semidesert with Baccharis shrubs and scattered trees in lowest part (D. Burckhardt) #12(1) ( MHNG, dry) ; 8 ♂, 14 ♀, V Region, Province Petorca, Alicahue to Chincolco, E Cabildo to La Ligua , 700–1250 m, 21–26.xii.1998, Adesmia sp., semidesert and Acacia caven steppe (D. Burckhardt) #3(2) ( NHMB, dry) ; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, same but Province San Felipe de Aconcagua , 5 km N El Tártaro, 30 km N San Felipe, 32°30'S 70°42'W, 1100 m, 26.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. glutinosa , Acacia caven steppe (D. Burckhardt) #37 ( MHNG, dry) ; 5 ♂, 8 ♀, 1 immature, same but Putaendo , 10 km N San Felipe, 32°37'S 70°42'W, 700 m, Adesmia cf. pedicellata , river bed, quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #35 ( MHNG, dry) ; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 4 immatures, same but 15 km E Llay-Llay , 32°52'S 70°51'W, 600 m, 28.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. glutinosa , Acacia caven steppe (D. Burckhardt) #39 ( MHNG, NHMB, dry) ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same but 10 km N San Felipe , 700 m, 15.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., river bed, quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #1(2) ( MHNG, dry) ; 3 ♂, 6 ♀, same but km 10 on road El Tártaro to El Guayacán , 1400 m, 24.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., Acacia caven steppe (D. Burckhardt) #24(4) ( MHNG, dry); 1 immature, same but (D. Burckhardt) #24 ( MHNG, dry) ; 1 ♀, same but 10 km N San Felipe , 700 m, 27.xii.1995, river bed, quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #27(2) ( MHNG, dry) ; 4 ♂, 6 ♀, same but 8 km N San Felipe, 12–13.i.1997, Adesmia sp., dry river bed of Río Aconcagua , quebrada vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #4(4) ( MHNG, on slide, 70 % ethanol) ; 1 ♀, same but El Asiento , 10 km NW San Felipe, 900 m, 13–20.i.1997, Adesmia sp., mediterranean scrub (D. Burckhardt) #5(10) ( NHMB, dry) ; 14 ♂, 10 ♀, 1?, same but km 20 Resguardo de Los Patos to Paso del Rubio , 1800 m, 1.i.1999, Adesmia cf. glutinosa , semidesert and subalpine scrub (D. Burckhardt) #11(2) ( NHMB, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol) ; 11 ♂, 16 ♀, same but Resguardo de Los Patos , 32°29.2'S 70°33.9'W, 1350 m, 6.iii.2009, Adesmia cf. glutinosa , Acacia caven scrub (D. Burckhardt) #14(4) ( NHMB, dry, 70 % ethanol) ; 2 ♀, Region Metropolitana, Province Chacabuco, Tiltil , 5 km N Tiltil, 33°01'S 70°56'W, 700 m, 28.xii.1993, Adesmia cf. confusa , open sclerophyll scrub (D. Burckhardt) #40 ( MHNG, dry).

Additional material. Chile: 1 ♀, V Region, Province San Felipe de Aconcagua, Termas de Jahuel, 1000 m, 21.i.1997, Acacia caven steppe with some planted exotic trees (D. Burckhardt) #17 ( NHMB, dry).

Description. Coloration. Head including genal processes pale yellow to orange, genal processes sometimes brownish at base; clypeus yellow to brown. Eyes yellow to greyish, ocelli red. Antenna yellow, segments 3–8 with dark brown apices, segments 9–10 entirely dark brown. Pronotum of the same colour as vertex, distinctly paler than mesonotum; mesopraescutum pale to bright yellow with two dark orange patches along the fore margin and two light orange transverse stripes posteriorly; mesoscutum pale to bright yellow with four broad and, in the middle, one narrow orange longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum pale yellow along the margin, orange in the middle. Metanotum orange with broad yellow longitudinal stripe in the middle. Forewing with yellowish veins and colourless membrane with pale brown, often indistinct pattern consisting of broad stripe parallel to apical margin stretching from apical part of costal vein to apex of vein Cu1a, leaving light areas in cells r2, m1 and m2 along the margin, and patch along vein Cu1b; sometimes with brown stripe in the middle of the wing stretching from vein R1 to vein Cu1b and brown patch in apical half of cell cu2. Legs pale to bright yellow, meracanthus of metacoxa yellow. Abdomen and terminalia pale yellow to brown. Female terminalia with dark apex. Teneral specimens lighter, general colour of body pale yellow; forewing pattern pale brown.

Structure. Head, in profile, strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (> 45°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly slightly produced into transverse tubercle on either side of mid-line, with raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with long setae. Pronotum with one pronounced lateral and one relatively shallow sublateral tubercles on either side. Forewing oblong-oval, broadly, unevenly rounded apically; vein C+Sc weakly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs almost straight apically; vein M longer than either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins, sparsely spaced and forming hexagonal pattern; radular spinules covering triangular areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 7 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced moderately long setae. Paramere narrowly lamellar, posterior margin slightly convex; with long apico-anterior process lacking pedicel, and apically sclerotised median tooth; outer face sparsely covered with moderately long setae mostly in posterior part, inner face sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, expanding towards apex; with short anterior process, one small and one horn-shaped apico-posterior tubercles; lateral lobes moderately long, slightly dilated towards apex which is concave.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, almost straight or slightly convex; sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate cuneate, with short apical process; sparsely covered with moderately long setae, dorsal margin with few bristles.

Host-plants. Adesmia argentea Meyen , A. cf. confusa Ulibarri , A. dichotoma Clos , A. cf. glutinosa Hook. & Arn. , A. cf. kingii Phil. and A. cf. pedicellata Hook. & Arn. (Fabaceae) .

Distribution. Chile (III–V Regions, Region Metropolitana).

Derivation of name. From Latin pallidus = pale referring to the pale forewing pattern.

Comments. Russelliana pallida resembles R. longicauda ; see comments under R. longicauda . R. pallida differs from R. longicauda in the presence of surface spinules in the apical part of the forewing membrane, a long apico-anterior process of the paramere, a longer anterior process situated in the apical part of the distal segment of the aedeagus bearing longer lateral lobes, and a shorter female terminalia with a subgenital plate bearing a short apical process.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Russelliana spp., head, dorsal view. A, R. fabianae Burckhardt; B, R. globosa sp. nov.; C, R. intermedia Burckhardt; D, R. longicauda sp. nov.; E, R. longirostro sp. nov.; F, R. lycii (Tuthill); G, R. maculata Burckhardt; H, R. magellanica sp. nov.; I, R. marionae Burckhardt; J, R. melaina sp. nov.; K, R. mendozae sp. nov.; L, R. monticola sp. nov.; M, R. nana sp. nov.; N, R. nigra Burckhardt; O, R. nolanae sp. nov.

FIGURE 10. Russelliana spp., head, dorsal view. A, R. pallida sp. nov.; B, R. punctulata Burckhardt; C, R. queirozae sp. nov.; D, R. rutila sp. nov.; E, R. sebastiani Burckhardt; F, R. setosa sp. nov.; G, R. similis Burckhardt; H, R. solanicola Tuthill; I, R. tetraglochin sp. nov.; J, R. theresae Burckhardt; K, R. vinculipennis Burckhardt; L, R. viscosae sp. nov.; M, R. xantha sp. nov.