Hemistola monotona Inoue, 1983

Chang, Wei-Chun & Wu, Shipher, 2013, Review of the genus Hemistola Warren, 1893 in Taiwan with notes on an unusual conifer-feeding larva and descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae), Zootaxa 3741 (4), pp. 538-550 : 542-543

Hemistola monotona Inoue, 1983

( Figs 5–8 , 20–22 , 37 , 45 )

Hemistola monotona Inoue, 1983 , Tinea , 11(16): 139, figs 1,2 (Type locality: Taiwan, Hualien, Tayuling. Holotype male, in BMNH); Han & Xue, 2009, Entomol. Sci., 12(4): 396, figs 10, 42; Han & Xue, 2011, Fauna Sinica, Insect Vol. 54: 410, fig. 282, pl. XVI: 32.

Material Examined. Type material: Holotype. Male, “ Formosa [ TAIWAN], Hualien, Tayuling, 1–3–VII–1973, leg. M. Owada” (coll. BMNH) Additional specimens examined: TAIWAN, 1 male, Miaoli County, Guanwu, 2000 m, 29–VI–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, 138591; 1 male, Taichung County, Wuling, 1900 m, 3–VI–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI00138590; 4 males, Taichung County, Wuling, 1900 m, 12–IX–2012, leg. S. Wu; 1 male and 2 females, Taichung County, Wuling, 1900 m, 3–VI–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1 male, same collecting data, slide TFRI00138590; 3 females, Nantou County, Aowanda, 1140 m, 8–XI–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1male, Nantou County, Dongpu Lodge, 2580 m, 2–VI–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI00128765; 1 male, Nantou County, Dongpu Lodge, 2580 m, 25–VIII–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI00128580; 1 male, Nantou County, Biluxi, 2200 m, 14–IX–1986, leg. Y. Q. Shen, slide TFRI00069355; 1 male, same collecting data, slide TFRI00069446; 5 females, Hualien County, Ci’en, 1950 m, 13–IX–2012, leg. S. Wu; 1 female, same collecting data, slide TFRI00143023; 1 female, same collecting data, slide TFRI00143024; 5 males, Hualien County, Guanyuan, 2400 m, 19–VII–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1 male, same collecting data, slide TFRI00138591; 1 female, same collecting data, slide TFRI00138583; 8 males and 1 female, same collecting locality, 13–VIII–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 3 males and 1 female, same collecting locality, 7– IV–2013, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang (coll. TFRI); 5 males, Hualien County, Jinma Tunnel, 2400 m, 3–IX–2008, H. H. Lin leg.; 1 male, Nantou County, Pilusi Station, 2100 m, 24–25–VI–2008, H. H. Lin leg.; 1 male, Hualien County, Guanyuan, 2400 m, 19–VII–1983, leg. B. S. Chang, slide NMNS1282–10128; 1 female, Hualien County, Guanyuan, 2400 m, 19–VII–1983, leg. B. S. Chang, slide NMNS1282–10340; 1 male, Nantou County, Hueishun, 6–XII–1985, leg. B. S. Chang, slide NMNS1282–10395; 1 male, Nantou County, High Altitude Experimental Station, 3002m), 31–VII–1–VIII–2007, leg. C. S. Lin, M. L. Chan, S. W. Hou (coll. NMNS)

Diagnosis. This species is externally similar to H. piceacola sp. nov. and H. fui sp. nov. Their comparison is given under the diagnosis of two preceding species.

Description. The male of this species was described originally by Inoue (1983) based on two males ((both designated as types) and recently redescribed by Han & Xue (2009), here the female is first illustrated and described.

Female ( Fig. 6 ). Wingspan 27–29 mm (n= 10) Head: Antenna filiform, ramus slightly longer than diameter of antennal shaft. Frons and labial palpus dark reddish brown. Vertex light bluish green, anterior margin white. Labial palpus slender. Wings: Wing ground coloration ochreous. Apex of forewing pointed; end of hindwing M3 vein slightly protrubed. Outer margin of both wings smooth. Marginal scales ochreous. Transverse lines on both wings white, distinct, dentate. Discal spot absent. Frenulum absent.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 45 ): Lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, cardiac-like; ductus bursaebursae sclerotized at basal half, membranous at distal part; corpus bursae membranous, round, small; signum absent.

Distribution and bionomics. This species is endemic in mid to high mountain ranges (1000 to 2560 m.) of Taiwan and seems to be more dominant in higher elevation regions. The adults occur in summer. Possibly univoltine.

Figures

FIGURE 1 – 8. Habitus of Hemistola spp. in Taiwan. 1. H. piceacola sp. nov., male, holotype; 2. ditto, female, paratype; 3. H. fui sp. nov., male, holotype; 4. ditto, female, paratype; 5. H. monotola Inoue, 1983, male; 6. ditto, female; 7. ditto, male, holotype; 8. ditto, labels of holotype; 1 – 4. Photo before abdomen dissected. Bar scale = 10 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (1 – 6), BMNH (7, 8). Photo by Shipher Wu.

FIGURE 17 – 24. Male genitalia of Hemistola spp. in Taiwan. 17 – 19. H. piceacola sp. nov.; 20 – 22. H. monotola Inoue, 1983; 23 – 24. H. fui sp. nov.; 17, 20, 23. Male genitalia without aedeagus; 19, 22. Lateral view of uncus and gnathos; 18, 21, 24. Aedeagus. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI. Photo by Shipher Wu.

FIGURE 35 – 42. Male eighth abdominal sternite of Hemistola spp. in Taiwan and Japan. 35. H. piceacola sp. nov.; 36. H. fui sp. nov.; 37. H. monotola Inoue, 1983; 38. H. kezukai Inoue, 1978; 39. H. simplex Warren, 1899; 40. H. orbiculosa Inoue, 1978; 41. H. taiwanensis sp. nov.; 42. H. tenuilinea (Alphéraky, 1897). 35 – 41. Taiwan; 42. Japan. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (35 – 41); NSMT (42). Photo by Shipher Wu.

FIGURE 43 – 49. Female genitalia of Hemistola spp. in Taiwan and Japan. 43. H. piceacola sp. nov.; 44. H. fui sp. nov.; 45. H. monotola Inoue, 1983; 46. H. kezukai Inoue, 1978; 47. H. orbiculosa Inoue, 1978; 48. H. simplex Warren, 1899; 49. H. tenuilinea (Alphéraky, 1897); 43 – 48. Taiwan; 49. Japan. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (43 – 48); NSMT (49). Photo by Shipher Wu.