Symplectoscyphus glacialis ( Jäderholm, 1904 ), Jaderholm, 1904

Peña, Álvaro L., 2010, On a new Antarctic species of Symplectoscyphus Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae), with an annotated checklist of the Antarctic species of the genus, Zootaxa 2494, pp. 29-44 : 37

Symplectoscyphus glacialis ( Jäderholm, 1904)

Sertularella glacialis Jäderholm 1904: 9 ; 1905: 26, pl. 10, figs 3–7; 1917: 11, pl. 1, fig. 9; 1926: 5; Ritchie 1913: 10, 29, fig. 10; Billard 1914: 23 –24; Leloup 1960: 234; Naumov & Stepanjants 1962: 82; 1972: 34, 41; Stepanjants 1972: 68; 1979: 73, pl. 13, fig. 3.

Sertularella glacialis – Jäderholm 1917: 9, pl. 1, fig. 9 (part belongs to S. vanhoeffeni Totton, 1930 ).

Symplectoscyphus glacialis – Stechow 1922: 148; 1923: 171, 174; Totton 1930: 188, fig. 39a, b, pl. 1, figs 8, 9, pl. 2, fig. 7; Briggs 1938: 32; Rees & Thursfield 1965: 129; Blanco 1982: 40; 1984: 26–28, pl. 23, figs 51, 52, pl. 24, fig. 53; 1992: 149–153, figs 1–6; Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1972: 16, figs 28–32; Vervoort 1972a: 171, figs 56, 57b, c; 1972b: 351, figs 6b–d, 7, 8a; 1993: 239; Tang 1991: 3, 5; Bouillon et al. 1995: 73, Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995: 77, figs 34a–f, 64b; Peña Cantero et al. 2002: 1533 –1538, fig. 6; Peña Cantero & Gili 2006: 768; Peña Cantero & Ramil 2006: 956, fig. 3E; Peña Cantero 2006: 943, fig. 4H; 2008: 460–461; 2010: 770, fig. 5d; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009: 88, fig. 2g.

Not Sertularella (Symplectoscyphus) glacialis – Broch 1948: 5, 9–13, figs 2d, e, 3a (= Symplectoscyphus frigidus Peña Cantero et al., 2002 ).

Not Symplectoscyphus glacialis – Blanco 1967a: 265, pl. 4, figs 3–6, 9–12 [= S. pinnatus (Clark, 1876) ]

Ecology. Eurybathic species, found at depths from 5 ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972) to 922 m ( Peña Cantero & Ramil 2006). On an extremely wide range of sea bottoms, including bottoms of detritus, mud, sand, gravel, stones, boulders, rocks and different mixed bottoms ( Billard 1914; Totton 1930; Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995; Peña Cantero et al. 2002). Epilithic on stone ( Peña Cantero 2010) and epibiotic on hydroids ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Stepanjants 1979; Peña Cantero et al. 2002; Peña Cantero 2008; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), tubes of polychaetes and bryozoans ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Peña Cantero et al. 2002; Peña Cantero 2008), sponges ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Stepanjants 1979), sea cucumbers ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972), gorgonians ( Peña Cantero & Ramil 2006), ascidians ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Peña Cantero 2006; 2008; 2010) and algae ( Peña Cantero 2008). Basibiont for other hydroids ( Stepanjants 1979; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009). Gonothecae: January ( Totton 1930; Stepanjants 1979; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995; Peña Cantero et al. 2002; Peña Cantero 2008), February ( Stepanjants 1979; Peña Cantero et al. 2002; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), March, September and December ( Stepanjants 1979).

Distribution. Antarctic-Kerguélen ( Peña Cantero et al. 2002). Sub-Antarctic waters: Lena Bank and Crozet Island ( Stepanjants 1979). West Antarctica: Clerke Rocks, in the South Georgia area ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995), Powell Island, in the South Orkney Islands ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995), Elephant Island ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), Bransfield Strait ( Peña Cantero & Ramil 2006), Bransfield Island ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), King George Island ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1995), Low Island ( Blanco 1984; 1992; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), Deception Island ( Peña Cantero 2008), Livingston Island (Peña Cantero 2006; 2008), the South Shetland Islands ( Stepanjants 1979), Marguerite Bay ( Billard 1914), south of Snow Hill (Graham Land) ( Jäderholm 1917), Península de Sanavirón ( Blanco 1984; 1992), Palmer Archipelago ( Vervoort 1972b), Peter I Island (Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1972; Peña Cantero 2010) and south and east coasts of the Weddell Sea ( Peña Cantero et al. 2002). East Antarctica: Discovery Island ( Jäderholm 1926), Cape Royds ( Ritchie 1913), Cape Adare and McMurdo Sound ( Totton 1930), in the Ross Sea, Oates Coast ( Totton 1930), Adélie Land ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972; Stepanjants 1979), Sabrina Coast ( Stepanjants 1979), Davis Sea (Stepanjants 1972; 1979) and off Mawson Coast, in the Friendship Sea, and Enderby Land, in the Cosmonauts Sea ( Stepanjants 1979).