Chiton (Tegulaplax) hululensis

Schwabe, Enrico, Sirenko, Boris I. & Seeto, Johnson, 2008, A checklist of Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the Fiji islands, Zootaxa 1777, pp. 1-52 : 15-18

Chiton (Tegulaplax) hululensis (E. A. Smith in Gardiner, 1903)

( Figures 2E, F )

Chresonymy in Kaas et al. (2006: 240).

Ischnochiton hululensis E.A. Smith in Gardiner 1903: 619, pl. 36, figs 3–6; Nierstrasz 1906: 151, 168; Iredale & Hull 1927: 106; Kaas et al. 2006: 239.

Ischnochiton ravanae Sykes 1903: 178 , pl. 1, fig. 4 (holotype probably lost [see Kaas 1979: 867], type locality: India: Sri Lanka [ Ceylon]: Gulf of Manaar [08°36’N 78°35’E]: “Donnan’s Muttuvaratu Paar“, 14.6 m [8 fathoms]); Nierstrasz 1905a: 30; 1906: 153; Iredale & Hull 1927: 106; Kaas 1979: 866; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 109; 1998: 156; Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: 184; 2001: 184; Slieker 2000: 151; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Schwabe 2004: 3170; Kaas et al. 2006: 240.

Chiton imbricatus Nierstrasz 1905a: 79 , pl. 2, fig. 37, pl. 7, figs 188–194 (one lectotype ZMA Moll. 3.05.0 50 [designated in Kaas 1979: 867], two paralectotypes in ZMA, type locality: Siboga Station Nr. 250: Indonesia: Moluccas: off Kilsuin, West coast of Pulau Kur [5°21’S 132°00’E], 20–45 m, coral and Lithothamnion bottom); 1906: 146; Iredale & Hull 1927: 106; Leloup 1952: 23; Kaas 1979: 866; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 62; 1998: 92; Dell’Angelo & Smriglo 1999: 184; 2001: 184; Slieker 2000: 145; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Schwabe 2004: 3170; Kaas et al. 2006: 240.

Ischnochiton (Ischnochiton) hululensis ; Nierstrasz 1905a: 30.

Lucilina sueziensis ; Lamy 1938: 88 (partly) (after Strack 1993: 12).

Chiton hululensis ; Leloup 1952: 23, 56, text fig. 10, pl. 3, fig. 5; Rajagopal & Subba Rao 1974: 400, 406; Wells et al. 1990: 18, pl. 1; Barash & Danin 1992: 14; fig. 5; Bedulli, Dell’Angelo & von Salvini-Plawen 1995: 1; Dekker & Orlin 2000: 7; Slieker 2000: 48, pl. 12, fig. 17; Öztürk, Ergen & Önen 2000: 73; Wells & Slack-Smith 2000: 105; Schmidt, Glaubrecht & Golani 2001: 497; Subba Rao 2003: 51, fig. 19.2; Kaas et al. 2006: 240.

Chiton (Tegulaplax) hululensis ; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 61; 1998: 91; Strack 1992: 70; 1993: 12, pl. 3, fig. 9, pl. 7, figs 8–9; Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: 184, pls 62–63, fig. 112; 2001: 184, pls 62–63, fig. 112; Schwabe 2004: 3170; 2005a: 54, pl. 2, fig. 4; 2006a: 101, figs 1B, 2G–L, 5; 2006b: 20; Koukouras & Karachle 2005: 31; Schwabe & Wanninger 2006: 218, fig. 18.1B; Kaas et al. 2006: 240, fig. 97; Burghardt et al. 2006: 30.

Tegulaplax hululensis ; Bullock 1990: 139; Saito 1998: 153, figs 2 H, 5; 2001: 19, pl. 9, fig. 3; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Coleman 2003: 32, un-numbered text figure; Kaas et al. 2006: 240; Saito 2006c: 121, fig. 5E.

Chiton (Chiton) hululensis ; Van Belle & Wranik 1991: 370, fig. 15.

Chiton huluensis [sic]; Subba Rao & Dey 2000: 4.

Chiton lululensis [sic]; Strack 2003: 13.

Chiton (Clathropleura) platei Thiele 1909b: 92 , pl. 9, figs 46–48 (holotype ZMB Moll. 102061, not seen, type locality: Red Sea); Iredale & Hull 1927: 106; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 101; 1998: 146; Kilias 1995: 167; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Kaas et al. 2006: 240.

Chiton howensis Hedley & Hull 1912: 278 , pl. 13, figs 7, 7a–g (five syntypes in AMS [one C.33114, four C. 170802], type locality: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe Islands [31°33’S 159°05’E], fringing reef on the eastern side, on the under side or at the edge of insertion in the sand of small smooth stones, in sheltered pools, at low tide; not seen); Iredale 1914a: 41; Iredale & Hull 1927: 106; A. G. Smith 1960: 166; Kaas 1979: 866; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 61; 1998: 91; Slieker 2000: 145; Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: 184; 2001: 184; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Kaas et al. 2006: 239.

Chiton platei ; Iredale 1914a: 41; Leloup 1952: 23; 1960: 37, fig. 3; 1980a: 7; 1981a: 17; Barash & Danin 1977: 87, fig. 1; 1982: 107; 1986: 132; Mastaller 1979: 26, 238, 242, 259; Kaas 1979: 866; Barash & Danin 1992: 14; Slieker 2000: 150; Schwabe 2004: 3170.

Rhyssoplax howensis ; Ashby 1918: 86.

Chiton (Tegulaplax) howensis ; Thiele 1929: 20.

Tegulaplax howensis ; Iredale & Hull 1932: 139, pl. 8, figs 17–24.

Tegulaplax matthewsi Iredale & Hull 1926a: 172 , pl. 18, figs 26, 27 (holotype QM Mo1214, type locality: Australia: Queensland: Torres Strait, Darnley Island [09°35’S 143°46’E], under stones in pools on coral reef, not seen); Kaas 1979: 866; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 82; 1998: 120; Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: 184; 2001: 184; Slieker 2000: 148; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 40; Kaas et al. 2006: 240.

Locus typicus: Maldives, Kaafu Atholhu, Hulhule (04°10’59’’N 73°31’58’’E) [Stn. IX], 1.8– 11 m [1–6 fathoms].

Primary type: Holotype (NHM 1903.9.17.27).

Material examined: ZSM Mol 20061632: 2 adult spms, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, north side of Makuluva Island 18°11.250'S 178°30.992'E, under pieces of dead corals, partly embedded in fine coral sand, 0.5– 2 m, leg. Enrico Schwabe, Andreas Altnöder & Michael Schrödl, 26 August 2006, wet; ZSM Mol 20061917: 1 adult spm, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, reef flat opposite the Suva Harbour at the fringing reef, 18°10.434'S 178°24.987'E, low tide, high amount of living corals, some sandy channels and patches, 1 m, under coral plates, leg. Andreas Altnöder, 29 August 2006, wet; ZSM Mol 20061635: 2 adult spms, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, North of Makuluva Island, 18°10.890'S 178°30.587'E, sandy bottom with sea grass patches, under dead coral pieces, 0.5– 1 m, leg. Enrico Schwabe, 30 August 2006, wet; UF 299985: 1 subadult spm, Southwest of Yanuca Island 18°21’52’’S 177°58’43’’E, 10–20 m, intermittent sand patches and coral rubble, under rocks, leg. Lisa Kirkendale & Victor Bonito, 0 7 October 2001, wet; UF 292946: 2 adult spms, Viti Levu, in front of Waratah Lodge 18°10’47’’S 177°33’03’’E, 0.5– 1 m, reef flat, under rubble, leg. Lisa Kirkendale & Victor Bonito, 23 October 2001 (LAK-029G), wet; UF 296063: 1 subadult spm, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, behind USP Maritime Studies buildings 18°09’03’’S 178°27’14’’E, 0–1 m, sand and mud reef flat, under dead coral rubble and Halimeda sp., leg. Lisa Kirkendale & Victor Bonito, 0 6 October 2001 (LAK-005), wet; UF 297653: 1 adult spm, Viti Levu, Man Friday Resort, 80 km west of Suva [18°10’S 177°40’E], 0–2 m, fringing reef, freely moving on undersides of rocks, leg. Holthuis, B. & Gustav Paulay, 0 2 February 1989 (BFIJI-428), wet. Habitat: This shallow water species seemingly has a preference for dead corals laying on fine sand.

Distribution: Kaas et al. (2006: 242) summarized the wide distribution of the species, ranging from the Tasman Sea through the Torres Strait, NE Papua New Guinea, S Vietnam, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Maldive Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique, Aden, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In addition the species was reported from the Goto Island ( Japan) by Saito (1998: 153), from Guam by Paulay (2003: Appendix) and the Christmas Islands (Indian Ocean) ( Wells et al. 1990: 18).

Remarks: This is the first record of this species from Fiji.

Figures

FIGURE 2. A – F, Callochiton neocaledonicus Kaas & Van Belle, 1990, ZSM Mol 20061630: Fiji, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, north side of Nukumbutho Island 18 ° 10.474 ' S 178 ° 28.343 ' E. A, dorsal view of the head valve. B, left lateral view of the head valve. C, dorsal view of valve ii. D, frontal view of valve ii. E, dorsal view of the tail valve. F, left lateral view of the tail valve. Scale bars A, C – F 500 µm, B 200 µm.