Anicius dolius Chamberlin, 1925

Guerrero-Fuentes, Dariana R. & Francke, Oscar F., 2019, Taxonomic revision of Anicius Chamberlin, 1925 (Araneae: Salticidae), with five new species of jumping spiders from Mexico, Zootaxa 4638 (4), pp. 485-506 : 488-489

Anicius dolius Chamberlin, 1925

Figs 1–2 , 13–16 , 24–29 , 64–65 , 74 , 82–83

Anicius dolius Chamberlin, 1925: 131 [male holotype (MCZ 1066) from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, R.V. Chamberlin, examined]; Richman 1989: 286, figs 1, 10–14 (female, examined); Maddison 1996: 332, fig. 49 (male); World Spider Catalog 2019.

Additional material examined. MEXICO: Michoacán: 1 ♀ ( MCZ 49724), Cerro de Tancitaro, Municipio de Tancitaro (3505 m), VII–VIII.1941, H. Hoogstraal leg. ; 1 ♁ (CNAN-Ar 010558), Cerro de San Miguel Jésus del Monte (19.6463°N, 101.1533°W, 2159 m), Municipio de Morelia , 19.V.2015, J. Maldonado & J. Ponce leg. ; 2 ♁ (CNAN-Ar 010559), same locality, 20.V.2015, J. Arreguin & J. Molotla leg. ; 2 ♁ (CNAN-Ar 010560), same local- ity, 24. VI.2015, J. Maldonado leg.; 2 ♀ (CNAN-Ar01561), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (19.6906°N, 101.2063°W), Municipio de Morelia , 27.VII.2014, W. Maddison leg. ; 2 ♀ (CNAN-Ar01564), same locality, 09.V.2015, J. Maldonado leg. ; 4 ♁, 2 ♀ (CNAN-Ar01562), Área Natural Protegida “La Alberca, Los Es- pinos” (19.9075°N, 101.7683°W, 2001 m), Municipio de Villa Jiménez , 11.V.2014, A. Escalante leg. Morelos: 2 ♁ (CNAN-Ar01563), La Cruz Pintada (19.0068°N, 99.2232°W, 2283 m), Municipio de Huitzilac , 12.V.2015, D. Guerrero, O. Francke, G. Contreras, R. Monjaraz & D. Barrales leg.

Diagnosis. Anicius dolius is the longest and slenderest species of Anicius ; live specimens have a metallic golden luster ( Figs 1–2 ), whereas the other species have a metallic green luster; the abdomen of A. dolius has a pair of dorsal longitudinal reddish bands accompanied by a pair of white lateral bands extending along the entire length ( Figs 1–2 , 26, 29 ), whereas the other species lack the reddish bands, and the white lateral bands extend only 3/4 the length of abdomen and are followed by at least one pair of lateral white spots. Anicius dolius resembles A. faunus sp. nov. and A. maddisoni sp. nov. by the general shape of male palp, and by the needle-shaped embolus, at least half the length of the bulb, but A. dolius can be differentiated by the hearth-shaped bulb and TL with a conspicuous retromarginal crest ( Figs 64, 65 , 74 ); the embolus is also longer, thinner and less curved than in A. maddisoni .

Description. Male (CNAN-Ar 010558, Michoacán). Total length: 3.70. Prosoma: 1.60 long, 1.20 wide, 0.70 high. Opisthosoma: 2.10 long. Eye field: 0.80 long, anterior 0.80 wide, posterior 0.80 wide. Cheliceral length: 0.50. Length of leg segments: I 1.20 + 0.55 + 1.00 + 0.70 + 0.30 = 3.75; II 0.80 + 0.40 + 0.60 + 0.45 + 0.40 = 3.25; III 0.80 + 0.30 + 0.50 + 0.50 + 0.40 = 3.20; IV 1.00 + 0.40 + 0.70 + 0.60 + 0.40 = 3.35. Leg spination: I: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1; Pt p 0-1-0; Tb v 2-2 -2; Mt v 0-2-2ap. II: I Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; Tb v 1-1 -2, p 0-0-1; Mt v 0-2- 2. III: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; Tb p 0-2-2, r 0-2-2; Mt v 0-0-1, p 0-0-2, r 0-0- 2. IV: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; Tb v 1 -0-1; Mt v 0-0-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1. Body coloration: specimens in alcohol turn to a brownish yellow color with metallic scales. Carapace brownish with a white band of setae corresponding with white bands on the abdomen ( Fig 24–26 ). Prosoma: PLE same size as ALE. Chelicera: as described for the genus ( Fig. 15 ). Legs: I dark brown, stouter and longer than the other legs; II–IV thin and pale-yellow, with or without darker spots ( Figs 1 , 24–26 ). Palp: dark brown; embolus large slightly curved at 75°; TL with one conspicuous crest. Bulb hearth-shaped, anterior edge wider than distal edge ( Figs 64–65 , 74 ); RTA hook-like ( Fig. 64 ).

Female (CNAN-Ar01561, Michoacán). Total length: 4.50. Prosoma: 1.90 long, 1.30 wide, 0.70 high. Opisthosoma: 2.60 long. Eye field: 0.90 long, anterior 1.00 wide, posterior 1.00 wide. Cheliceral length 0.60. Length of leg segments I 1.00 + 0.60 + 0.80 + 0.60 + 0.30 = 3.30; II 0.80 + 0.40 + 0.60 + 0.50 + 0.40 = 2.70; III 0.70 + 0.40 + 0.60 + 0.50 + 0.40 = 2.60; IV 1.00 + 0.50 + 1.00 + 0.60 + 0.40 = 3.50. Leg spination: I: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1; Tb v 2-2 -2; Mt v 0-2- 2. II: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1; Tb v 1-1 -1; Mt v 0-2- 2. III: Fm d 1-1-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; Tb r 0-1-0; Mt v 0-0-1, p 0-0-2, r 0-0- 2. IV: d 1-1-1; Mt v 0-0-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1. Differences with the male: Legs: leg I stouter and longer than the other legs, dark brown with yellow tarsus ( Figs 27–29 ). Palp: yellow, as legs II–IV. Opisthosoma: oval, wider than in male ( Fig. 27 ). Epigyne: CO look like semi-oval transverse lines, opening downward ( Fig. 82 ). Internally the CD extend from anterior to posterior part forming two slight curves, first loop (anterior part) wider at the base and abruptly thinning at the middle, moderately curved and extending beyond the level of spermatheca; spermatheca as wide as long ( Figs 82–83 ).

Variation. Males (n = 11). Total length 3.70–4.70. Prosoma: 1.50–2.10 long, 1.20–1.40 wide, 0.70–0.80 high. Opisthosoma: 1.80–2.60 long. Eye field: 0.70–1.00 long, anterior width 0.70–1.00, posterior width 0.70–1.00. Cheliceral length 0.50–0.70. Females (n = 7). Total length: 4.10–5.80. Prosoma: 1.50–1.90 long, 1.10–1.30 wide, 0.70 high. Opisthosoma: 2.20–4.00 long. Eye field: 0.70–0.90 long, anterior width 0.80–1.00, posterior width 0.80–1.00. Cheliceral length 0.50–0.60. In some males (n = 4) the bicuspid tooth on chelicera is more like a single cuspid tooth, probably due to aging.

Distribution. Estates of Jalisco, Michoacán and Morelos, Mexico ( Fig. 17 ).

Natural history. We do not know the specific habitat of the holotype. The other specimens examined were found during the day wandering on the lower leaves of trees and other plants in fragmented oak forest ( Figs 19–20 ), and in a garden at the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo at 2001–2159 m elevation. The specimens found in Morelos, La Cruz Huitzilac ( Fig. 22 ), shared habitat with A. grisae sp. nov. Anicius dolius is the only species of Anicius that we found living in both temperate forests (oak-pine forests and cloud forest), and in perturbed areas with secondary vegetation, as in the city of Morelia.

Figures

FIGURES 17. Distribution records of the species of Anicius Chamberlin, 1925.

FIGURES 1–12. Live specimens. 1–2 Anicius dolius (1 male, 2 female); A. chiapanecus sp. nov. (3 male, 4 female); 5–6 A. cielito sp. nov. (5 male holotype, 6 female paratype); 7–8 A. faunus sp. nov. (7 male holotype, 8 female paratype); 9–10 A. grisae sp. nov. (9 male holotype, 10 female paratype); 11–12 A. maddisoni sp. nov. (11 male holotype, 12 female paratype). Photographs 3–4: © W. P. Maddison, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

FIGURES 13–16. Anicius dolius. 13 SEM of epigastric region of male (ventral view), showing absence of epiandric fusules; 14 detail of previous image; 15 male chelicera, retrolateral; 16 female chelicera, retrolateral.

FIGURES 24–29. Anicius dolius 24–26 male (CNAN-Ar010558) (24 dorsal, 25 ventral, 26 lateral). 27–29 female (CNAN- Ar01561) (27 dorsal, 28 ventral, 29 lateral). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 60–71. Left male palp of Anicius species, ventral view. 60–61 A. chiapanecus sp. nov.; 62–63 A. cielito sp. nov.; 64–65 A. dolius; 66–67 A. faunus sp. nov.; 68–69 A. grisae sp. nov.; 70–71 A. maddisoni sp. nov. Scale bars: 200 μm.

FIGURES 72–77. Left male palp, SEM, ventral. 72 A. chiapanecus sp. nov.; 73 A. cielito sp. nov.; 74 A. dolius; 75 A. faunus sp. nov.; 76 A. grisae sp. nov.; 77 A. maddisoni sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 78–89. Female genitalia of Anicius species, dorsal, microscope photos and drawings. 78–79 A. chiapanecus sp. nov.; 80–81 A. cielito sp. nov.; 82–83 A. dolius; 84–85 A. faunus sp. nov.; 86–87 A. grisae sp. nov.; 88–89 A. maddisoni sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 18–23. Typical habitats where the species of Anicius. 18 cloud forest in type locality of A. cielito sp. nov.; 19 forest with oaks (Michoacán), habitat of A. dolius; 20 fragmented oak forest (Michoacán), habitat of A. dolius; 21 pine-oak forest, type locality of A. faunus sp. nov.; 22 oak-pine forest, type locality of A. grisae sp. nov.; 23 fragmented oak forest in the type locality of A. maddisoni sp. nov.