Diadema setosum ( Leske, 1778 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 29-30

Diadema setosum ( Leske, 1778)

Fig. 28 A–B.

Diadema saxatile: Döderlein, 1910: 247 ; Mortensen, 1904: 9 –14. Pl. III, Figs 22–23 , 29 . Pl. IV, Figs 26 , 31 , 34 . Pl. V. Figs 2 , 5 , 8 , 12 , 14 , 15 .

Centrechinus setosum: H.L. Clark, 1923: 372 –373.

Diadema setosum: A. Agassiz, 1879: 73 ; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 43; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 226; Richmond, 1997: 294; Samyn, 2003: 203, Figs 3 A, A’; Branch et al., 2010: 234, Fig. 105.1; Schultz, 2010: 104, Figs 187–190.

Material examined. None, entry based on literature.

Identification. Maximum of five interambulacra tubercles in horizontal series; Genital plates with blue spots, white spots on interambulacra midline; anal opening encircled by orange band. Spines and test black, spines banded black and white in juveniles.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 90 mm.

Global distribution. East coast of Africa, South Africa to Australia and from Japan to Tonga; from littoral to 140 m ( Döderlein 1910; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. Distribution ranges of both D. savignyi and D. setosum overlap, thus species may be confused. However, differences exist in color of anal cone, which in D. savignyi is entirely black rather than orange-banded in D. setosum ( Coppard & Cambell 2006) . The number of interambulacra tubercles in the horizontal series also differs, with D. savignyi having a maximum of five tubercles and D. setosum up to seven.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717).

FIGURE 28. Diadema setosum A. Map showing distribution. B. Live juvenile specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).

FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC- 077783).

FIGURE 31. Bathysalenia phoinissa (MBC- 077789). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 34. Coelopleurus maillardi (MBC- 077798). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up view of interambulacra.