Parechinus angulosus ( Leske, 1778 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 42-43

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022737
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0-FF8E-FFF6-FF57-FDFDFB7FFD7F
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Parechinus angulosus ( Leske, 1778 )
status

Treatment

Parechinus angulosus ( Leske, 1778) View in CoL

Fig. 45 View FIGURE 45 A–C.

Echinus angulosus: A. Agassiz, 1881: 115 ; A. Agassiz, 1872 –1874: 22, 489. Pl. VII, Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a; Bell, 1904: 169 –170.

Echinus View in CoL juv: Bell, 1904: 171.

Protocentrotus angulosus: Döderlein, 1906: 204 View in CoL –207. Pl. XXVII, Figs 6–8 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 . Pl. XXXV, Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 . Pl. XLVII, Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ; Döderlein, 1910: 247, 258.

Protocentrotus annulatus: Döderlein, 1910: 248 View in CoL .

Parechinus angulosus var. pallidus: H.L. Clark, 1924: 9 View in CoL .

Parechinus angulosus: H.L. Clark, 1923: 385 View in CoL –386; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 117; Mortensen, 1943: 148 –156. Pl. XVIII, Figs 8–19 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 , 22 View FIGURE 22 . Pl. LVIII, Figs 20–21 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 26–32 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 View FIGURE 30 View FIGURE 31 View FIGURE 32 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 237; Branch et al., 2010: 234, Fig. 105.6; Schultz, 2010: 196, Figs 364–369.

Material examined. MBC-A077856; A23713; SAMC-A23419; MBC-A077843; MBC-A077862; MBC- A077865; MBC-A077854; MBC-A077861; MBC-A077845; MBC-A077866; MBC-A077875; MBC-A077868; MBC-A077852; MBC-A077851; MBC-A077858; MBC-A077857; A47969; MBC-A077996; MBC-A077863; MBC-A077853; MBC-A077864; MBC-A 022222; MBC-A 022223; MBC-A 022224; MBC-A 022225; MBC- A 022226; MBC-A 022227; MBC-A 022228; MBC-A 022257; MBC-A 022297; MBC-A 022676; MBC-A 023070; MBC-A023315; MBC-A027729; MBC-A027730; MBC-A027731; MBC-A027732; MBC-A027733; MBC- A027954; MBC-A027965; MBC-A027966; MBC-A077859; MBC-A077860; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077869; MBC-A077825; MBC-A077824; MBC-A077867; MBC-A077873; MBC-A077844; MBC- A077842; A23069; MBC-A077846; MBC-A077847; MBC-A077848; MBC-A077849; MBC-A077850; SAMC- 9/4; MBC-A077870; MBC-A077871; MBC-A077872; A 28052 View Materials ; A22964; MBC-A077874; A23079; A22737; A22736; A22735; A22750 View Materials ; A27728 View Materials .

Identification. Moderately sized test, round to pentagonal outline. Primary spines slender, not longer than 13 mm; littoral species having more robust, short spines. Tube feet thick, long, densely arranged. Spines vary greatly in color, from green, dark purple with violet to intense red with white tips, occasionally uniformly red or white; test uniformly green, with brownish median zones.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 60 mm.

Global distribution. Angola round the Cape, northward to Mozambique, in littoral zones to 180 m depth ( Döderlein 1910; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. Common throughout the South African coastline and the dominant coastal echinoid in most areas. Extraordinary variety of color-morph is displayed within this species, some specimens are of uniform color and others have white-tipped spines ( Mortensen 1943; Schultz 2010). Variation in adult and juvenile forms also reported, with juveniles having banded spines and a conspicuous suranal plate ( Schultz 2010).