Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842)

MACHADO, RENATO JOSÉ PIRES & RAFAEL, JOSÉ ALBERTINO, 2010, Taxonomy of the Brazilian species previously placed in Mantispa Illiger, 1798 (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), with the description of three new species, Zootaxa 2454 (1), pp. 1-61 : 55-60

Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842)

(Figs. 29–30)

Mantispa viridula Erichson, 1839: 170 ; Williner & Kormilev 1958: 6, Figs. 13. (redesc.); Stange 1967: 20 (cat.); Penny 1977: 36 (list.); 1982a: 222, (cit.); 1982b: 459, (list.); Penny & Costa 1983: 683 (list.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 852. (list.), Ohl 2004: 207 (cat.). Type locality: Brazil. Syntypes (ZMB, MCZ).

Mantispilla virescens Rambur, 1842: 433 ; Ohl 2004: 207 (synon.). Type locality: South America. Holotype male (ISNB) not studied.

Mantispilla punctata Stitz, 1913: 20 ; Penny 1977: 36 (list.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 852. (list.); Ohl 2004: 207 (synon.). Type locality: Brazil: Mato Grosso. Holotype male (ZMB).

Mantispa punctata ; Penny 1977: 36 (list.); Penny & Costa 1983: 683 (list.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 852. (list.).

Mantispilla punctata var. major Stitz, 1913: 20 ; Ohl 2004: 207 (synon.). Type locality: Brazil. Holotype (ZMB).

Mantispilla stigmata Stitz, 1913: 20 ; Penny 1977: 36 (list.); Ohl 2004: 207 (synon.). Type locality: Brazil: Espírito Santo. Holotype male (ZMB).

Mantispa stigmata ; Penny 1977: 36 (list.).

Mantispilla viridis Stitz, 1913: 29 . Figs. 27; Penny 1977: 36 (list.); 1982a: 222 (cit.); 1982b: 459 (list.); Penny & Costa 1983: 683 (list.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 852. (list.); Ohl 2004: 207 (synon.). Type locality: Paraguay. Syntypes female (ZMB).

(non) Mantispa minuta (Fabricius, 1775) ; Penny 1977: 35 (list.); 1982: 459. Figs. 104 –108 (redesc.); Penny & Costa 1983: 682. Figs. 65–67 (redesc.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 852. Figs. 23–30 (redesc.); Berti-Filho et al. 2002: 159 (biol.).

(non) Zeugomantispa viridula (Erichson) ; Hoffman 2002: 274. Figs. 541, 591, 596, 601 (diag.).

Zeugomantispa virescens ; Ohl 2004: 207 (cat.); Reynoso-Velasco & Contreras-Ramos 2008: 711 (list.).

Redescription, male. Vertex green, except for yellow lateral stripes, that border eyes and posterior margin (Fig. 29c). Some specimens with small red spots behind antennae and others with vertex almost completely yellow. Specimens stored for a long time generally yellowish. Head, in frontal view, almost completely green, except labrum and clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 29a); some specimens with small red longitudinal medial stripe. Mandible apex dark reddish brown, other mouthparts pale yellow. Antenna with scape green ventrally, reddish brown dorsally; pedicel reddish brown; and flagellum dark brown (Fig. 29a).

Pronotum: nearly straight in lateral view and completely covered by setae arising from dorsal bumps. Length-width-ratio at maculae: 4.9–7.0. Green, some specimens with anterior border red laterally and others with central longitudinal yellow stripe (Fig. 29c). Pteronotum: green, except for some specimens with central longitudinal yellow stripe. Both scutella green in specimens without yellow stripe, yellow in those with stripe; 2–9 pores each other (Fig. 29c). Pteropleura green or yellow when stored for a long time (Fig. 29b).

Foreleg: coxa, trochanter, femur basal spine, tibia apex and tarsomeres light yellow. Femur green, except for spines apex light brown (Fig. 29d, e); some specimens with yellow dorsal spot. Tibia green, except at apex. Mid and hindlegs green, except tibiae apex yellow. Tarsal claws with 3–4 teeth.

Forewing: length: 6.2–11.6 mm, 6 costal crossveins, 8–13 veins extended posteriorly from RP. Hyaline, except cell 1AP apex yellow. Pterostigma light green. Veins green, except vein junctions, apices, and crossveins dark brown. RA, C and Sc completely green (Fig. 29f). Hindwing: 5–6 costal crossveins and 8–14 veins extended posteriorly from RP. Color pattern similar to forewing, except for cell 1AP apex hyaline (Fig. 29f).

Abdomen green, some specimens with central yellow longitudinal stripe dorsally and ventrally, others with sternites completely yellow and, others with small red spots. Pleura dark green with red spots in some specimens. Pores in membranes between tergites III–V. Membranes with central invagination, not completely separating in two distinct patches. Each group with 5–8 pores ( Fig. 30a ).

Terminalia: ectoproct with posterior border rounded, ventromedial lobe not sclerotized and with 36–48 stout setae ( Fig. 30b ). Sternite IX subpentagonal, with small rounded lobe at posterior border, in ventral view ( Fig. 30c ). Gonarcus median lobe short and rounded ( Fig. 30d, e ). Gonocoxite base large in dorsal view ( Fig. 30f ). Mediuncus base wide in lateral and dorsal view, apex bifurcate ( Fig. 30f, g ). Gonarcal membrane without group of spinules ( Fig. 30f, g ). Pseudopenal membrane with small scales on dorsal surface ( Fig. 30f ). Hypomere irregularly shaped with small granules ( Fig. 30f, g ).

Female. Similar to male, except forewing length 7.7–13.1 mm, 8–14 veins extend posteriorly from RP. Hindwing with 8–15 veins extended posteriorly from RP.

Terminalia: ectoproct as long as gonocoxite ( Fig. 30k ). Sternite VIII very reduced and usually covered by sternite VII in ventral view ( Fig. 30i ). Spermathecal duct coiled and widen distally ( Fig. 30j ) Fertilization canal, and capsule covered by minuscule setae, except at canal base ( Fig. 30h ).

Geographical data. Neotropical, from Central Mexico to Argentina ( Ohl 2004; Reynoso-Velasco & Contreras-Ramos 2008). This is the most common species in Brazil, reported from all regions.

Bionomy. Specimens may be collected at any time of year. Biology is poorly known. Berti-Filho et. al, (2002) observed six individuals emerge from one egg sac of the web spider Parawixia bistriata (Rengger) .

Discussion. Zeugomantispa virescens is quite variable in size and color pattern. This variability may have caused confusion with the result that it was described many times by different authors. The complete synonymic list, according to Ohl (2004) is presented above. The Brazilian species has always been treated as Mantispa minuta (Fabricius, 1775) (Penny 1982; Penny & Costa 1983; Carvalho & Corseuil 1995; Berti-Filho et. al 2002).

Based on the type analysis, Hoffman (2002) separated in two species the green mantispids of the New World, Z. minuta and Z. viridula (Erichson, 1839) . Z. minuta occurs from USA to Argentina, but not Brazil, while Z. viridula is found from central Mexico to Argentina, including Brazil.

Although, Hoffman (2002) stated that the valid name of the species was Z. viridula, Ohl (2004) studied the types and found that Z. virescens has priority over Z. viridula . This name is a junior secondary homonym of M. viridula (Houttuyn in Stoll, 1813) which was synonymized with Z. minuta (Fabricius) by Ohl (2004) therefore that name is no longer available.

Consequently, the oldest name that prevails is Z. virescens (Rambur) . The specimens treated as M. minuta in Brazilian studies (Penny 1982; Penny & Costa 1983; Carvalho & Corseuil 1995; Berti-Filho et. al 2002) must now be considered to be Z. virescens . We confirm this treatment here, where we analyzed more than 300 specimens (see the list below) from several states in Brazil and they are all recognizable as Z. virescens .

Penny (1982b) did not mention hypomere in the descriptions nor the illustrations of M. minuta . However it is present and is easily seen.

Material examined: Brazil: Roraima: Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá , iii. xi.1987, luz, Mantispa minuta Fabricius , det. N. Penny 1988 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Pacaraima , 04°29’32’’N – 61°07’58’’W, x.2004, luz (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Amazonas: Barcelos: Rio Aracá , 0º37’11’’S – 62º52’34’’W, viii.2008, luz barco (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Rio Solimões, Lago do José, Prox [imidade] Manaus , viii, 1979, fogging (1 ♂ – INPA); AM 010 Km 246, vii.1979, luz 40m, Mantispa viridula Erichson det. N.D.Penny 1980 (1 ♂, 2?– INPA) ; Km-54, BI-2, v.2003 (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Manaus–Itacoatiara Km. 244, i.1977 (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Tabatinga , 04°12’15’’S – 69°54’32’’W, ix.2005, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Coari , 03°51’29’’S – 62°35’31’’W, xii.2005, luminosa (6 ♂, 6 ♀ – INPA) ; Manacapuru, Com [unidade] Lauro Sodré , 03°20’55’’S – 60°27’35’’W xi.2005, luminosa (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Manaus , xii.1977, iv.90 (1 ♂ – INPA) ; INPA– Campus II, 03°06’07’’S – 60°01’30’’W, ix.2005, Coleta Manual (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Aquariquara , ii.2006, 02°55’51’’S – 59°58’59’’W (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Res [erva] Ducke , 02°55’S – 59°59’W, v.2003 (1 ♀ – INPA); ZF2 , torre 40 m, 02°35’21’’S – 60°06’55’’W, i. iii–xii.2004, luz (14 ♂, 13 ♀ – INPA) ; x–xi.2003 (2 ♂, 5 ♀ – INPA) ; i.1997 (1 ♀ – INPA) ; x.2007 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; xi.2005, luz móvel (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Km 34: Base LBA, 02º35’37’’S – 60º12’39’’W, vii.2008, luz dossel, 30 mts (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Lago do Rei: Ilha do Careiro , iv.1967 (1 ♂ – MZUSP) ; Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240 Km 24, 02°00’55’’S – 59°49’40’’W, vii.2005, luz (1 ♂ – INPA) ; BR-174 Km 185, 01°26’21’’S – 60°18’04’’W, i.2006 (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Estr [ada] Balbina Km 24, 02°35’21’’S – 60°06’55’’W, x.2003, luz (4 ♂ – INPA) ; x.2008 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; L Castanho , iv.1977, Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille , det. N.D.Penny 1982 (1 ♀ – INPA) ; AM-010 Km 246, vii.1979, J.R.Arias, Mantispa viridula Erichson , det. N.D.Penny 1980 (1?– MPEG) ; Itacoatiara, Madereira MIL, 02°45’10’’S – 58°39’11’’W, xi–xii.2005, luminosa móvel, (6 ♂, 3 ♀ – INPA) ; Rio Nhamundá, Ig. [Igarapé] Areias 01º35’11’’S – 57º37’32’’W, v.2008, luz barco (1?– INPA) ; Maués: Rio Abacaxis , 05º15’09’’S – 58º41’52’’W, v.2008, luz dossel (1 ♀ – INPA) ; luz barco (2 ♀ – INPA) ; Pará: São João de Pirabas, Japerica , Ilha Conceição , xii.1992, luz (3 ♂, 4 ♀ – MPEG) ; Benevides, Sítio Taunus , xi.2002, coleta noturna (1 ♀ – MPEG) ; Serra Norte-Carajás , x.1982, luz (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Belém, Fl [oresta] Utinga , v.1980 (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Pojuca , luz, ix.1985 (2 ♀ – MPEG); Caldeirão, col[eta] noturna, x.1984 (2 ♀ - MPEG) ; Belterra: FLONA Tapajós , 02º36’15’’S – 54º56’35’’W, iv.2008, luz (4 ♀, 1?– INPA) ; Belo Monte: Rod. [Rodovia] Transamazônica 03º05’52’’S – 51º41’31’’W, iv.2008, luz (3 ♂, 4 ♀ – INPA) ; Anapú: Rod. [Rodovia] Transamazônica 03º24’18’’S – 51º16’37’’W, iv.2008, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Alter do Chão , ii.1991.92, J.A.Rafael, Malaise (2 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Igarapé Sonrisal , iv.2008, luz (4 ♀ – INPA) ; Jacareacanga , x.1959 (1 ♀ –MZUEFS) Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, INPA/ Ceplac , 10°43’00’’S – 62°14’45’’W, iv.2006 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Vilhena , 12°46’55’’S – 60°22’18’’W, iv.2006 (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Guaporé , 16°12’05’’S – 60°42’30’’W, iv.2006 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Maranhão: São Luís: Mangue, luz, i.2004 (1 ♀ –CZMA); Caxias: Riacho Fazenda Nova , luz, ii.2004 (1 ♂ –CZMA); Inhamum , 535 m, 04°54’39’’S – 43°25’16’’W, v.2007, luz (3 ♂, 2 ♀ – INPA) ; Araguaná: Rio Turiaçu , luz, x.2008 (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Alto Rio Turiaçu: Res. Indígena Awaguajá, luz, iii.2002 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ –CZMA); Cândido Mendes: Fazenda 7 Irmãos , luz, x.2008 , 01º51’37’’S – 45º46’10’’W (1 ♀ –INPA; 1 ♂ –CZMA); Mirador: Zona Rural: Sítio Melância , luz, xii.2006 (1 ♂ –CZMA); Parque Est. Mirador : Base Geraldina , xii.2006 (2 ♂, 4 ♀ –CZMA); luz, ii. ix.2007 (1 ♂, 4 ♀ –CZMA); viii– ix.2008 (4 ♂ –CZMA) 06°37’26’’S – 45°52’09’’W, ix.2006, luz (1 ♂, 3 ♀ – INPA) ; Carolina: Balneário Urupuchete , luz, i.2008 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ –CZMA) ; Rio Grande do Norte: Natal : EMPARN, 05°45’56’’S – 35°11’21’’W, v.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Mato Grosso: Reserva Humboldt , 10°11’S – 59°48’, iii.1977 (1 ♀ –INPA; 1 ♀ – MPEG) ; Poconé, Faz [enda] Ipiranga , 16°23’06’’S – 56°35’28’’W, v.2006, luz (21 ♂, 7 ♀ – INPA) ; Chap [ada] dos Guimarães, Faz [enda] Buriti , luz, v.1984 (1 ♂ – MPEG) ; Goiás: Caldas Novas : P. E. Serra de Caldas Novas, 17º46’13’’S – 48º39’22’’W, iii.2008, luz (2 ♂ – INPA) ; Jataí: Faz. Nova Orlandia , i.1964 (2 ♂, 7 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Distrito Federal: Brasília : beira lago, x.1977 (1 ♂ – UNB) ; UNB, viii.1971 (1 ♂ – UNB) ; Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó: Rio Capivara , luz, xii.1974 (3 ♂, 1 ♀ – MZUSP) ; iv.1975 (6 ♀ – MZUSP) ; 22.ix.1976 (4 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Poços de Caldas , xi.1971 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, –MZUEFS); Alem Paraiba, 28.x.1984 (1 ♀, –MZUEFS) ; Bahia: Senhor do Bonfim: Serra de Santana , 10°23’23’’S – 40°11’59’’W, v.2007, luz (13 ♂, 6 ♀, 1?– INPA) ; UTM: 367691/8850126, x.2005 (1 ♂ –MZUEFS); Juazeiro , caatinga, v.1974 (1?– MNRJ) ; Lençóis, Rio Santo Antônio , 12°29’24’’S – 41°16’46’’W, vi.2007, luz (3 ♂, 2 ♀ – INPA) ; light trap, x.1999, (1 ♀ –MZUEFS); 12 Km a NE de Lençóis, Aeroporto, v.2000 (1 ♀ –MZUEFS); 4 Km a NW de Lençóis, x.1999 (1 ♀ –MZUEFS); Mucugê: Rio Cumbica , 12°59’26’’S – 41°21’01’’W, vi.2007, luz (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Cachoeira Faz. Vila Rial , 14°36’23’’S – 38°53’47’’W, v.2007, luz (3 ♂ – INPA) ; Camacan: Res. [erva] Serra Bonita , 15°23’30’’S – 39°33’57’’W, v.2007, luz (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Encruzilhada , 15º32’25’’S – 40º50’12’’W, xii.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Brasil: Bahia: Salvador , x.1951 (1 ♂ – MNRJ) ; Espírito Santo: Linhares: Res. Vale Rio Doce , 19°14’46’’S – 39°57’40’’W, v.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Domingos Martins: Res [erva]. Kaustsky , 20°22’29’’S – 40°39’36’’W, v.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Vitória: Pq. [Parque] Estadual Fonte Grande , 28°18’33’’S – 40°20’29’’W, v.2007, luz (2 ♂, 1 ♀ – INPA) ; Rio de Janeiro: Jussaral , v.1934, Mantispa viridula E. Williner (2 ♀ – MNRJ) ; Angra–Jussaral , xii.1934 (1 ♀ – MNRJ) ; Sta. Cruz , vii.1940 (2 ♂ – MNRJ) ; Guaratiba ,

i.1956 (1?– MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro , v.1936 (1 ♀ – MNRJ); Macaé: P. N. Jurubatiba, restinga, 22°16’40’’S – 41°41’35’’W , v.2007, luz (1 ♂ – INPA); Estr. Rio – S. Paulo: Km 47, iv . xii.1942 (2 ♂ – MNRJ) ; xi.1944

(1 ♂ – MNRJ); iii.viii. x.1945 (3 ♀ – MNRJ) ; vi. viii.1959 (3 ♀ – MNRJ) ; São Paulo: Barueri , xii.1965 (3 ♂ – MZUSP) ; xi.1961 (1 ♂ – MZUSP) ; i–ii.1962 (2 ♂, 1 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Nova Europa: Faz. Itaquerê , v.1968 (2 ♂ – MZUSP) ; Itu: Faz. [enda] Pau d’alho, xii.1961 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Faz. [enda] Cuiabá , iv.2007 (1 ♂ – MZUSP) ; São Paulo: [Instituto] Butantã , vii.1970 (1?– MZUSP) ; Piracicaba : ESALQ, luz, 1980 (1 ♂ – MZUSP) ; Marilia : i.1948 (1 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Paraná: Jaguariaiva , iii.1970, Mantispa minuta Fabricius , det. N. D. Penny 1982 (4?– DZUP) ; Castro: Parque Est. [adual] Guartelá , 24°33’45’’S – 50°15’32’’W, xi.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA) ; Morretes : IAPAR, ix.1976, luminosa (1 ♀ – DZUP) ; Rio Nhundiaquara , 25°24’09’’S – 45°52’21’’W, v.2006, luz (1 ♂ – INPA) ; iv.2006, Malaise, (1 ♂ – INPA) ; Santa Catarina: Ilhota: Morro do Báu , xii.1975 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – MZUSP) ; Itapema , i.1976 (1 ♂ – DZUP) .

Here, all Brazilian species previously classified in Mantispa ( Carvalho & Corseuil 1995; Penny 1982; Penny & Costa 1983) are now updated following Hoffman (2002). The genera created by Hoffman (2002) are very consistent and all are based mainly on the male terminalia, the body parts that are of great taxonomic importance for insects.

Figures

FIGURE 30. Zeugomantispa virescens: male: a, abdominal tergites; b, terminalia, dorsal view; c, sternite IX, ventral view; d, gonarcus, dorsal view; e, gonarcus, posterior view; f, genitalia, dorsal view; g, genitalia, lateral view; female: h, fertilization canal; i, sternite VIII and posterior border of sternite VII, ventral view; j, spermatheca; k, terminalia, lateral