Gnotus chionops ( Gravenhorst, 1829 )

Watanabe, Kyohei, 2021, Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Study of the Japanese Phygadeuontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with Descriptions of 17 New Species, Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 50, pp. 55-136 : 114-115

Gnotus chionops ( Gravenhorst, 1829)

(SJN: Himesuga-chibi-togari-himebachi)

( Figs 50A–D , 62L , 65T )

Hemiteles chionops Gravenhorst, 1829: 797 .

Hemiteles scutellator Lange, 1911: 543 .

Description based on Japanese specimens. Female (n=21). Body length 3.8–7.1 mm. Body polished, covered with silver setae.

Head. Clypeus 2.0 times as wide as maximum length, covered with long setae, its anterior margin truncate, without teeth. Face densely punctate ( Fig. 50B ). MSL 0.7–0.75 times as long as BWM. Frons densely punctate, the interspace of punctures coriaceous. Gena and vertex densely punctate. OOL slightly shorter than POL. OOL and POL longer than OD. Occipital carina complete, its lower end strongly curved inward and joined with hypostomal carina distant from mandibular base. Upper tooth of mandible 3.0 times as long as lower tooth ( Fig. 62L ). Base of mandible slightly concave. Antenna with 20–21 flagellomeres. Subapical part of antenna slightly wider than basal part. FL III 2.67–3.3 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view.

Mesosoma. Lateral part of pronotum punctate dorsally, longitudinally rugulose ventrally. Epomia distinct. Mesoscutum densely punctate. Notaulus distinct, fading out near center of mesoscutum. Scutellum punctate, with a lateral longitudinal carina except for apex. Mesopleuron longitudinally rugulose except for smooth speculum. Subtegular ridge strongly raised. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum absent in front of mid coxae. Metapleuron densely punctate, with a complete juxtacoxal carina. Propodeal carinae complete except for reduced posterior section of lateromedian longitudinal carina. Area basalis and area superomedia distinct ( Figs 50D , 65T ). Postero-lateral corner of area dentipara weakly projected. Anterior and median parts of propodeum densely and shallowly punctate ( Fig. 50D ). Posterior part of propodeum coriaceous with oblique rugae. Length of fore wing 3.4–5.5 mm. Areolet absent. Vein 2m-cu of fore wing with two bullae. Nervellus slightly inclivous, intercepted behind the middle. Hind femur 4.7–4.9 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Hind TS I: II: III: IV: V = 2.0: 0.8– 0.85: 0.6: 0.2–0.25: 0.55. Tarsal claws simple.

Metasoma. T I 2.0–2.1 times as long as maximum width, punctate, some punctures longitudinally lined. Median dorsal carina of T I absent. Dorsolateral carina of T I complete. T II to T V wider than long, densely and finely punctate. Ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.05 times as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor straight, with a weak nodus and ventral teeth.

Coloration ( Figs 50A–D ). Body (excluding wings and legs) black to blackish brown. Basal half of antenna tinged with yellowish brown. Yellowish area of antenna sometimes reduced into ventral yellow markings of scape and pedicel. Mandible except for darkened apex, palpi, postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, and tegula yellow. Malar space and collar usually more or less tinged with yellowish brown. T II and T III largely or entirely reddish brown. T IV to T VI more or less tinged with brown. Posterior margins of T VI and T VII white. Membranous part of metasomal sternites yellowish brown. Ovipositor reddish brown. Wings hyaline. Veins yellowish brown to brown. Pterostigma brown to dark brown except for pale base. Legs reddish brown. Fore and mid coxae and all trochanters, trochantelli, and tibial spurs whitish yellow. Apical parts of hind femur and tibia more or less darkened.

Male. Not study in this study.

Materials examined. JAPAN: KPM-NK 82093 , F, Tochigi Pref., Nasushiobara City, Shiobara, Utou-sawa , 22–28. V. 2008, T. Matsumura leg. (MsT) ; KPM-NK 82097 , KPM-NK 82102 , 2 F, Tochigi Pref., Nasushiobara City, Shiobara, Sakurakoen-bochi , 12–19. V. 2008, T. Matsumura leg. (MsT) ; KPM-NK 82104 , F, Ibaraki Pref., Daigo Town, Mt. Yamizo , 31. VII. 2010, T. Kurihara leg. ; KPM-NK 82091 , 82098 , 2 F, Tokyo, Izuoshima Is., Oshima Town, Sashikiji , Mt. Futago , 5–31. X. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. (MsT) ; KPM-NK 82100 , F, Tokyo, Hachijojima Is., Hachijyo Town, Mitsune, Mihararindo , 20. V. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. ; KPM-NK 82103 , F, Kanagawa Pref., Hadano City, Mt. Koubou-yama , 26. V. 2013, K. Watanabe leg. ; KPM-NK 82092 , F, Yamanashi Pref., Koushu City, Katsunuma Town, Ootaki-fudou , 9. VII. 2007, K. Watanabe leg. ; KPM-NK 82087 , F, Nagano Pref., Ōtaki Vil., Mt. Ontake-san , 25. VI. – 15. VII. 2015, S. Shimizu leg. (MsT) ; KPM-NK 82096 , F, Nagano Pref., Outaki Vil., Mt. Ontakesan, Hakkaisan , 6. VIII. 2010, K. Watanabe leg. ; KPM-NK 82089 , F, Tochigi Pref., Nasushiobara, Osonozawa , 13–21. IV. 2011, T. Matsumura leg. (MsT) ; KPM-NK 82099 , F, Niigata Pref., Sado Is., Kanaishinbo, Hakuundai to Mt. Myokenzan , 4. VIII. 2009, K. Watanabe leg. ; KPM-NK 82088 , F, Niigata Pref., Myoukou City, Suginosawa, Myoukou-sasagamine , 10. IX. 2013, S. Shimizu leg. ; KPM-NK 82101 , F, ditto, 16. VII. 2013 ; TMNH, F, Aichi Pref., Shitara Town, Tsugu, Honsawa , 17. VI. 2019, S. Morishita leg. ; KPM-NK 82095 , F, Toyama Pref., Toyama City, Arimine, Jyuroudani , 21–28. VII. 2009 , M. Watanabe et al. leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 82090 , F, ditto, 11–16. VIII. 2009 ; KPM-NK 82094 , F, Toyama Pref., Toyama City, Arimine, Inonedani , 7–14. VII. 2009 , M. Watanabe et al. leg. (MsT). GERMANY: ZSM, F (det. Horstmann), “ 6. 8. 1950 Iburg, T. W.” .

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu*, Sado Is.*, Izuoshima Is.*, Hachijojima Is.*, Amamioshima Is., Okinoerabujima Is., and Iejima Is.); widely distributed in Holarctic region.

Bionomics. Unknown in Japan. In Europe, some species of Yponomeutidae ( Lepidoptera ) have been recorded as the host ( Yu et al., 2016).

Remarks. This is the first record of this species from Honshu, Sado Is., Izuoshima Is., and Hachijojima Is.

Figures

Fig. 50.Gnotus chionops (Gravenhorst, 1829), KPM-NK 82099, female from Japan ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view; D, propodeum, dorsal view.

Fig. 62. Bathythrix kuwanae Viereck, 1912 (A, KPM-NK 81718), Ba. margaretae Sawoniewicz, 1980 (B, KPM-NK 55017), Ba. thomsoni (Kerrich, 1942) (C, KPM-NK 81675), Diaglyptidea conformis (Gmelin, 1790) (D, KPM-NK 81645), Nipponaetes haeussleri (Uchida, 1933) (E, KPM-NK 81832), Acrolyta japonica sp. nov. (F, N, KPM-NK 54996, holotype), Acr. rufocincta (Gravenhorst, 1829) (G, KPM-NK 81732), Surculus japonicus sp. nov. (H, KPM-NK 81861, holotype), Isadelphus nigrus sp. nov. (I, KPM-NK 82003, holotype), Lochetica japonica sp. nov. (J, KPM-NK 81989, holotype), Megacara similis Sheng, 1999 (K, KPM-NK 81837), Gnotus chionops (Gravenhorst, 1829) (L, KPM-NK 82100), Gn. striatus (Uchida, 1930) (M, KPM-NK 82060), and Acr. flavicoxis Sheng & Sun, 2014 (O, KPM-NK 81837), females from Japan ― A–C, head, frontal view; D, E, head, lateral view; F–K, anterior margin of clypeus; L, M, mandible; N, O, basal part of antenna, lateral view.

Fig.65.Acrolyta japonica sp. nov. (A, KPM-NK 54996, holotype), Diaglyptidea conformis (Gmelin,1790) (B, KPM-NK 81650), Micraris ryukyuensis sp. nov. (C, KPM-NK 81873, holotype), Bathythrix kuwanae Viereck, 1912 (D, KPM-NK 81718), Bentyra ryukyuana sp. nov. (E, KPM-NK 81887, holotype), Chirotica matsukemushii (Matsumura, 1926) (F, KPM-NK 81906), Paraphylax politus sp. nov. (G, KPM-NK 55079, holotype), Pa. transstriatus sp. nov. (H, KPM-NK 55080, holotype), Pa. yakushimensis sp. nov. (I, KPM-NK 55081, holotype), Pa. yambarensis sp. nov. (J, KPM-NK 55085, holotype), Ethelurgus sodalis kumatai Kusigemati, 1983 (K, KPM- NK 81938), Aclastus etorofuensis (Uchida, 1936) (L, KPM-NK 81976), Hemiteles kuro sp. nov. (M, KPM-NK 55024, holotype), H. yamatonis sp. nov. (O, KPM-NK 55033, paratype), Isadelphus nigrus sp. nov. (P, KPM-NK 82003, holotype), Lochetica japonica sp. nov. (Q, KPM-NK 81989, holotype), Mastrus molestae (Uchida, 1933) (R, KPM-NK 81987), Ma.takadai Momoi, 1970 (R, KPM-NK 81979), Gnotus chionops (Gravenhorst, 1829) (L, KPM-NK 82104), Gn. striatus (Uchida, 1930) (M, KPM-NK 82061), Orthizema semanotae Sheng & Sun, 2014 (V, KPM-NK 82047), Nipponaetes haeussleri (Uchida, 1933) (W, KPM-NK 81832), and Surculus japonicus sp. nov. (X, KPM-NK 81861, holotype), females from Japan ― A-W, carinae around area superomedia of propodeum, dorsal view; X, T I, lateral view.