Paraphylax Förster, 1869

Watanabe, Kyohei, 2021, Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Study of the Japanese Phygadeuontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with Descriptions of 17 New Species, Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 50, pp. 55-136 : 80-81

Genus Paraphylax Förster, 1869

Strepsimallus Förster, 1869: 176 . Type: Strepsimallus bicintus Ashmead, 1905 . Included by Ashmead (1905).

Paraphylax Förster, 1869: 176 . Type: Paraphylax fasciatipennis Ashmead, 1904 . Included by Ashmead (1904).

Paurophatnus Cameron, 1905 b: 342 . Type: Paurophatnus annulipes Cameron, 1905 . Monobasic.

Valoga Cameron, 1911: 178 . Type: Valoga nitidisentis Cameron, 1911 . Monobasic.

Photoptera Viereck, 1913: 380 . Type: Photoptera erythronota Viereck, 1913 . Original designation.

Neotheroscopus Turner, 1927: 559. Type: Hemiteles (Neotheroscopus) caffer Turner, 1927 . Original designation.

Tsangamania Seyrig, 1952: 38 . Type: Tsangamania nimbipennis Seyrig, 1952 . Original designation.

Parallocota Seyrig, 1952: 86 . Type: Parallocota monotypa Seyrig, 1952 . Original designation.

Diodontops Seyrig, 1952: 90 . Type: Diodontops cubiceps Seyrig, 1952 . Original designation.

Resosoa Seyrig, 1952: 124 . Type: Resosoa ridens Seyrig, 1952 . Original designation.

Mioplectiscus Benoit, 1955: 339 . Type: Mioplectiscus basilewskyi Benoit, 1955 . Original designation.

Five species, Pa. agelenae (Momoi, 1966) , Pa. fumeae Momoi, 1966 , Pa. saigusai Momoi, 1966 , Pa. sakabei Momoi, 1966 , and Pa. subtilis Momoi, 1966 , have been recorded from Japan. All species except for Pa. agelenae are relatively rarely collected in the field investigations. I recognize at least eight additional species from Japan. In this study, I newly describe five of them below. The identification of remaining undetermined species requires additional specimens. In addition, I record some distributional data of Pa. agelenae , Pa. fumeae , Pa. sakabei , and Pa. subtilis below. Japanese species including three undetermined species can be distinguished by the following key.

Preliminary key to Japanese species of the genus Paraphylax (♀)

1. T II and T III covered with longitudinal striae except for smooth posterior area (e.g., Figs 21D , 22F ). ............................................................................................ 2

-. T II covered with punctures and/or striae, or smooth. T III without longitudinal striae ( Figs 23D , 24F ). ............................................................................................ 7

2. T I matt or polished, without longitudinal or transverse striae. ............................................................................................ 3

-. T I polished, largely covered with longitudinal or transverse striae. ............................................................................................ 4

3. T I polished, largely smooth. Collar largely reddish brown. Anterior part of T II black. Dark bands of fore wing obtuse. ..................................................... Pa. yambarensis sp. nov.

-. T I matt except for smooth area on posterior 0.25. Collar black. Anterior part of T II with conspicuous reddish yellow area. Dark bands of fore wing strong. ............................................................. Pa. elegans sp. nov.

4. Collar, mesoscutum, scutellum, and hind coxa black ( Fig. 21A ). Hind femur and tibia usually largely blackish brown except for a white base of the latter ( Fig. 21A ). Posterior margins of T I and T II usually tinged with reddish brown (reddish area of T II rarely expanded) ( Fig. 21D ). .............................................. Pa. agelenae (Momoi, 1966)

-. Collar sometimes with yellow markings. Mesoscutum and scutellum sometimes with red area ( Fig. 27C ). Hind coxa reddish brown to dark reddish brown (e.g., Fig. 27A ). Hind femur and tibia largely reddish brown to yellowish brown except for a white base of the latter (e.g., Fig. 27A ). ............................................................................................ 5

5. Posterior part of T I covered with transverse striae ( Fig. 27E ). T II entirely reddish brown ( Fig. 27C ). Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown ( Fig. 27C ). ..................................................... Pa. transstriatus sp. nov.

-. Posterior part of T I covered with longitudinal striae. T II partly or entirely reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown or black. ............................................................................................ 6

6. Collar with yellow markings. Anterior part of mesoscutum and scutellum partly tinged with reddish brown. Posterior part of T I to T III reddish yellow. .................................................. Pa. saigusai Momoi, 1966

-. Mesosoma entirely black. Posterior part of T I to T III reddish yellow and T II and T III usually largely tinged with reddish yellow ( Fig. 28G ). ................................................. Pa. yakushimensis sp. nov.

7. T III almost smooth ( Figs 24C, F , 25C ). ............................................................................................ 8

-. T III punctate or matt ( Fig. 26D ). ............................................................................................ 9

8. Pronotum black ( Fig. 25A ). T II covered with shallow and dense punctures except for smooth posterior part ( Fig. 25C ). Dark bands of fore wing weakly developed. Flagellum without a white band ( Fig. 25A ). ................................................... Pa. sakabei Momoi, 1966

-. Pronotum reddish yellow ( Fig. 24A ). T II almost smooth, without distinct punctures ( Figs 24C, F ). Dark bands of fore wing strongly developed ( Fig. 24E ). Flagellum with a white band ( Fig. 24A ). ............................................................... Pa. politus sp. nov.

9. Head and mesosoma with large yellowish brown to reddish brown areas (mesopleuron and metapleuron largely tinged with yellowish brown to reddish brown). ....................................... Pa. spp. (including at least 3 spp.)

-. Head and mesosoma largely or entirely black. .......................................................................................... 10

10. Mesopleuron with dense striae. Posterior margins of T I to T III broadly tinged with reddish brown ( Fig. 26D ). .................................................... Pa. subtilis Momoi, 1966

-. Mesopleuron with dense punctures. Posterior margins of T I to T III narrowly tinged with reddish brown. .................................................... Pa. fumeae Momoi, 1966

Figures

Fig. 21. Paraphylax agelenae (Momoi, 1966), KPM-NK 81816, female from Japan ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, metasoma, dorsal view; D, wings.

Fig. 22. Paraphylax elegans sp. nov., KPM-NK 55078, holotype, female ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view; D, head,mesoscutum, and scutellum, dorsal view; E, fore wing; F,T II and T III, dorsal view.

Fig. 23. Paraphylax fumeae Momoi, 1966, KPM-NK 81900, female from Japan ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesoscutum, and scutellum, dorsal view; D, T II to T VII, dorsal view.

Fig. 24. Paraphylax politus sp. nov., KPM-NK 55079, holotype, female ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view; D, mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view; E, fore wing; F, metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Fig. 27. Paraphylax transstriatus sp. nov., KPM-NK 55080, holotype, female ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view; D, wings; E, T I, dorso-lateral view.

Fig. 28. Paraphylax yakushimensis sp. nov., KPM-NK 55081, holotype, female ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view; D, mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view; E, propodeum, dorsal view; F, fore wing; G, metasoma, dorsal view.

Fig. 25. Paraphylax sakabei Momoi, 1966, KPM-NK 81902, female from Japan ―A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, metasoma, dorsal view.

Fig. 26. Paraphylax subtilis Momoi, 1966, KPM-NK 81901, female from Japan ― A, lateral habitus; B, head, frontal view; C, head, mesoscutum, and scutellum, dorsal view; D, T II, dorsal view.