Data, Walker, 1862

Chevrette, Marc G., Carlson, Caitlin M., Ortega, Humberto E., Thomas, Chris, Ananiev, Gene E., Barns, Kenneth J., Book, Adam J., Cagnazzo, Julian, Carlos, Camila, Flanigan, Will, Grubbs, Kirk J., Horn, Heidi A., Hoffmann, Michael, Klassen, Jonathan L., Knack, Jennifer J., Lewin, Gina R., McDonald, Bradon R., Mulle, Laura, Melo, Weilan G. P., Pinto-Tomás, Adrián A., Schmitz, Amber, Wendt-Pienkowski, Evelyn, Wildman, Scott, Zhao, Miao, Zhang, Fan, Bugni, Tim S., Andes, David R., Pupo, Monica T. & Currie, Cameron R., 2019, The antimicrobial potential from insect microbiomes of Streptomyces, Nature Communications 10 (516), pp. 1-11 : 10

Data availability

Genomic data can be found at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2436565. All other data are available in the main text or the supplementary materials; Permits for collections and accessing genetic resources in Brazil were issued by SISBIO #46555 – 5 and CNPq # 010936 /2014 – 9. Costa Rican collecting permits were issued by the Comisión Institucional de Biodiversidad (Institutional Biodiversity Committee, University of Costa Rica; Resolutions # 0 12 and 020; Material Transfer Agreement MTA VI-4307 – 2013) and authorized by La Selva Biological Station and Las Brisas Nature Reserve. A modified version of the southern pine beetle ( Fig. 1 ) photo from Erich G. Vallery is used under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Photos of Cyphomyrmex ( Figs. 1 and 5 ) are used under a perpetual commercial license from Alexander Wild.

Received: 18 October 2018 Accepted: 11 January 2019

Figures

Fig. 1 Sampling strategy for Streptomyces from insect microbiomes. Streptomyces were isolated from a wide range of insects and geographies (1445 insects; 10,178 strains; dot size, insects sampled). Streptomyces production of the antifungal mycangimycin (1) in the Southern Pine Beetle system is shown at right. Cyphomycin (2) is a new antifungal described herein. Photo credits: southern pine beetle - Erich G. Vallery; fungus-growing ant – Alexander Wild

Fig. 5 Insect-associated Streptomyces are a source of active antimicrobials. a Fractionated extracts from insect microbiomes are active in multiple murine models of drug-resistant infection. Less infective burden is seen in intraperitoneally treated mice after 8 h of infection. Each dot represents a unique fraction in one mouse study. (n = 15, 11, and 8 for C. albicans, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa models, respectively; center, median; box, upper and lower quantiles; whiskers, 1.5× interquartile range. b Most fractions from insect microbiomes show no hemolysis in cell-based assays. Safe indicates no toxicity at>100× concentration associated with efficacy. c The antifungal cyphomycin is produced by Streptomyces isolated from d the fungus-growing ant Cyphomyrmex sp. Photo credit: Alexander Wild e Cyphomycin-containing fractions show potency against the ant pathogen Escovopsis sp. (top left, bottom). f Purified cyphomycin exhibits potency against resistant pathogens. g Mouse candidiasis (C. albicans) models showcase reduced infection and a dose-like response to cyphomycin. Dots indicate individual mice