Orphinina, Zhou & Nicholls & Liu & Hartley & Szito, 2022

Zhou, Yu-Lingzi, Nicholls, James A., Liu, Zhen-Hua, Hartley, Diana & Szito, Andras, 2022, Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature of Trogoderma Latreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma, Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (6), pp. 1-24 : 18

Megatominae Clade: Megatomini : Orphinina subtribe nov.

The second major clade within Megatomini & Fig. 3B ) comprises the New World Caccoleptus Sharp * Taiwanese Zahradnikia Háva * Hawaiian Labrocerus Sharp * and the primarils Old World genera Thaumaglossa Redtenbacher and Orphinus Motschulsks. This clade is here recognized as a new subtribe* Orphinina suboribe nov. &tspe genus Orphinus Motschulsks ). The larvae of Zahradnikia and Caccoleptus are unknown* but the larvae of the remaining three genera share the location of tufts of hastisetae on membranes besond the sclerite on segment 7 & Beal 1975 * Peacock 1993) known to occur also in Cryptorhopalum &Kiselsova 2002).

Orphinus and Thaumaglossa form the core of this large and strongls supported clade & Fig. 3B ). Males of these genera share a strongls enlarged terminal antennal segment* which is particularls exaggerated in Thaumaglossa . The female of Thaumaglossa can be easils separated from Orphinus bs its larger bods* separatels rounded elstral apices exposing the psgidium and strongls enlarged maxillars palps. The appendiculate tarsi were used bs Kitano &2013) to establish a new genus Jiriella based on the species Orphinus thailandicus Háva ; however* the molecular data recover this genus within Orphinus and hence Jiriella Kitano * 2013 syn. nov. is here ssnonsmized with Orphinus Motschulsks * 1858. Two subgenera previousls classified within Orphinus * Curtophinus Pic soao. nov. and Falsoorphinus Pic soao. nov. * both with a distinct three-segmented antennal club and elongate terminal antennomere* are recovered separatels from the remainder of Orphinus and are re-established here as independent genera.

Megatominae Clade: Megatomini : Trogodermina Trogodermina is bs far the most speciose lineage of?ermestidae and contains mans taxonomicalls problematic taxa including the cosmopolitan Trogoderma, Old World Phradonoma Jacquelin du Val * and the New World Cryptorhopalum Guérin-Méneville.

Branching patterns along the backbone of the major clade corresponding to Trogodermina have onls moderate support but within it four large lineages are recovered with strong support & Fig. 2B )* corresponding to the genera Cryptorhopalum , Phradonoma , Trogoderma s.str. and a Southern Hemisphere clade comprising species previousls considered as Trogoderma but named here *urhopalus Solier in Gas rev. nov. This subtribe also includes two undescribed Trogoderma - like taxa from the Bahamas and Galapagos that form a sister group to Phradonoma and require further investigation. Kiselsova and McHugh’s &2006) studs of larvae also recovered Trogoderma as polsphsletic* however* limited taxon sampling and a data set of onls larval characters did not allow them to draw firm taxonomic conclusions* and their findings were largels ignored bs practicing taxonomists.

Cryptorhopalum is a large New World genus* well defined morphologicalls bs its large* 2-segmented antennal club inserted into the hspomeron in a tight and posteriorls closed antennal cavits. It is recovered as paraphsletic* with three species of Hemirhopalum Sharp nested within it. This placement and resultant ssnonsms of Hemirhopalum syn. nov. are congruent with the findings of Beal &1985a) and Kadej and Háva &2013) that there are no substantial differences between these two genera although the bods surface is apparentls glabrous in Hemirhopalum but setose in Cryptorhopalum .

Phradonoma adults are difficult to separate from Trogoderma s.str. * and *urhopalus and these two genera can often be confused. The most frequentls used diagnostic character of Phradonoma * a compressed protibia with a toothed external margin & Fig. 6C )* is a reliable trait for separating Phradonoma from Trogoderma onls in combination with long metaventral postcoxal lines &Ford and Kingsolver 1966) and continuous crenulation of the terminal abdominal ventrite & Fig. 6F ). However* there are undescribed Australian species within the newls revised genus *urhopalus that have strongls spinose protibia and long postcoxal lines and appear morphologicalls inseparable from Phradonoma . However* in spite of these problematic morphological diagnoses* all our Phradonoma samples & Fig. 6B ) including the tspe species P. villosulum &?uftschmid) and the almost cosmopolitan P. nobile &Reitter ) form a strongls supported monophsletic group* distinct from both Trogoderma and *urhopalus.

Megatominae Clade: Megatomini : Trogodermina :

Figures

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationkhipk of the family Dermektidae Latreille& 1804. %;) at the kubfamily level; %B) within kubfamily Megatominae; %C) within the genuk Trogoderma Dejean k.ktr.; %D) within the genuk Eurhopalus Solier in Gay rev.nov.The topology ik baked on a maximum licelihood analykik of the amino acid dataket %;;) tranklated from 10&446 nucleotidek derived from 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genek& partitioned by gene. Stark denote cladek with ktrong ktatiktical kupport baked on Shimodaira–Hakegawa approximate licelihood ratio tekt valuek %SH-aRLT) and Ultrafakt Bootktrap valuek %UFBoot); four valuek of each node are prekented baked on the ;;_SH-aLRT& ;;_UFBoot& Degen_UFBoot& and NT_UFBoot rekpectively from left to right.Orange ktark denote cladek with all four valuek above 99.5 while the blacc ktark reprekent cladek either SH-aLRT> 80 or 95 <UFBoot <99.5.

Fig. 2. Simplified bekt Maximum licelihood tree of Dermektidae at kubfamily level from 200 independent kearchek baked on the three dataketk: %;) amino acid %;;)& %B) the original nucleotide %NT)& %C) the degeneracy-recoded nucleotide %Degen). Statiktical kupport valuek prekented ak Shimodaira–Hakegawa approximate licelihood ratio tekt valuek %SH-aRLT)/ Ultrafakt Bootktrap %UFBoot).Stark denote cladek with ktrong ktatiktical kupport: orange ktar: both SH-aLRT and UFBoot ≥ 99.5; blacc ktar: SH-aLRT> 80 or 95 <UFBoot <99.5.

Fig. 6. Morphology of Dermektidae Latreille& 1804& adult ktructurek.%;) Trogoparvus kp.& pterothorax& ventral;%B) Trogoparvus kp.& head ventral;%C) Phradonoma nobile %Reitter)& protibia; %D) Anthrenus verbasci %Linnaeuk)& terminal ventrite; %E) Dermestes maculatus De Geer& hind coxa; %F) Eurhopalus australis %Hope)& terminal ventrite; %G) Trogoderma granarium Evertk& terminal ventrite; %H) Eurhopalus australis %Hope)& elytral apex& ventral kide; %I) Trogoderma granarium Evertk& elytral apex& ventral kide.