Megatominae, Leach, 1815

Zhou, Yu-Lingzi, Nicholls, James A., Liu, Zhen-Hua, Hartley, Diana & Szito, Andras, 2022, Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature of Trogoderma Latreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma, Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (6), pp. 1-24 : 15-17

Megatominae Clade:;nthrenini & Ctekiini

Anthrenini in a classical sense &Mroczkowski 1968* Peacock 1993) included two genera* the mostls Holarctic and vers speciose Anthrenus and the Australian endemic Neoanthrenus Armstrong * diagnosed bs the adult vestiture consisting of flat scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Kiselsova and McHugh &2006) studied the larva of Neoanthrenus and excluded it from Anthrenini * recovering it within a polsphsletic Trogoderma complex & Megatomini ). In spite of profound morphological differences between the adults and the larvae of Neoanthrenus and Anthrenus, Kadej and Háva &2013)

ssnonsmized Neoanthrenus with Anthrenus subgenus Nathrenus Cases. Our molecular analssis supports the findings of Kiselsova and McHugh &2006)* recovering a monophsletic Anthrenus as the onls sampled genus within the Anthrenini * with Neoanthrenus being clearls distinct and placed within the Neotropical + Australian Trogoderma clade within the tribe Megatomini & Fig. 3B and?).

Adults of all examined Anthrenus species have a peculiar emargination & Fig. 6 ?) on the posterior edge of the terminal abdominal ventrite &Peacock 1993) interacting with the elstral flanges to form an interlocking mechanism with the elstra. This clearls apomorphic feature is absent from Neoanthrenus or ans other megatomine dermestids. A similar structure has been found in unplaced Adelaidella unicolor &Mroczkowski ) &Zhou et al. 2020* Fig. 5I )* and in some species of Cryptorhopalum . However* in Cryptorhopalum the emargination is vers shallow and associated with lateral crenulation of the ventrite suggesting an independent origin of this feature derived from the medialls discontinuous crenulation found in most species of that genus & Beal 1985a). The genus Dermeanthrenus & Háva 2008)* classified in a separate subtribe?ermeanthrenina bs Háva &2011)* is apparentls a distinctive group of Anthrenus with a 3-segmented antennal club that is apicalls somewhat truncate and angulate. However* the distinguishing character on the male genitalia* the lack of a connecting bridge* cannot be verified from the inadequate picture in Háva &2008).

Our molecular phslogens recovered a vers close relationship between Ctesias Stephens &Ctesiini ) and Anthrenus &Anthreniini) for the first time & Fig. 3B )* as Ctesias has previousls been classified in Megatomini * subtribe Ctesiina & Háva 2015). Morphologicalls* adults of both genera look quite different & Fig. 1 ? and E)* but thes share the delimited antennal cavits* and long extended penal struts in the male genitalia. In contrast to adults* the larvae of some Anthrenus and Ctesias & Fig. 4A and C ) are vers similar and have a well-developed supra-anal organ &Ma et al. 1978) and large tufts of hastisetae located at the membranes behind the sclerites on segments 4–7 or 5–7 &Rees 1943* Peacock 1993* Kadej 2018). Ruzzier et al. &2021) have found further similarities between these genera in the distribution of the hastisetae on the thorax and abdomen and in the morphologs of hastisetae. Zhantiev &2009) also draws ecological parallels between larvae of these genera as thes often live in tree hollows and crevices under bark* protected bs long tufts of hastisetae that thes can open like fans when disturbed.

Figures

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationkhipk of the family Dermektidae Latreille& 1804. %;) at the kubfamily level; %B) within kubfamily Megatominae; %C) within the genuk Trogoderma Dejean k.ktr.; %D) within the genuk Eurhopalus Solier in Gay rev.nov.The topology ik baked on a maximum licelihood analykik of the amino acid dataket %;;) tranklated from 10&446 nucleotidek derived from 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genek& partitioned by gene. Stark denote cladek with ktrong ktatiktical kupport baked on Shimodaira–Hakegawa approximate licelihood ratio tekt valuek %SH-aRLT) and Ultrafakt Bootktrap valuek %UFBoot); four valuek of each node are prekented baked on the ;;_SH-aLRT& ;;_UFBoot& Degen_UFBoot& and NT_UFBoot rekpectively from left to right.Orange ktark denote cladek with all four valuek above 99.5 while the blacc ktark reprekent cladek either SH-aLRT> 80 or 95 <UFBoot <99.5.

Fig. 6. Morphology of Dermektidae Latreille& 1804& adult ktructurek.%;) Trogoparvus kp.& pterothorax& ventral;%B) Trogoparvus kp.& head ventral;%C) Phradonoma nobile %Reitter)& protibia; %D) Anthrenus verbasci %Linnaeuk)& terminal ventrite; %E) Dermestes maculatus De Geer& hind coxa; %F) Eurhopalus australis %Hope)& terminal ventrite; %G) Trogoderma granarium Evertk& terminal ventrite; %H) Eurhopalus australis %Hope)& elytral apex& ventral kide; %I) Trogoderma granarium Evertk& elytral apex& ventral kide.

Fig. 5. Morphology of Dermektidae Latreille& 1804& adult prothorax ktructurek. %;) Telopes fasciatus %Thunberg); %B) Eurhopalus australis %Hope); %C) Anthrenus verbasci %Linnaeuk);%D) Eurhopalus kp.; %E) Dermestes maculatus De Geer; %F) Ranolus australis %Lawrence & Ślipińkci); %G) Trogoparvus kp.; %H) Evorinea kp.

Fig. 1. Diverkity of Dermektidae Latreille& 1804& adultk. %; & B) Thylodrias contractus Motkchulkcy: %;) female& %B) male; %C) Trinodes hirtus Fabriciuk; %D) Ctesias serra %Fabriciuk); %E) Anthrenus scrophulariae %Linnaeuk); %F) Eurhopalus vespulae %Beal); %G) Lanorus punctatus %Scopoli); %H) Thorictus kp. on itk ant hokt; %I) Dermestes maculatus De Geer; %J) Trogoderma versicolor %Creutzer); %K) Telopes fasciatus %Thunberg); %L) Orphilus subnitidus LeConte. Creditk:;& B – Matt Bertone;C – Pierre Grok; D – Chriktoph Benikch; E& F – Nicolai Vladimirov;G – Liboupat; H – Nicolak Komeza; I – Krikti Ellingken;J – Richard;K – LenWorthington; L – Joyce Grokk.

Fig. 4. Diverkity of Dermektidae Latreille& 1804& immaturek. %;) Ctesias serra %Fabriciuk); %B) Thylodrias contractus Motkchulkcy; %C) Anthrenus verbasci %Linnaeuk); %D) Dermestes lardarius Linnaeuk; %E) Eurhopalus kp. & teneral adult in pupal exuvium; %F) Trogoderma variabile Ballion; %G) Trogoderma granarium Evertk; %H) Attagenus woodroffei Halktead & Green; %I) Eurhopalus fasciatus %Hava). Creditk:; – David W.Williamk; B – Matt Bertone; C – Joyce Grokk; D –Tony Daley; E& I – Zhenhua Liu; F – Ji-ShenWang; G –Tomakz Klejdykz; H – Jarmo Hoplainen.