Csiromedusidae
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.194932 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614827 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36103-FF8F-FFDD-FF43-FAA3FD29FABC |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Csiromedusidae |
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Family Csiromedusidae View in CoL , fam. nov.
Diagnosis. Narcomedusae with perradial undivided stomach pouches, extending to point of origin of tentacles; tentacles perradial, alternating on two exumbrellar whorls, equal in number with manubrial pouches; secondary tentacles lacking; with apical, external beveled pouch [?gonads] separate from the stomach. With otoporpae. Peripheral canal system lacking.
Type genus. Csiromedusa gen. nov.
Remarks. A comparison of the diagnostic characters of the families of Narcomedusae is presented in Table 1 View TABLE 1 . The Csiromedusidae appears to be most closely related to the Cuninidae , in that the stomach pouches are perradial in both families, whereas they are interradial in the Aeginidae and lacking in the Solmarisidae , and in the ratio of tentacles to stomach pouches, being 1: 1 in the Cuninidae and Csiromedusidae , but 1: 2 in the Aeginidae and not comparable to the Solmarisidae .
However, in the Cuninidae , the stomach pouches are rounded to rectangular in shape, whereas in the Csiromedusidae , they are narrow and pointed in shape. The most conspicuous characters separating the two families are the tentacle position and the apical morphology. In the Cuninidae (as in the Aeginidae and Solmarisidae ), the tentacles are in a single whorl, whereas in the Csiromedusidae , the tentacles are positioned in two distinct whorls relative to the sculpturing of the bell. The apical surface of the bell in the existing families is smoothly rounded without an indentation, whereas in the Csiromedusidae the apex is hollowed into a broad invagination with a beveled edge, containing numerous iceberg-like structures, which have a smooth granular appearance comparable to hydrozoan gonads. Whether these structures are, in fact, gonads, or if not, just what their function might be, remains to be demonstrated. However, a beveled apical invagination and the presence of structures inside it are unique in the medusae.
Bouillon & Boero (2000).
Diagnosis. Csiromedusidae with typically 8 parameres with alternating tentacles, each paramere comprising a perradial pointed stomach pouch, a perradial tentacle, an interradial peronium, and an interradial statocyst. Type species. Csiromedusa medeopolis n. sp.
TABLE 1. Comparison of characters of the families of Narcomedusae. Literature used: Mayer (1910), Kramp (1961);
Primary tentacle position | Secondary tentacles | Statocysts | Otoporpae | Stomach pouches | Gonad position | Peripheral canal system |
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Aeginidae Perradial between stomach pouches, half or fewer in number of stomach pouches | Present or absent | Numerous | Present or absent | 8 or 16, interradial, divided; extend beyond tentacle origin | Contained within stomach pouches | Present or absent |
Solmarisidae Numerous , leaving umbrella at level of periphery of stomach | Absent | Numerous | Present or absent | Lacking | Thickenings or diverticula on oral wall of central stomach | Present or absent |
Cuninidae Opposite center of each stomach pouch, equal in number to pouches | Present or absent | Numerous | Present or absent | Numerous, perradial and undivided; not extending beyond tentacle origin | Within stomach pouches | Present or absent |
Csiromedusidae Typically 8, fam. Nov. perradial, arising from the exumbrella in 2 whorls | Absent | Typically 8, in alternation with tentacles | Typically 8, immediately proximal to statocysts | Typically 8, perradial, undivided, narrow and pointed; not extending beyond tentacle origin | ? Separated from the stomach in an open, apical chamber | Absent |
Genus Csiromedusa gen. nov. |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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