Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen, 1818

Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2016, Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea, Zootaxa 4136 (3), pp. 515-536 : 523-525

Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen, 1818

( Figs. 3 , 7, 12, 13, 18)

Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818: 153 ; Zhang et al., 2014: 221 –223;

Dicranomyia duplicata Doane, 1900: 185 ;

Limonia duplicata Edwards, 1938: 45 ; Alexander, 1967: 88;

Limonia maculata lecontei Alexander, 1940: 624 ;

Rhipidia duplicata Lackschewitz, Pagast, 1942: 53 , 54; Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 125; Savchenko, 1983: 116; 1985: 57; 1989: 342.

Description. Dark grayish brown species. Body length of male 4.1–4.9 mm, of female 4.8–6.9 mm. Wing length of male 7.1–8.6 mm, of female 6.6–9.6 mm.

Head dark brown, slightly dusted with gray, narrowly gray at eye margin, covered with sparse short semi-erect light brown setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally, reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae approximately 1.3 mm, reaching to posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.15–1.45 mm long, also reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Male antenna ( Fig. 3 ) bipectinate. Scape nearly cylindrical, approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, dark brown and bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel as long as wide distally, narrower proximally, dark brown. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere oval, dark brown. Flagellomeres two to ten with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal half whitish, branches brown, longest 1.5 times as long as flagellomere itself. Eleventh flagellomere with one short branch, brown, with whitish base. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, 1.5 times as long as preceding segment, brown with whitish base. Longest verticils 1.2 times as long as respective segments, shorter than branches. Short, erect, whitish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres, nearly absent on flagellomeres. Female antenna serrate. Rostrum brown, covered with sparse grayish pubescence. Basal palpomeres brown, distal palpomere dark brown to brown. Palpomeres covered with short erect brown setae. Mouth parts slightly extended, same color as rostrum.

Cervical sclerites and pronotum dark brown covered with dense gray pubescence. Prescutum brownish gray with wide dark brown median stripe. Lateral stripes missing in most specimens, sometimes present as indistinct brown spots. Pseudosutural fovea surrounded by lighter, brownish area. Scutal lobe dark brown, covered with dense gray pubescence bearing submarginal irregular dark brown spot frontally and medially. Some specimens with light brown spot on postero-lateral margin. Scutellum brownish gray with dark brown median line.

Mediotergite uniformly gray. Pleuron brown in direct light, or with visible wide longitudinal lines with small dark spot beneath it when light struck at an angle. Katepisternum with few long yellowish setae. Wing (Fig. 7) grayish, with four large grayish brown spots on frontal margin, first at wing base, second between it and base of Rs, third covering base of Rs and tip of Sc, fourth at distal end of R1 and R2; dark suture at cord with lots of small spots distributed in all cells and along longitudinal veins. Wing patterning varies from very dark with most small spots coalescent, to very light with small spots hardly visible. Veins brownish gray. Venation: Sc comparatively short, Sc1 reaching slightly beyond base of Rs in typical case, or somewhat longer, reaching to about one fourth of Rs in atypical specimens. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. Additional cross-vein present at middle of cell sc. R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1. Rs long, distinctly arched at base. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 slightly before branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein slightly arched at apex. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter about 0.9 mm, of female 0.7–0.9 mm long. Stem of halter pale, base yellowish, knob darkened, blackish. Coxae dark brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally, dusted with gray. Trochanter yellow with dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with comparatively long semi-erect yellowish setae. Femur brownish yellow with pale base and darkened distal end. Darkening widest on frontal femur, narrower on second and third pair. Tibia brownish yellow, distal end slightly darkened. Tarsus brownish at base, turning dark brown distally. Leg covered with short, adjacent brown setae. Male femur I: 4.2 mm, II: 4.4 mm, III: 5.3 mm, tibiae I: 5.2 mm, II: 5.3 mm, III: 5.8 mm, tarsus II: 5.2 mm, III: 5.2 mm long. Female femur I: 5.1–5.6 mm, II: 4.5–4.9 mm, III: 5.1–6.5 mm long, tibiae I: 5.7–6.7 mm, II: 4.7–5.6 mm, III: 5.8–7.2 mm, tarsus I: 6.7 mm, II: 4.4–5.6 mm, III: 4.7–6.3 mm. Claw dark brown with subbasal spine.

Abdominal tergites semi-polished, grayish brown with slightly darkened posterior margins. Sternites yellowish at base, widely darkened posteriorly and laterally. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect yellowish setae. Male genitalia ( Figs. 12, 13 ) grayish brown, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle, lateral margins slightly raised. Gonocoxite comparatively short, slightly longer than wider at base, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, point-apexed, slightly arched and reaching slightly beyond middle of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation, armed with few long subapical setae. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines short, wide, its length slightly varies among specimens. Number of spines varies from four to eight, with six being the standard number based on numerous specimens from Asia and Europe. Fleshy, rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed blackish distal part with slightly arched tip. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally. It extends beyond tips of parameres. Ninth sternite simple. Ovipositor ( Fig. 18 ) brownish. Cercus long and narrow, slightly arched upwards. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, turning narrower distally, reaching to about four fifths of cercus.

Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly above 600 m to nearly 2000 m.

Period of activity. Adults are flying from middle of June through end of August in Korea.

Habitat. Adults were collected close to agricultural fields surrounded by forest. Species is attracted to light.

General distribution. Species is widely distributed throughout Holarctic and Oriental Regions.

Specimens examined ( Fig. 28 ): 1 female (pinned), Corea, Mt. Kongo, Oct. 16, 1933, J. Machida (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–13–1940, 5700 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–20–40 [1940], 4000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–26–40 [1940], 3500 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VII–28–40 [1940], 5500 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VII–29–40 [1940], 6100 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–1–40 [1940], 6350 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–2–40 [1940], 5000–6000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–5–1940, 5000–6000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–8–40 [1940], 5800–6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–20–1940, 6300 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–23–40 [1940], 6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–25–40 [1940], 6000–6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (in ethanol, wing and antenna slide mounted), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, at the entrance to Odaesan National Park, N37.71187, E128.60077, alt. 633 m, 2012.06.22 (4), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Byeongnae-ri, Odaesan NP, N37.70812, E128.61803, alt. 669 m, 2015.07.0 6 (3), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Antennae of Rhipidia (Rhipidia). 1: R. (R.) longa, male; 2: R. (R.) longa, female; 3: R. (R.) maculata, male; 4: R. (R.) sejuga, male; 5: R. (R.) septentrionis, male.

FIGURES 10 – 16. Male genitalia of Rhipidia (Rhipidia), dorsal view. 10: R. (R.) longa, general view; 11: R. (R.) longa, gonostyles; 12: R. (R.) maculata, general view; 13: R. (R.) maculata, gonostyles; 14: R. (R.) sejuga, general view; 15: R. (R.) sejuga, gonostyles; 16: R. (R.) septentrionis, general view. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus; p, penis; pm, paramere; rst pl, rostral prolongation; rst spn, rostral spines; tg 9, ninth tergite; vm l, ventromesal lobe of gonocoxite.

FIGURES 17 – 20. Ovipositors of Rhipidia (Rhipidia), lateral view. 17: R. (R.) longa; 18: R. (R.) maculata; 19: R. (R.) sejuga; 20: R. (R.) septentrionis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; st 8, eight sternite; tg 9, ninth tergite; tg 10, tenth tergite.

FIGURES 27 – 31. Collecting sites of Rhipidia (Rhipidia) in Korean Peninsula. 27: R. (R.) longa; 28: R. (R.) maculata; 29: R. (R.) sejuga; 30: R. (R.) septentrionis; 31: R. (R.) serena sp. nov.