Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1913

Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2016, Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea, Zootaxa 4136 (3), pp. 515-536 : 528-531

Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1913

( Figs. 5 , 9, 16, 20)

Rhipidia pulchra septentrionis Alexander, 1913: 206 –207; 1920: 4–5;

Limonia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1953: 159 ; 1966: 123–124; Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionalis Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 126 ; Savchenko, 1983: 116; 1989: 344; Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Zhang et al., 2014: 229 .

Description. Light brown species with castaneous brown dorsal part of thorax and distinct dark brown longitudinal stripe on pleuron. Body length of male 4.2–7.0 mm, of female 5.2–7.2 mm. Wing length of male 5.6–8.3 mm, of female 6.7–8.3 mm.

Head dark brown, slightly dusted with grayish, more intensely along eye margin, covered with sparse short semi-erect light brown setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae 0.8–1.2 mm, reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antenna of female 0.9–1.6 mm long reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antennae ( Fig. 5 ) of both sexes similar. Scape nearly cylindrical, approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, dark brown bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel nearly rounded, dark brown. Flagellum 12- segmented, flagellomeres with distinct apical pedicels, extending ventral side, not pectinate, as in most Rhipidia . Basal flagellomere brown, slightly wider, shorter than pedicel. Remaining flagellomeres, except apical one, decreasing in length, with comparatively longer ventral extension. Second flagellomere light brown with slightly darkened ventral side; third flagellomere light brown dorsally, distinctly darkened ventrally, fourth, sixth, eight and tenth segments yellow, remaining segments brown to dark brown. Apical segment elongate, dark brown, about twice as long as preceding segment. Verticils subequal to or slightly shorter than respective flagellomeres. Short, erect, grayish pubescence denser on ventral side of flagellum. Proximal part of rostrum brown dorsally, distal and ventral parts of rostrum dark brown. Basal palpomeres dark brown to black, distal segment brown with blackish apex. Palpomeres covered with short, erect, brown setae. Labella dark brown.

Cervical sclerites light brown dorsally, dark brown ventrally and laterally. Pronotum elongate, light yellowish brown with darkened lateral margins; few erect brown setae situated at frontal margin, erect setae on posterior margin arranged into transverse line. Dorsal part of thorax opaque castaneous brown. Brown area with distinct margins extends from frontal margin of prescutum, through scutal lobes, scutellum and dorsal part of mediotergite. Lateral margins of prescutum distinctly light brownish yellow, extending through dorsal part of pleura reaching base of abdomen and lateral margins of mediotergite. Ground color of pleuron light brownish yellow in most specimens, occasionally darker grayish or brownish yellow. Distinct wide dark brown line extends from head through cervical sclerites, base of halter, reaching base of abdomen. Narrow brown line extending longitudinally through dorsal parts of coxae and katepisternum. Small indistinct brownish spots usually present at wing base. Episternum bare without setae. Wing (Fig. 9) grayish, with evenly distributed small light brown spots. Large dark brown spot at distal end of Rs, small dark brown spots: at the middle of cell sc, at base of Rs, at Sc2, R2, at distal end of R3, at m-m, at branching point of Cu and close to the apex of A2. Veins brownish yellow. Venation: Sc1 comparatively long, reaching to about middle of Rs, Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1. Rs long, nearly straight. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell long, three times as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 slightly beyond branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein distinctly arched at apex. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.65–1.00 mm, of female 0.65–1.05 mm long. Stem of halter pale to very light brownish, knob slightly infuscated. Coxae yellow with transverse brown line, frontal coxa with slightly infuscated frontal surface. Trochanter yellow. Coxae and trochanters covered with comparatively long semi-erect yellowish setae. Femur pale at base, turning brownish yellow towards distal end, with subapical brown ring, apex of posterior femur yellowish. Tibia uniformly brownish yellow with brown distal end. Basal tarsomere yellowish at base turning darker distally, apex brown, second and third tarsomeres brown with darkened distal ends, both distal tarsomeres uniformly dark brown. Leg covered with short, adjacent brownish setae. Male femur I: 4.00– 5.25 mm, II: 4.60–5.50 mm, III: 4.3 0–6.40 mm, tibiae I: 4.10–5.80 mm, II: 4.20–5.30 mm, III: 4.1 5–6.50 mm, tarsus I: 4.20– 6.30 mm, II: 3.70–4.70 mm, III: 3.60–5.10 mm long. Female femur I: 3.70–5.30 mm long, II: 4.40–5.70 mm, III: 4.40–6.20 mm, tibiae I: 4.10–5.30 mm, II: 4.30–5.30 mm, III: 4.50–5.90 mm, tarsus I: 4.2 0–5.50 mm, II: 3.70–4.80 mm, III: 3.90–4.80 mm. Claw dark brown, nearly straight with small narrow spine approximately at middle length.

Abdominal tergites semi-polished, light, yellowish-grayish brown with narrowly grayish posterior margins and narrow brown stripes extending along lateral margins. Four basal sternites yellow, remaining sternites brownish, covered with sparse grayish pruinosity. Distinct narrow brown line extends along lateral margins of all sternites. Tergites and sternites covered by erect grayish setae. Male genitalia ( Fig. 16 ) brownish yellow, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle, lateral margins slightly raised. Gonocoxite slightly longer than wider at base, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, slightly arched and reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation bearing small tubercle with three long spines at the middle of posterior margin. Rostral prolongation narrower, arched beyond tubercle. Fleshy, rounded, weakly sclerotised lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed black distal part, tip slightly arched, bearing small bump at the middle of outer margin. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally, extending beyond tips of parameres. Ovipositor ( Fig. 20 ) generally grayish yellow. Cercus long, narrow, slightly arched upwards, brown at base, lighter apically. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, distinctly narrower distally, tip acute and slightly raised upwards.

Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly above 40 m to nearly 2000 m.

Period of activity. Adults are flying from early May through middle of October.

Habitat. Adults were collected in dense deciduous grooves along steep slopes to mountainous stream. Both sexes are attracted toward the light.

General distribution. Species currently known from Far East of Russia, all largest islands of Japan and Eastern China.

Specimens examined ( Fig. 30 ): 1 female (pinned), Corea, Seren Mts., 5–6000‘, X–9, 1937, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Ompo, 150 ft., V–5, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 6000 ft., VI–30, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 3500 ft., IX–14, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 1 female (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 4500 ft., IX–15, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 2000 ft., X–9, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 6000 ft., VI–30, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (on same pin), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 4000 ft., Aug. 14, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 5000 ft., Aug. 17, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (on same pin), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 5500 ft., VIII–17, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (on same pin), [N. Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan], alt. 5000‘, Aug. 24, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4500 ft., VI–26, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–27, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 3500 ft., VI–29, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–29, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 3 females, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 5000 ft., VI–29, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–1, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–1, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–3, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3000 ft., VII–6, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–7, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4500 ft., VII–7, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–8, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–8, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–10, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 4 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–12, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4500 ft., VII–12, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 5000 ft., VII–12, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 4000 ft., VII–17, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–17, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 4 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5000 ft., VII–18, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5500 ft., VII–18, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5000 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5800 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 3800 ft., VII–21, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–21, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–25, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 6 males, 1 female (pinned), N.

Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 3800 ft., VII–29, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5500 ft., VII–31, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6370 ft., VIII–2, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6300 ft., VIII–9, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), S. Korea, #41, [Seoul City Water Works, 6 miles east of Seoul on Kte.#13, elev. about 150 ft.], 15 Oct. 1954, G. W. Byers (MU); 1 male (pinned), [S.] Korea, Pusan, VIII.1959, Davis trap 8 (USNM); 2 males (pinned), Korea, VIII.1959, Davis trap 8 (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, VIII.1959, Davis trap 16 (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), Korea, X.1959, Davis trap 7 (USNM); 5 males (pinned), [S.] Korea, Pusan, X.1959, Davis trap 23 (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 4–5 Aug. 1971, No. 142, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 5–6 Aug. 1971, No. 144, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, [~ 10.VIII.1971], No. 156, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 14 Aug. 1971, No. 176, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan, Hotel garden, 19 Aug. 1971, No. 189, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 3 males, 2 females (pinned), Korea, Prov. Ryang-gang, Hyesan, Hotel garden, 23 Aug. 1971, No. 193, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 6–7 Sept. 1971, No. 243, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Pyongyang City, Mt. Daesong-san, No. 554, 20.IX.1979, leg. Vásárhelyi (HNHM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Phenan, Bong-ha ri, 6– 24.VII.1982, leg. Forró, Ronkay (HNHM); 6 males, 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26580, E127.58128, altitude 378 m, 2013.05.11 (6), S. Podenas (5 males, 1 female at light) (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Miryang-si, Sannae-myeon, Imgo-ri 827, N35.56531, E128.88637, altitude 138 m, 2014.06.23, D. K. Lee, black-light trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26580, E127.58128, altitude 378 m, 2014.08.24, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Antennae of Rhipidia (Rhipidia). 1: R. (R.) longa, male; 2: R. (R.) longa, female; 3: R. (R.) maculata, male; 4: R. (R.) sejuga, male; 5: R. (R.) septentrionis, male.

FIGURES 10 – 16. Male genitalia of Rhipidia (Rhipidia), dorsal view. 10: R. (R.) longa, general view; 11: R. (R.) longa, gonostyles; 12: R. (R.) maculata, general view; 13: R. (R.) maculata, gonostyles; 14: R. (R.) sejuga, general view; 15: R. (R.) sejuga, gonostyles; 16: R. (R.) septentrionis, general view. Abbreviations: gonx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus; p, penis; pm, paramere; rst pl, rostral prolongation; rst spn, rostral spines; tg 9, ninth tergite; vm l, ventromesal lobe of gonocoxite.

FIGURES 17 – 20. Ovipositors of Rhipidia (Rhipidia), lateral view. 17: R. (R.) longa; 18: R. (R.) maculata; 19: R. (R.) sejuga; 20: R. (R.) septentrionis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; st 8, eight sternite; tg 9, ninth tergite; tg 10, tenth tergite.

FIGURES 27 – 31. Collecting sites of Rhipidia (Rhipidia) in Korean Peninsula. 27: R. (R.) longa; 28: R. (R.) maculata; 29: R. (R.) sejuga; 30: R. (R.) septentrionis; 31: R. (R.) serena sp. nov.