Parathalassius sinclairi, Cumming, 2017

Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2017, Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna, Zootaxa 4314 (1), pp. 1-64 : 32-35

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6758Dc40-4356-4Adc-9Bd6-456652Ea5162

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022506

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9879C-8D22-FFEB-57E0-2FD1FE715F29

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Parathalassius sinclairi
status

sp. nov.

Parathalassius sinclairi View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figs 33 View FIGURES 29 – 37 , 44 View FIGURES 38 – 47 , 51, 54 View FIGURES 50 – 55 , 64 View FIGURES 56 – 67 , 68–71 View FIGURES 68 – 71 , 78–79 View FIGURES 78 – 79 , 82 View FIGURES 80 – 94 , 97–98 View FIGURES 95 – 102 , 118 View FIGURES 115 – 120 , 130–132 View FIGURES 127 – 132 , 137 View FIGURES 133 – 141 , 149 View FIGURES 148 – 150 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ labelled: “USA: OR: Tillamook Co. / Manzanita , N45°42′54.9″ / W123°56′25.4″, 3.vii.2014 / swp [swept] dunes & beach grass ( Ammophila ), J.M. Cumming ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Parathalassius sinclairi / Brooks & Cumming [red label]” ( CNC) GoogleMaps . PARATYPES: USA: Oregon: same data as holotype (12♂, 11♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data as holotype except, CNC487121 , CNC487160 (2♂, barcoded, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data as holotype except, S.E. Brooks (8♂, 12♀, CNC) GoogleMaps , same data except, CNC487161 (1♂, barcoded, CNC) GoogleMaps , CNC487162 , CNC487163 (2♀, barcode-associated, CNC) ; same data as holotype except, S.H. Cumming (3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps .

Other material examined. CANADA: British Columbia: Haida Gwaii, Graham Is. , 3km N Tlell [ca. 53°33′37″N 131°55′39″W], 13.vii.1988, meadow behind dunes, T.A. Wheeler (2♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487131 View Materials (1♂, barcoded, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Vancouver Island : Sannich Pen., Island View Beach, 48°34′37.56″N 123°22′5.09″W, 22.viii.2008, sandy beach with logs, S.E. Brooks (1♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, J.M. Cumming (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; 6km SE Sidney , ex: beach, 25.vi–4. vii.1 999, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 1♀, CNC) ; Sidney Is. , 48°38′28.06″N 123°19′50.05″W, 6.vii.1994, ex: veg along sandy beach, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . USA: Alaska: Aleutians East Borough: Cold Bay [ca. 55°11′49″N 162°41′55″W], 163°W, 21.viii.1952, W.R. Mason (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Wosnesenski Island , 55.21688°N 161.36708°W, near shore, 11.vii.2009, H. Goulet & C. Boudreault (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 11 m, YPT (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, A. Renaud (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Aleutians West Census Area: Adak Island , 51.90201°N 176.61880°W, 9 m, swept, 15.vii.2009, A. Renaud (5♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Katmai [ca. 58°32′11″N 153°55′49″W], vii.1917, J.S. Hine (4♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Oregon: Lane County: dunes behind Baker Beach , 44°04′39″N 124°06′44″W, 27.vi.2012, J.D. Pinto, UCRC ENT 431380 About ENT (1♂, UCRC) GoogleMaps ; Heceta Beach , 44°02′14.7″N 124°07′57.2″W, 7.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass ( Ammophila ), J.M. Cumming (3♂, 5♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487168 View Materials , CNC487169 View Materials (2♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC487170 View Materials , CNC487171 View Materials (2♀, barcode-associated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Suislaw North Jetty, nr. Florence , 44°01′07.0″N 124°08′12.6″W, 7.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass ( Ammophila ), S.E. Brooks (8♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487125 View Materials , CNC487126 View Materials , CNC487127 View Materials (3♀, barcode-associated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 4♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487172 View Materials , CNC487173 View Materials (2♂, barcoded, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.vii.2014, S.E. Brooks (4♂, 11♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, J.M. Cumming (6♂, 6♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487174 View Materials , CNC487175 View Materials (2♀, barcode-associated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Lincoln County: South Beach State Park , 44°36′05.6″N 124°03′54.0″W, 3.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass ( Ammophila ), S.E. Brooks (27♂, 25♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487122 View Materials (1♂, barcoded, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, J.M. Cumming (71♂, 89♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487164 View Materials , (1♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC487123 View Materials , CNC487166 View Materials , CNC487167 View Materials (3♀, barcode-associated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, S.H. Cumming (6♂, 3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; 2.5mi. N Waldport [ca. 44°27′28″N 124°04′56″W], 1.vii.1971, Oman (1♂, 1♀, UGIC) GoogleMaps ; Tillamook County: Cape Kiwanda , 45°12.9′N 123°58.3′W, beach, 3.viii.2005, D. & W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps . Washington: Grays Harbor County: Copalis [ca. 47°06′37″N 124°11′06″W], 5.ix.1934, A.L. Melander (11♂, 8♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Ocean City [ca. 47°04′15″N 124°10′37″W], 19.vii.1975, T.L. Whitworth (4♂, 3♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Pacific County: Cape Disappointment State Park nr. Ilwaco, Benson Beach, 46°16′20.4″N 124°04′25.4″W, 1.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass ( Ammophila ) S.E. Brooks (204♂, 160♀, CNC; 2♂, 2♀, CSCA) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487133– CNC487137, CNC487141, CNC487142 (7♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC487143– CNC487150, CNC487152– CNC487157, CNC487184, CNC487186, CNC487194, CNC487195 (18♀, barcode-associated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2.vii.2014 (20♂, 13♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487119 View Materials , CNC487120 View Materials , CNC487158 View Materials (3♀, barcodeassociated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.vii.2014, J.M. Cumming (180♂, 148♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487138–CNC487140 (3♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC487116 View Materials , CNC487117 View Materials , CNC487159 View Materials (3♀, barcodeassociated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2.vii.2014 (20♂, 27♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach vegetation, S.H. Cumming (32♂, 24♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487109 View Materials , CNC487182 View Materials (2♀, barcodeassociated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2.vii.2014 (37♂, 44♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CNC487151 View Materials (1♀, barcodeassociated, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Ilwaco, Cape Disappointment , 23.vii.1993, H. Ulrich (130♂, 76♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 24.vii.1993 (76♂, 73♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, Benson Beach , dunes, 24.vii.1993 (34♂, 19♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 25.vii.1993 (18♂, 10♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 5.viii.1994 (173♂, 157♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 9.viii.1994 (231♂, 118♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, sandy beach, 5.viii.1994 (2♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.viii.1994 (10♂, 2♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 9.viii.1994 (13♂, 18♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.viii.1994 (18♂, 8♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, Waikiki Beach , on sand, 15.vii.1988 (2♂, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, dunes, 22.vii.1993 (15♂, 10♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, on wet sand, 25.vii.1993 (2♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 26.vii.1993 (1♀, ZFMK) GoogleMaps ; Ft. Canby State Park [= Cape Disappointment State Park ], 29.vi.1988, W.N. & D. Mathis (4♂, USNM) ; Ilwaco [ca. 46°16′20″N 124°04′25″W], vii.1917, A.L. Melander (3♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except; 28.vi.1925 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 19.vii.1960, F.C. Harmston (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Klipsan Beach [ca. 46°27′38″N 124°03′35″W], 14.vi.1975, W.J. Turner (1♂, 1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, dunes (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Willapa Nat. Wildlife Ref., Willapa Bay, ca. 2 mi. N Oysterville [ca. 46°34′36″N 124°01′44″W], 22.vi.1989, R.S. Zack (1♂, 5♀, WSU) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. This medium sized species is characterized by an elongate-conical antennal postpedicel, longer lower male ommatrichia, 3 notopleural bristles, hyaline wing, and relatively dark legs with hind tarsomere 2 distinctly longer than tarsomere 3. Males have the face tinged with faint golden pruinosity, a comb-like anterodorsal row of short erect setae on the hind tibia, hind tarsomeres 2–4 bearing short thick perpendicular peglike setae dorsally, and distinctive cerci, while females possess apical rugosity on sternite 8.

Description. Male: Body length 2.3–3.2 mm, wing length 2.4–3.0 mm. Dark brown ground colour covered mostly with dense greyish-white pruinosity. Setae of body and legs white. Head ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 29 – 37 ): Eyes with ommatrichia of lower third distinctly longer and slightly flattened, forming dense reflective mat of whitish coloured hair. Face tinged with faint golden pruinosity in most specimens, clypeus concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face narrowest at middle, about 2.0X width of anterior ocellus. Gena and postgena with moderately long white setae, forming short beard flanking mouthparts. Antenna ( Fig. 44 View FIGURES 38 – 47 ) including arista-like stylus, entirely dark brown; postpedicel elongate-conical, 1.75–1.8X longer than wide; arista-like stylus of medium length, about 1.4X length of postpedicel. Palpus with 7–8 setae on outer surface of apical half. Thorax: Mesoscutum with some brownishgrey pruinosity on dorsum. Acrostichal setulae quadriserial; 7–8 dorsocentral bristles, 0 presutural intra-alar bristles, 1–2 presutural supra-alar (posthumeral) bristles, 3–4 postsutural supra-alar bristles, 3 notopleural bristles. Scutellum with 3 pairs of bristles. Legs: Foreleg: Dark grey, pale at knee and apex of tibia, tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellowish-brown to brown, tarsomeres 3–5 brown to greyish-brown. Coxa with moderately long pale setae on anterior surface. Femur with numerous long setae on posterior surface, posterodorsal and posteroventral rows prominent. Tibia with short setae and setulae. Tarsus with setulae; tarsomeres 1–2 not dilated. Midleg: Dark grey, pale at knee and apex of tibia, tarsomere 1 pale yellowish-brown, tarsomeres 2–5 brown to greyish-brown. Femur with anteroventral rows of setae prominent. Tibia with pair of apicoventral bristles. Tarsomeres 1–4 each with pair of dark spine-like apicoventral setae. Hindleg ( Figs 51, 54 View FIGURES 50 – 55 ): Dark grey, femur dark brown posteriorly, pale at knee, tarsomere 1 and base of tarsomere 2 pale yellowish-brown, apex of tarsomere 2 and tarsomeres 3–5 brown to greyish-brown. Femur with ventral row of setae prominent. Tibia with anterodorsal and anteroventral rows of setae short to moderate length, shorter or subequal to width of tibia; anterodorsal row short, erect and comb-like. Tarsus slightly shorter than tibia with short setae and setulae; tarsomere 1 slightly shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 1–4 with several short thick perpendicular peg-like setae dorsally, shortest on tarsomere 1; tarsomere 2 distinctly longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3 longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomere 3. Wing ( Fig. 64 View FIGURES 56 – 67 ): Hyaline with dark brown veins. Cell dm produced apically, dmm crossvein concave. Vein CuA+CuP of medium length, straight. Abdomen ( Figs 68–71 View FIGURES 68 – 71 ): Tergites 2–4 with setae well-developed and relatively long. Sternite 5 with slender anteriorly curved digitiform pregenitalic process present, base with tiny anterior projection, apex blunt and covered with microtrichia, posterior edge of sternite 5 (behind process) deeply emarginate. Sternite 8 subquadrate with prominent elongate setae on posterolateral margins. Hypopygium ( Figs 68–71 View FIGURES 68 – 71 , 78–79 View FIGURES 78 – 79 , 82 View FIGURES 80 – 94 , 97–98 View FIGURES 95 – 102 , 118 View FIGURES 115 – 120 ): Large. Left epandrial lamella with ventral portion elongate (about 2X longer than high); ventral epandrial process broadly bifurcate, dorsal arm curved ventrally, narrow in middle portion, apex expanded and hook-like, ventral arm thick with minute apicodorsal seta 1–2 minute setae along distiventral margin, apex with expanded lamelliform concavity. Dorsal lobe of left surstylus with basiventral edge broadly rounded, apex narrow and pointed, with long basidorsal seta, shorter basilateral seta and long apical seta, medial surface with knob-like projection bearing lamelliform apical process. Ventral lobe of left surstylus shallowly bilobate in lateral view, dorsal lobe short with apex subquadrate, ventral lobe with rounded base bearing short lateral seta and complex upturned multilobate projection arising medioventrally. Right epandrial lamella with ventral epandrial process not developed; basal portion of epandrial lamella narrowed and dorsally curved, with deep dorsal emargination bordering ventral margin of right cercus. Dorsal lobe of right surstylus with 3 lateral setae (middle/lowermost seta weaker), apex narrowed with rounded tip bearing thick apically-frayed prensiseta on medial surface. Ventral lobe of right surstylus with lateral seta near middle, distal half recurved and tapered with tubercle bearing strong seta proximal to narrow medially pointed apex. Hypandrium very large, elongate-reniform with convex anterior and posterior ends extending to or beyond margins of epandrial lamellae in lateral view, bare. Left postgonite lobe rounded basally, constricted near middle, distal portion broadly lamelliform usually with claw-like apical process, base of lobe with slender medial projection. Right postgonite lobe with broad lateral protuberance and bump-like medial projection, apex bifurcate with short digitiform process and rounded lamelliform process. Phallus short and weakly curved, broad in basal 2/3 with apical 1/3 narrower (in lateral view), dorsal flange and left lateral dentiform projection present at 2/3 length. Ejaculatory apodeme broadly subtriangular. Hypoproct strongly projected dorsally as pair of slender blade-like lobes, right lobe with preapical ventral flange and piliferous region basally. Cerci with anal setae relatively short and not well-differentiated from surrounding well-developed hairs, medial margin of each cercus strongly produced dorsally; right cercus much larger than left cercus with basal portion distended and rounded laterally, apex strongly deflected dorsally at right angle, elongate, narrow and pointed, with 2 short apical setae present along lateral margin; left cercus oblong in dorsal view, apex strongly deflected dorsally at right angle, short and acute, with 2 long preapical setae on lateral margin.

Female: Body length 2.3–3.6 mm, wing length 2.2–3.2 mm. Similar to male except as follows: Head: Eyes with ommatrichia of nearly uniform length, not distinctly longer on lower third. Face not tinged with faint golden pruinosity, concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face wider, at middle about 3.5–4.0X width of anterior ocellus. Legs: Foreleg: Coxa with shorter more slender pale setae on anterior surface. Femur with posteroventral row of setae only prominent apically. Hindleg: Tibia with anterodorsal row slightly longer and less comb-like. Tarsomeres 1–4 without short thick peg-like setae dorsally. Abdomen: Tergite 5 broadly subtriangular to semicircular in dorsal view with posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 131 View FIGURES 127 – 132 ). Terminalia distinctly narrower than base of segment 5 ( Figs 131–132 View FIGURES 127 – 132 ); sternite 8 trough-like, lacking basal bulge, not distinctly narrowed apically, apical quarter rugose, apex truncate with margin somewhat irregular ( Figs 130, 132 View FIGURES 127 – 132 , 137 View FIGURES 133 – 141 ); sternite 9 reduced to narrow transverse sclerotized band; tergite 10 with hemitergites subtriangular and short, each with 2 acanthophorite spines; cercus short, pointed apically.

Distribution and seasonal occurrence. Parathalassius sinclairi is currently known to occur on sandy seashores of the Aleutian Islands and mainland Alaska, south along the coast of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon to the dunes near Florence in Lane County ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 148 – 150 ). Adults have been collected from mid June to early September.

Etymology. This species is named in honour of our esteemed colleague and friend, Dr. Bradley J. Sinclair, who has contributed significantly to the systematic study of Empidoidea.

Remarks. The considerable COI barcode sequence data obtained from specimens of P. sinclairi from British Columbia, Washington and Oregon ( Fig. 154 View FIGURE 154 ) show very little genetic divergence (<1.1%), suggesting that there has been considerable gene exchange and possible movement between populations of this widely distributed species.

Parathalassius sinclairi has been taken in large numbers in several localities in both fore and back dune habitats ( Figs 11–14 View FIGURES 11 – 16 ).

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