Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a

Robillard, Tony, Gorochov, Andrej V., Poulain, Simon & Suhardjono, Yayuk R., 2014, Revision of the cricket genus Cardiodactylus (Orthoptera, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini): the species from both sides of the Wallace line, with description of 25 new species, Zootaxa 3854 (1), pp. 1-104 : 49-53

Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a

( Figs 4 , 5J , 9F , 12A , 13G , 14G , 29 , 30 , 31 )

Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a: 348 ; 2007b: 29 (confirmation of depository).

Type material. Male holotype: Philippines: Sulu Province, Tarawakan NE, 12.II.1957, Y. Kondo ( BPBM) (not examined) .

Type locality. Philippines: Sulu Province, Tarawakan NE .

Material examined. Philippines: Manille [Manila, no precise locality], identified Cardiodactylus novaeguineae , 1♂ ( MHNG) . Laguna Province, Luzon, Los Baňos, Mont Makiling , forêt de mousse vers sommet #2, 14°08'15,2" N 121°11'47,7"E, 925 m (GPS MOSS) , 1.VII.2011, nuit, sur végétation, T. Robillard: 1♂, adultes en élevage, enregistrements appel (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3512); 3♀, adultes en élevage ( MNHN) ; 3 juveniles ( MNHN) ; 3♀, adultes en élevage ( UPLB-MNH) ; 3 juveniles ( UPLB-MNH) . Paete, University of Philippines Laguna Land Grant , forêt secondaire à 500 m de la station, 14°23' 56,9"N 121°32'47,2"E, 376 m, 4–6.VII.2011, nuit, sur végétation, T. Robillard: 2♂, adultes en élevage, enregistrements appel (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3513-3514); 2 juveniles ( MNHN) ; 1 juvenile (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3154); 5 juveniles ( UPLB-MNH) . Mt Makiling , 22.II.[19]07, 1908-228, 1♀, identified Cardiodactylus novaeguineae by Chopard, C. S. Banks ( BMNH) . Romblon Province, Sibuyan Island , 1♂, 20435, Baker ( MNHN) . Quezon Province, Pollilo Island, Puting Bato , forest near limestone cave, 2-11-2012, 1♀, Mark V. Yngente (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3160) . Negros Occidental Province, Negros Island, Mount Kanlaon , 2010, 1♂, S.A. Yap & O.L. Eusebio ( UPLB-MNH) . Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro I., environs of Puerto Galera Town (northern coast of island), on leaf of bush, at night, 11–13.III.2004, A. Gorochov, 1♂ ( ZIN) .

Distribution. Philippines, islands of Luzon, Sulu, Negros, Sibuyan and Mindanao.

Diagnosis. Species of average size, coloration contrasted, dark brown with yellow patterns. Characterized by head dorsum coloration with one median punctuated brown band. Male genitalia close to that of C. guttulus , with bean-shaped dorsal ridges slightly diverging posteriorly.

Redescription. In addition to the characters given by Otte (2007): size average for the genus, coloration variable, with contrasted yellow and dark brown patterns ( Fig. 29A–D ). Head dorsum yellow brown with 3 dark brown bands including 2 wide lateral ones with an anterior notch not related to black coloration of fastigium, and a median punctuated band made of the fusion of two thin parallel bands ( Fig. 5J ); short triangular bands posterior to eyes slightly connected to lateral bands. Scapes yellow brown with a dark brown ring; antennae orange brown. Face and mouthparts yellow, with a dark brown area below eyes. Lateral part of head sometimes with a dark brown band posterior to eyes. Pronotum: Dorsal disk mostly brown, mottled with dark brown and yellow; anterior corners yellow. Lateral lobes dark brown, with a narrow yellowish ventral margin. Legs yellow to orange brown, femora faintly mottled with dark brown, tibiae with dark brown rings. Hind knees dark brown.

Male: FW coloration mostly brown (cells and veins), anterior area dark brown to black; with yellow areas including bases of anal veins and CuA, harp veins, oval region posterior to mirror, part of the chords and apex of apical field. Bases of chords with an orange brown sclerotization. M/R/Sc area and veins dark orange brown. Sc projections and more ventral veins of lateral field yellow, their bases brown. FW venation ( Fig. 9F ): 1A slightly bisinuated; CuP absent. Harp with 2 w-shaped veins, the anterior one weaker. Mirror area: mirror (d1) oval, separated in two parts near mid-length; d2 as wide as mirror, not distinctive; e1 as long as d1. Apical field with 4 cell alignments posterior to mirror (n = 3). Lateral field with 6–7 projections of Sc (m = 7, n = 3) and 3–5 ventral veins (m = 4, n = 3).

Male genitalia ( Fig. 29E–G ): Pseudepiphallus forming a wide gutter not narrowed preapically, its posterior apex rounded. Dorsal ridges diverging posteriorly, slightly carinated externally, without lateral expansions. Pseudepiphallic sclerite with very short and wide latero-anterior expansions, membrane between them with short setae.

Female: FW coloration mostly dark brown, anterior and latero-external regions black, with yellow areas including bases of anal veins, CuA and anterior quarter of M, a yellow area at mid-length including a part of CuP, CuA, M and R, and 2 yellow spots at ¼ of FW length ( Fig. 12A ). R/Sc area and veins orange brown. Sc projections and more ventral veins yellow, cells between them dark brown. FW venation ( Fig. 12A ): 9–10 (m = 9, n = 3) strong longitudinal veins on dorsal field; lateral field with 7–9 (m = 8, n = 3) longitudinal veins including 4–6 projections of Sc and 3–4 ventral veins. Ovipositor of average length, apex with both dorsal and ventral edges slightly denticulate ( Fig. 13G ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 14G ): Copulatory papilla rectangular, with lateral sclerites; apex rounded and slightly sclerotized, folded ventrally.

Juvenile: Head dark red brown, body and legs yellow brown highly mottled with brown and black. Lateral lobes of pronotum black with a ventral yellow margin ( Fig. 30D ).

Habitat and life history traits. Cardiodactylus kondoi is a nocturnal species living in forested areas ( Fig. 30A ). Only juveniles were observed in Luzon, on low branches of bushes or small trees.

Behavior. Calling song ( Fig. 31 ): Cardiodactylus kondoi has a mono-syllabic calling song. At 21°C, the syllables show a very indented amplitude profile with the following characteristics: syllable duration = 90.0 ± 14 ms; syllable period = 2.2 ± 0.6 s; syllable duty cycle = 4.1 %. The power spectrum shows a clear harmonic pattern; the dominant frequency is 12.81 ± 0.16 kHz and corresponds to the third frequency peak.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distributions of Cardiodactylus species around the Wallace line. The species’ distributions are hypothesized broadly according to the material examined and type localities. The Walace line is represented in red.

FIGURE 5. Head of Cardiodactylus species in dorsal (left) and facial (right) views: Cardiodactylus borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (A); C. buru Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (B); C. contrarius Gorochov, n. sp. (C); C. empagatao Otte, 2007 (D); C. erniae Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (E); C. floresiensis Robillard, n. sp. (F); C. fruhstorferi Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (G); C. halmahera Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (H); C. jdoeria Robillard, n. sp. (I); C. kondoi Otte, 2007 (J); C. kotandora Robillard, n. sp. (K); C. lampongsi Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (L); C. loboe Robillard, n. sp. (M); C. oeroe Robillard, n. sp. (N). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Male forewing venation of Cardiodactylus species: Cardiodactylus borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (A); C. celebae Robillard, n. sp. (B), C. erniae Robillard, n. sp. (C); C. floresiensis Robillard, n. sp. (D); C. jdoeria Robillard, n. sp. (E); C. kondoi Otte, 2007 (F); C. kotandora Robillard, n. sp. (G); C. loboe Robillard, n. sp. (H); C. oeroe Robillard, n. sp. (I); C. lampongsi Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (J). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Female forewing venation of Cardiodactylus species: Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007 (A); C. muiri Otte, 2007 (B); C. obi Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (C), C. oeroe Robillard, n. sp. (D); C. lampongsi Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (E); C. sumba Robillard, n. sp. (F); C. tello Robillard, n. sp. (G); C. pelagus Otte, 2007 (H); C. variegatus Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (I). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Ovipositor of Cardiodactylus species: Cardiodactylus borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (A); C. buru Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (B); C. erniae Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (C); C. floresiensis Robillard, n. sp. (D); C. fruhstorferi Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (E); C. halmahera Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (F); C. kondoi Otte, 2007 (G); C. kotandora Robillard, n. sp. (H); C. lampongsi Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (I); C. loboe Robillard, n. sp. (J); C. lombrinjani Robillard, n. sp. (K); C. muiri Otte, 2007 (L); C. muria Robillard, n. sp. (M); C. obi Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (N); C. oeroe Robillard, n. sp. (O); C. pelagus Otte, 2007 (P); C. sumba Robillard, n. sp. (Q); C. tello Robillard, n. sp. (R); C. variegatus Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (S). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Female copulatory papilla of Cardiodactylus species in ventral (left), dorsal (middle) and lateral (right) views: C. borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (A); C. buru Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (B); C. erniae Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (C); C. floresiensis Robillard, n. sp. (D); C. fruhstorferi Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (E); C. halmahera Gorochov & Robillard, n. sp. (F); C. kondoi Otte, 2007 (G); C. kotandora Robillard, n sp.(H); C. lampongsi Robillard & Gorochov, n. sp. (I); Cardiodactylus loboe Robillard, n. sp. (J). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 29. Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a: male in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; female in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views; male genitalia in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bars: A–D: 5 mm; E–G: 1 mm.

FIGURE 30. Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a: secondary forested habitat in Laguna University Land Grant, Luzon, Philippines (A); female on leaf (B); male on leaf (C); juvenile on branch at night (D).

FIGURE 31. Calling song of Cardiodactylus kondoi Otte, 2007a: oscillogram of 5 syllables (A); detailled oscillogram (B) and sonogram (C) of 1 syllable; frequency spectrum of 1 syllable (D).