Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis

Rheindt, Frank E., Christidis, Les, Norman, Janette A., Eaton, James A., Sadanandan, Keren R. & Schodde, Richard, 2017, Speciation in Indo-Pacific swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae): integrating molecular and phenotypic data for a new provisional taxonomy of the Collocalia esculenta complex, Zootaxa 4250 (5), pp. 401-433 : 426-428

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4250.5.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB14617A-A05F-4C0D-82E7-0EA575A120B3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629711

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DDCB44-FFE0-FFA2-FF07-09B707DED73E

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis
status

subsp. nov.

Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis View in CoL , new subspecies

Holotype: ANWC 2993 About ANWC , adult female, collected by R. Schodde and Yaga Kanz at Konone, south foot of Mt. Takuan massif, c. 760 m altitude, south Bougainville Island, 16 August 1964.

Diagnosis: Differs from geographically flanking C. e. tametamele (New Britain) in its usually all-dusky dorsal under-down, finer and more rounded grey freckling over the flanks, more extensive white sides to the rump, and larger size; from C. e. hypogrammica (Nissan Island) in its more vividly dark blue-glossed dorsum, with extensive white sides to the rump, and larger size; and from C. e. becki (central Solomon Islands) in its more extensively white sides to the rump, more extensively white belly and large size. Wing (100–)102–107(–109) mm (both sexes).

Distribution: Buka and Bougainville Islands, Solomon Islands. The population on adjacent Shortland Island may belong to this subspecies, although Salomonsen (1983) and Mayr & Diamond (2001: 383) have referred it to C. e. becki (see below).

Etymology: the epithet lagonoleucos is an arbitrarily formed word derived from the Greek noun λαγον, meaning “flanks”, and the Greek adjective λευκος, meaning “white”, in reference to the distinctive white sides to the rump of this subspecies. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition [Article 31.2.3 of the Code ( ICZN 1999)].

Uniformly dark-rumped populations in the Solomons (becki) are found from Choiseul and Vella Lavella in the northwest to Malaita and Guadalcanal in the southeast, but they are rather variable in the extent of dark ventral freckling ( Mayr 1931) and may comprise more than one taxon. On Makira and satellite islets, makirensis has been distinguished by a darker back, more extensively white belly and patchy white feather edging at the sides of the rump, all traits accentuated in the form desiderata on Rennell and Bellona in the extreme southeast of the Solomons. Apparently unique to makirensis, however, and previously unreported, is a finely dusky-feathered tarsus (n=9 of 9) and feathered hind toe (n= 7 of 9), which may reflect deep genetic divergence and speciation. C. e. desiderata has a naked tarsus and hind toe (n=10).

Differentiation in central Melanesia. New Caledonian-Loyalty Island populations are differentiated from those in Santa Cruz-Vanuatu in their much paler, freckled breasts and clearer tail spots, as described by Salomonsen (1983). Enclaves in the Banks Islands, northern Vanuatu (n=4), have rather clear white lore spots, approaching

those of C. esculenta , and may also prove to have differentiated.

Classification of the eastern esculenta group. In summary, we propose the following taxonomic arrangement

for the eastern esculenta group. C. esculenta itself may comprise several allospecies. We have already followed this

newly proposed treatment in a recent treatise on the birds of the Indonesian Archipelago ( Eaton et al. 2016)

C. sumbawae

C. sumbawae sumbawae Stresemann, 1925 View in CoL —Sumbawa; Flores (subspecies?) • C. sumbawae sumbae Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis View in CoL , this work — Sumba

C. neglecta View in CoL

C. neglecta neglecta G.R. Gray, 1866 View in CoL —Sawu, Roti, Semau, Timor

C. neglecta perneglecta Mayr, 1944 View in CoL a—Alor, Wetar, Kisar,?intergradient with nominate C. esculenta View in CoL on Romang, Damar and Tanimbar

C. esculenta

C. esculenta minuta Stresemann, 1925 View in CoL —Tanahjampea, Kalao

C. esculenta esculenta ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL —S & C Sulawesi, Banggai and Sula Archipelagos, S Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Ambon, and Seram Laut, Watubella, Kai Islands), Aru Islands (subspecies?) • C. esculenta manadensis Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —N Sulawesi (Minahassa Peninsula), Sangihe and Talaud Archipelagos

C. esculenta spilura G.R. Gray, 1866 View in CoL —N Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera and offshore islands, Bacan, Obi)

C. esculenta amethystina Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —Waigeo

C. esculenta numforensis Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —Numfor,? Biak Islands (Cenderawasih Bay, New Guinea) • C. esculenta nitens Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 View in CoL — Western Papuan Islands, New Guinea, Yapen and Karkar Islands (includes C. e. erwini Collin & Hartert, 1927)

C. esculenta misimae Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —Trobriand and Woodlark Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (subspecies?)

C. esculenta tametamele Stresemann, 1921 View in CoL —Long, Witu and Tolokiwa Islands , New Britain ( Bismarck Archipelago)

C. esculenta stresemanni Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 View in CoL —Admiralty Islands (Bismarck Archipelago) • C. esculenta heinrothi Neumann, 1919 View in CoL —New Hanover, Nusa, New Ireland, Djaul (Bismarck Archipelago) • C. esculenta spilogaster Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —Tabar, Lihir, Tanga, Feni (Hibernian Islands) • C. esculenta hypogrammica Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL —Nissan (Hibernian Islands) • C. esculenta lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt View in CoL , & Christidis, this work—Buka, Bougainville, Shortland (?subspecies) (NW Solomon Islands)

C. esculenta becki Mayr, 1931 View in CoL —all Solomon Islands between, but excluding, Bougainville and Makira • C. esculenta makirensis Mayr, 1931 View in CoL — Makira Group (SE Solomon Islands) • C. esculenta View in CoL desiderata Mayr, 1931 — Rennell and Bellona Islands (SE Solomon Islands)

C. uropygialis View in CoL

C. uropygialis uropygialis G.R. Gray, 1866 View in CoL —Utupua, Vanikoro (Santa Cruz Islands), Vanuatu • C. uropygialis albidior Salomonsen, 1983 View in CoL — New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands

English names for newly defined species taxa. We suggest the following English names for the species-level groups newly distinguished here: Collocalia affinis View in CoL —Plume-toed Swiftlet (named for its distinctive feathered hallux setting it apart from C. linchi View in CoL , with which it is sympatric); Collocalia natalis View in CoL — Christmas Island Swiftlet (named for the island to which it is restricted); Collocalia isonota View in CoL —Ridgetop Swiftlet (named for its preference for mountainous and hilly settings in areas where it co-occurs with sympatric C. marginata View in CoL ); Collocalia sumbawae View in CoL — Tenggara Swiftlet (named for its occurrence in comparatively large areas of Nusa Tenggara, literally “the southeastern archipelago”); Collocalia neglecta View in CoL —Drab Swiftlet (named for its comparative lack of iridescence and general drabness); Collocalia uropygialis View in CoL —Satin Swiftlet (named for its exceptionally glossy plumage suggestive of satin texture and hue). Other species of white-bellied swiftlets for which English names are already in common use are Collocalia linchi View in CoL ( Linchi View in CoL or Cave Swiftlet), C. dodgei View in CoL (Kinabalu or Bornean Swiftlet), C. marginata (Grayrumped Swiftlet) View in CoL and C. esculenta (Glossy Swiftlet) View in CoL ( Sibley & Monroe 1990; Moyle et al. 2008; Gill & Donsker 2016).

Correlates of differentiation. Morphological differences among species and subspecies in the white-bellied swiftlet complex are slight and frequently cryptic, and similarities such as hallux feathering probably often convergent given that they occur in such widely disjunct forms as C. affinis , C. neglecta and C. esculenta makirensis . Morphological trends, such as north-south dulling and paling of plumage from the Moluccas to Timor and stepped whitening of the rump from the Solomon Islands to Vanuatu, should be treated with caution as indicators of gene flow until confirmed by molecular data.

Despite the great geographic range of the complex and its aerial capabilities, its individual taxa are not consistent over-sea colonisers. That is obvious from the separation of species through the Philippines and Lesser Sundas, and splitting of subspecies along the Wallacean-Papuasian arc. Neighbouring species in the Philippines may be separated by as little as 20–50 km-wide stretches of water, with so far only localized evidence of intergradation. In the Lesser Sundas, sea straits apparently separating C. sumbawae and C. neglecta on the inner Banda arc are barely 10 km wide. Subspecies between Sulawesi and the Solomons are commonly separated by water gaps about 80 km wide. Processes of allopatric localization appear to offer the simplest explanation for resultant patterns of differentiation: small founder populations, roost- and nest-site philopatry, competitive exclusion and periodic genetic bottlenecks during Pleistocene fluctuations have combined to generate divergence between local populations and genetic integrity within them.

Speciation in the complex is centred zoogeographically in the region between the Philippines, Greater Sundas and Wallacea, on either side of Wallace’s Line ( Wallace 1860; Mayr 1944b; van Oosterzee 1997, 2006). Five of the most deeply diverged species groups in the complex reach their eastern ( linchi , affinis , and isonota ) or western ( sumbawae , esculenta ) limits on or near Wallace’s Line. Although the Sunda shelf fringing southeast Asia has been a relatively stable land form since the early Mesozoic, the region to the north and east, from the Philippines through Wallacea to the west rim of the Australo-Papuan plate, has been perhaps the most tectonically volatile on earth through the Cenozoic. Rough and approximate dating of the divergence process in white-bellied swiftlets based on Weir & Schluter’s (2008) mitochondrial clock rate for avian mtDNA coding genes indicates that diversification in the complex commenced ~5–4 mya ( Figure 2 View FIGURE 2 ), coinciding with major tectonic rearrangements in the region that have shaped the present-day geographic position of most regional landmasses ( Hall 2002, 2009), underlining the importance of earth-historic processes for biotic differentiation in the region.

ANWC

Australian National Wildlife Collection

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Aves

Order

Apodiformes

Family

Apodidae

Genus

Collocalia

Loc

Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis

Rheindt, Frank E., Christidis, Les, Norman, Janette A., Eaton, James A., Sadanandan, Keren R. & Schodde, Richard 2017
2017
Loc

C. esculenta manadensis

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. esculenta amethystina

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. esculenta numforensis

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. esculenta misimae

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. esculenta spilogaster

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. esculenta hypogrammica

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. uropygialis albidior

Salomonsen 1983
1983
Loc

C. neglecta perneglecta

Mayr 1944
1944
Loc

C. esculenta becki

Mayr 1931
1931
Loc

C. esculenta makirensis

Mayr 1931
1931
Loc

C. sumbawae sumbawae

Stresemann 1925
1925
Loc

C. esculenta minuta

Stresemann 1925
1925
Loc

C. esculenta tametamele

Stresemann 1921
1921
Loc

C. esculenta heinrothi

Neumann 1919
1919
Loc

C. esculenta nitens

Ogilvie-Grant 1914
1914
Loc

C. esculenta stresemanni

Rothschild & Hartert 1914
1914
Loc

C. neglecta neglecta

G.R. Gray 1866
1866
Loc

C. esculenta spilura

G.R. Gray 1866
1866
Loc

C. uropygialis uropygialis

G.R. Gray 1866
1866
Loc

C. esculenta esculenta (

Linnaeus 1758
1758
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