Zornia reticulata Smith (1818)

Rauber, Cristiane Ritter, Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Caxambu, Marcelo Galeazzi & Temponi, Lívia Godinho, 2021, Synopsis of Leguminosae from Iguaçu National Park, Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 501 (2), pp. 245-280 : 273-275

68. Zornia reticulata Smith (1818) . ( Fig. 9G and H )

Distribution: The species is widely distributed through Central and South America ( Perez 2009); in Brazil it occurs in states of all regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020). In ParNa Iguaçu it occurs in the Céu Azul area.

Reproductive period: According to Perez (2009) it flowers and fruits the whole year. In ParNa Iguaçu it was collected with flowers in February.

Diagnostic characteristics: Subshrubs with 2-foliolate leaves, spicate inflorescences, yellow flowers and loment fruit.

Conservation: Native-NE.

Selected examined material: BRAZIL. Paraná: Area 1, Céu Azul , 7 February 2019, (fl.), M.G. Caxambu 8886 ( HCF) .

Among the 63 species studied in ParNa Iguaçu, five species of five genera are found only in the AF vegetation type, 50 species of 36 genera only in the SF and eight species of seven genera are found in both the SF and AF vegetation types ( Table 1). Among the SF species 17 species within 14 genera occur only in the Foz do Iguaçu area, 11 species of 10 genera occur only in the Céu Azul area, and two species of two genera are found only in the Capanema area ( Table 1).

The most representative genera of ParNa Iguaçu were Senegalia with eight species representing about 12% of the species in the Park, followed by Desmodium , Machaerium and Mimosa with four species each, representing individually about 7% of the species in the Park. Among the Leguminosae of ParNa Iguaçu three are endemic to Brazil, Abarema langsdorffii , Albizia polycephala , Cassia leptophylla and two are endemic to the state of Paraná, Mimosa prionopus and Senegalia rafinesqueana . Furthermore, two species are considered vulnerable, Apuleia leiocarpa and Gleditsia amorphoides , both with a distribution restricted to the Foz do Iguaçu area.

The phytosociology and floristic works carried out in ParNa Iguaçu list 40 and 35 species of Leguminosae respectively, several of which were not included in this synopsis ( Trochez et al. 2017; Souza et al. 2019). Probably some of these names were the result of misidentifications. The list of Trochez et al. (2017), was restricted to species collected in the Foz do Iguaçu area, and obtained exclusively from online herbarium databases, as an example Machaerium brasiliense (UNOP) was redetermined in our work as Machaerium paraguariense . The phytosociological studies of Souza et al. (2019), in their great majority, were identified from sterile samples compared to species occurring in the ParNa region and are deposited in the herbarium MBM, which was personally consulted in our work.

Leguminosae is considered to be a difficult family to identify at a generic and/or specific level from sterile specimens, which can lead to serious identification errors that tend to be replicated in later studies, such as of forest restoration, which has been a trend in the area of Plant Ecology.

Species Céu Azul Capanema Foz do Iguaçu SFAFSFSF

Abarema langsdorfii (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes * x

Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. x

Albizia polycephala (Benth.) Killip ex Record * x

Bauhinia forficata Link x x

Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. * x

Calliandra foliolosa Benth. * x x x

Calliandra tweedii Benth. x

Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) E. Gagnon & G.P. Lewis *+ x x

Cassia leptophylla Vogel x

Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. x

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench* x

Cochliasanthus caracalla (L.) Trew*+ x x

Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. * x x

Cratylia intermedia (Hassl.) L.P.Queiroz & R.Monteiro x x x

Crotalaria micans Link x x

Crotalaria pallida Aiton x x

Cyclolobium brasiliense Benth. x

Dahlstedtia muehlbergiana (Hassl.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo x

Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton x x x

Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. + x

Desmodium affine Schltdl. x x x

Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC. * x x

Desmodi umuncinatum (Jacq.) DC.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong x x x

Erythrina falcata Benth. x

Erythrina speciosa Andrews x

Gleditsia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taub. x

Holocalyx balansae Micheli x

Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. x

Inga marginata Willd. * x x x x

Inga striata Benth. x x

Inga vera Willd. x x

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit x

Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.M.G.Azevedo & H.C. Lima x

Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld x x

Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth. * x x

Machaerium paraguariense Hassl. x x

Machaerium stipitatum Vogel x x x

Macropsychanthus violaceus (Mart. ex Benth.) L.P.Queiroz & Snak x

Macroptilium erythroloma (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. x x

Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze x x x

Mimosa candollei R.Grether x

Mimosa pigra L. x

Mimosa prionopus Barneby * x

Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.+ x

Muellera campestris (Mart. ex Benth.) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo x x x

Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão x x

Nissolia brasiliensis (Vogel) T.M.Moura & Fort. -Perez x x

Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan + x x x

Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. x x

Phaseolus lunatus L. x

Poecilanthe parviflora Benth. x

Schnella microstachya Raddi x x

* new occurrences for AF, + new occurrences for SF.

Some of the species cited in these works such as Albizia niopoides (Spuce ex Benth.) Burkart are easily confused vegetatively with species of the genus Senegalia . Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan resembles the species Parapiptadenia rigida . Lonchocarpus nitidus (Vogel) Benth. , and Myroxylon peruiferum L.f., are commonly confused with genera in the Park such as Muellera , Dahlstedtia and Lonchocarpus .

Additional species are also listed in these studies, but without voucher numbers to confirm their identification, such as Dalbergia brasiliensis Vogel. , Inga virescens Benth. and Pterogyne nitens Tul.

Other works by Gris & Temponi (2017) and Cielo-Filho et al. (2017) on the periphery of the ParNa Iguazu and surrounding fragments, indicated the presence of 10 and seven species of Leguminosae , respectively for this area. Of these 17 species only Pterogyne nitens cited in Cielo Filho et al. (2017), was not found in this study, however the sample was collected sterile and could have been confused with species of the genera Machaerium , Lonchocarpus and Muellera , which are present in ParNa Iguaçu.

Besides these species, there is also a sterile record of Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl (Lindeman, J.C. 3569 RB) collected in 1966, but it was not found in reproductive phase during this study and it was not possible to confirm its identification due to the similarity with other species recorded in ParNa Iguaçu such as Poecilanthe parviflora and Machaerium paraguariense . There is another collection of Lindeman (3308), in the NY herbarium ( Albizia sp. ) for Iguaçu National Park, however the locality is incorrectly recorded, and it is actually the Parque Iguaçu located in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná.

In addition to these works mentioned, and the list available in the Management Plan for ParNa Iguaçu, 24 species were recorded for the first time in this Conservation Unity and the geographical distribution of Senegalia rafinesqueana , a recently described species endemic to the state of Paraná (Terra & Garcia 2019), was extended to the western region of Paraná. Furthermore, with this study, the area of occurrence of 12 species was extended to AF and 10 to SF, vegetation types of the Atlantic Forest present in ParNa Iguaçu. The results confirm the importance of floras and/or synopses in CUs, as they are basic resources for the Management Plan of ParNa Iguaçu , and other studies in other areas such as ecology, environmental education, physiology, phytochemistry and genetics, all of which depend on the identification and indication of the location of the species within the park .

Figures

FIGURE 9. A and B: Poecilanthe parviflora: A: inflorescence; B: flower; C: Senegalia nitidifolia, branch with nectaries; D: Senegalia tenuifolia, stem with prickles; E and F: Senegalia tucumanensis: E: branch with inflorescence; F: inflorescence; G and H: Zornia reticulata: G: branch with flower; H: flower.