Pyrgomorphidae, Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874

Zahid, Sundus, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Amehmood, Sardar Azhar, Muhammad, Kushi & Song, Hojun, 2020, An Illustrated Key of Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the Indian Subcontinent Region, Zootaxa 4895 (3), pp. 381-397 : 384-385

Key to Pyrgomorphidae Genera of the Indian Subcontinent

1. Anterior margin of prosternum covering the posterior and lower part of the mouth ( Fig. 3A, B ); pronotum form pentagonoid ( Fig. 4A )........................................................................................... 2

1’. Anterior margin of prosternum not covering the posterior and lower part of the mouth. ( Fig. 3C, D ); pronotum form otherwise ( Fig. 4 B–E)......................................................................................... 3

2. Frons surface with tubercles ( Fig. 3A ); lower basal lobe of hind femur longer than the upper one ( Fig. 5A ); middle femur short, much shorter than head and pronotum together; spurs of hind tibia shorter than the basal tarsal segment ( Fig. 5A ); lateral plates of epiphallus elongate and straight ( Fig. 6A ); overall body dark to light brown also pale ( Fig. 20E, G ), with dark brown and black spots on thorax, wings and legs; abdomen coloration pattern contrasting. (Present in all Indian Subcontinent)..................................................................................... Chrotogonus Serville, 1838 (4 species known: C. brachypterus , C. homalodemus , C. oxypterus , C. trachypterus )

2’. Frons surface texture relatively smooth with small pits ( Fig. 3B ); lower basal lobe of hind femur shorter than the upper one ( Fig. 5B ); middle femur thin and strongly elongated, as long as or longer than head and pronotum together; spurs of hind tibia longer than the basal tarsal segment ( Fig. 5B ); lateral plates of epiphallus strongly bent outward ( Fig. 6B ); light brown, also touch of cadmium yellow in body ( Fig. 20A, C ); white spots upon dorsal portion and legs ( Pakistan, India, Rajasthan)........................................................................................... Tenuitarsus Bolívar, 1904 (1 species known: T. orientalis )

3. Completely apterous ( Fig. 7 A–C)........................................................................ 4

3’. Micropterous ( Fig. 7D ), brachypterous ( Fig. 7E ), or macropterous ( Fig. 7F )...................................... 9

4. Very prominent spherical eyes; hind leg, third tarsomere slender and longer than first tarsomere ( Fig. 8A ). Light green and orange body with red from head to abdomen along lateral sides ( Fig. 20F, H ); black markings on lateral abdomen with tinge of black ( Sri Lanka)................................................................... Rakwana Henry, 1933 (1 species known: R. ornata )

Figures

FIGURE 3. Ventral views of head from various Pyrgomorphidae genera. (A) Chrotogonus; (B) Tenuitarsus; (C) Aularches; (D) Chlorizeina.

FIGURE 4. Dorsal views of pronotum from various Pyrgomorphidae genera. (A) Chrotogonus; (B) Orthacris; (C) Nilgiracris; (D) Poekilocerus; (E) Mekongiella

FIGURE 5. Comparison of hind legs between (A) Chrotogonus and (B) Tenuitarsus.

FIGURE 6. Comparison of epiphallus between (A) Chrotogonus and (B) Tenuitarsus. Scale bar = 0.5mm.

FIGURE 7. Wing length variation in Pyrgomorphidae. Apterous: (A) Nilgiracris, (B) Orthacris, (C) Mekongiella; Micropterous: (D) Colemania; Brachypterous: (E) Zarytes; Macropterous: (F) Atractomorpha.

FIGURE 8. Hind tarsus. (A) Rakwana; (B) Mekongiella.

FIGURE 20. Lateral and dorsal views of Pyrgomorphidae species occurring in Indian subcontinent. (A, C) Tenuitarsus angustus; (B, D) Mekongiella kingdoni; (E, G) Chrotogonus trachypterus; (F, H) Rakwana ornata. Scale bar = 5mm.