Plecoptera

Olifiers, Martina H., Dorvillé, Luís F. M., Nessimian, Jorge L. & Hamada, Neusa, 2004, A key to Brazilian genera of Plecoptera (Insecta) based on nymphs, Zootaxa 651, pp. 1-15 : 4-7

Key to Brazilian genera of Plecoptera based on last­instar nymphs

1 Thoracic gills present (Fig. 1), sometimes subanal lobe gill also present; mandible with apical teeth sharp, molar region inconspicuous (Fig. 3); maxillae with setal rows below lacinial teeth (Fig. 5); labium with poorly developed glossae and well developed round paraglossae (Fig. 7); pronotum ellipsoid with posterior margin with median concavity (Fig. 9); paraproct small and quadrangular, not visible in ventral view (Fig. 11) ......................................................................... Perlidae … 2

1' Thoracic gills absent, anal gill rosette always present (Fig. 2); mandibles with apical teeth blunt, molar region well developed (Fig. 4); maxillae with rows of setae on apex of lacinia, covering partially or completely lacinial teeth (Fig. 6); labium with glossa and paraglossa well developed, subequal and digitiform (Fig. 8); pronotum subquadrangular, posterior margin without median concavity (Fig. 10a) or with large triangular anterolateral projections (Fig. 10b); paraproct large and triangular, visible on ventral view (Fig. 12). ............................. Gripopterygidae … 5

FIGURES 1­ 3 ­5­7­9­11. Perlidae . 2­4­6­8­10 a­10b­12. Gripopterygidae . 1. Anacroneuria sp., ventral view showing thoracic gills (tg).; 2. Gripopteryx sp., dorsal view showing the anal gill rosette (gr).; 3. Kempnyia sp., right mandible ventral view; 4. Gripopteryx sp., right mandible ventral view; 5. Kempnyia sp, right maxilla ventral view; 6. Guaranyperla sp., right maxilla ventral view; 7. Kempnyia sp., labium; 8. Gripopteryx sp., labium; 9. Anacroneuria , head and pronotum (dorsal view); 10a. Paragripopteryx sp., head and pronotum (dorsal view); 10b. Guaraniperla sp., head and pronotum (dorsal view); 11. Macrogynoplax sp., end of abdomen (ventral view) showing paraprocta (p); 12. Paragripopteryx sp.., end of abdomen (ventral view showing paraprocta (p).

FIGURES 13­15­17­19­21 Macrogynoplax , 14­16­18­20­22­ Anacroneuria . 13 and 14. left mandible, ventral view; 15 and 16. left maxilla, ventral view; 17 and 18. labium; 19 and 20. head and pronotum; 21 and 22. left foreleg, lateral view.

2 (1) Mandibular basal teeth acute and prominent (Fig. 13); maxillae with inner margin concave (Fig. 15); maxillary and labial palpi slender, 2nd and 3rd segments of maxillary palpus at least 5 times as long as wide, 2nd segment of labial palpus at least 7 times as long as wide. (Figs 15, 17); posterior margin of pronotum with lateral expansion (Fig. 19); foreleg raptorial (Fig. 21) .............................. Macrogynoplax

2’ Mandibular basal teeth blunt (Fig. 14); maxillae with inner margin not concave (Fig. 16); maxillary and labial palpi not so slender as in Macrogynoplax , 2nd and 3rd segments of maxillary palpus less than 5 times as long as wide and 2nd segment of labial palpus less than 7 times as long as wide (Figs 16, 18); posterior margin of pronotum without lateral expansion (Fig. 20); foreleg not raptorial (Fig. 22) ..... 3

3 (2’) Two ocelli present; post­frontal line with median portion not curving anteriorly between ocelli ( Fig. 23 ); interocellar distance 1/3 or less of distance from each ocellus to adjacent eye ( Fig. 23 ); maxillae with dorsal patch of small setae adjacent to inner margin ( Fig. 25 ); fore femora usually with transverse row of well developed setae (Fig. 27); supra­coxal gills SC2 and SC3 absent (Fig. 29); pleural gill III composed by three rami basally, inserted ventrally, and very apparent in ventral view; subanal lobe gills absent ( Fig. 31 ) ............................... Anacroneuria

3’ Two or three ocelli present; post­frontal line with median portion curving anteriorly in between paired ocelli ( Fig. 24 ); interocellar distance 2/3 of distance from each ocellus to adjacent eye ( Fig. 24 ); maxillae without dorsal patch of small setae adjacent to inner margin (Fig. 26); fore femora without transverse row of well developed setae (Fig. 28); supra­coxal gills SC1, SC2 and SC3 present (Fig. 30); pleural gill III composed by single ramus basally, inserted laterally, and not very apparent in ventral view; subanal lobe gills present or absent (Fig. 32) ............... 4

4 (3’) Femur with ventral sulcus extending from apex to near the base (Fig. 33) ............. ................................................................................................ Enderleina (see text)

4’ Femur with ventral sulcus restricted to apical 2/3 (Fig. 34) ................... Kempnyia

5 (1’) Pronotum with large triangular anterolateral projection, flanking head (Fig. 10b); dorsum with vesicular setae (Fig. 35); abdominal tergum X with elongate median posterior projection (Fig. 36) ............................................................ Guaranyperla

5’ Pronotum without anterolateral projection (Fig. 10a); dorsum without vesicular setae; abdominal tergum X without posterior median projection (Fig. 37), if median projection present, it is spine­like and curved ventrally ( Fig. 38 ) ........... 6

6 (5’) Thoracic and abdominal terga with spines, sometimes thoracic spines small ( Figs 38, 39 ) Gripopteryx

6’ Thoracic and abdominal terga without spines (Fig. 40) ........................................ 7

7 (6’) Mandible with setae present on molar region and/or posterad (Fig. 41); femora without ventral spine (Fig. 43) ..................................................... Paragripopteryx

7’ Mandibles glabrous (Fig. 42); femora with ventral spine (Fig. 44) .......... Tupiperla

Figures

FIGURE 31. Anacroneuria, ventral view with thoracic gills (tg); 32. Kempnyia, ventral view with thoracic gills (tg); 34. Kempnyia, foreleg, ventral view showing ventral sulcus (vs); 33. Enderleina, foreleg ventral view showing ventral sulcus (vs); 35. Guaranyperla, lateral view, vesicular setae (s); 36. Guaranyperla, end abdomen, dorsal view, with posterior median projection; 37. Gripopteryx, end abdomen, dorsal view without posterior median projection.

FIGURES 23 ­ 25 ­ 27 ­ 29 ­ 31 Anacroneuria, 24 ­ 26 ­ 28 ­ 30 Kempnyia. 23 and 24. head, ocelli and post frontal line; 25 and 26. right maxille ventral view 27 and 28. left foreleg (lateral view); transverse row of setae in Anacroneuria (rs); 29 and 30. lateral view, thoracic gills: pleural gills (pl) and supra­coxal gills (sc); sc 2 and sc 3 absent in Anacroneuria;

FIGURES 38 & 39. Gripopteryx, lateral view, dorsum with spines (ds) and abdominal tergum X with and without posterior median projection (pmp); 40. Paragrypopterix, lateral view; 41. Paragrypopteryx, left mandible, ventral view, with setae (s) on molar region; 43. Paragripopteryx, foreleg lateral view; 42. Tupiperla, left mandible, ventral view; 44. Tupiperla, foreleg lateral view, femoral ventral spine (fs).