Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883

Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio Fiuza, Costa, Luiz Ant ồnio Alves & Coelho, Lívia Aguiar, 2007, Redescription, new records and host plant for Sysinas centralis Distant, (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), Zootaxa 1581 (1), pp. 45-52 : 47-51

Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883

( Figs 1–5 )

Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883: 249 (new species)

Sysinas centralis: Atkinson, 1890: 52 (catalogue)

Sysinas centralis: Carvalho, 1957:128 (catalogue)

Sysinas centralis: Carvalho & Dolling, 1976:794 (Lectotype designation)

Sysinas centralis: Schuh, 1995:579 (catalogue)

Description. Male. Measurements taken from 10 specimens. Average and range (minimum and maximum).

MALE mean minimum maximum

Body length 4.38 4.10 4.75

Body width 1.59 1.40 1.65

Head length 0.82 0.80 0.88

Width through eyes 1.13 1.10 1.15

Vertex width 0.64 0.60 0.68

Length antennal I 0.52 0.50 0.55

Length antennal II 0.84 0.80 0.88

Length antennal III 0.58 0.55 0.60

Length antennal IV 0.41 0.38 0.43

Rostrum length 1.06 1.00 1.13

Pronotal length 0.83 0.78 0.88

Pronotal base 1.42 1.40 1.48

Cuneal length 0.72 0.65 0.80

Cuneal width 0.47 0.38 0.53

Scutellum length 0.58 0.55 0.60

Scutellum width 0.69 0.68 0.70

Hind femur length 1.38 1.33 1.43

Hind tibia length 1.65 1.60 0.73

Hind tarsus length 0.35 0.33 0.38

Bryocorinae , Eccritotarsini . Body shining, vertex rounded, antennal segments cylindrical, hemelytra opaque with lateral margin somewhat parallel-sided. Head smooth, shining, declivous, broad at base and conspicuously acuminated between antennal sockets to apex; head dorsally most glabrous with small pale adpressed pilosities on middle of vertex and close to eyes; vertex convex with posterior margin not carinate; clypeus slightly convex and well delimited from frons; eyes prominent, sub-sessile, slightly produced backwards and contiguous to anterior margin of pronotum; eyes at rear of head; each antennal socket touching adjacent eye; antennal segment I shorter than vertex width; relative lengths from shortest to longest: IV-I-III- II, vestiture adpressed, not longer than diameter of segments; rostrum reaching middle of mesosternum and frequently midcoxae. Pronotum shining, finally punctuated with short dense pubescence, collar narrow, calli well delimited; lateral margins rounded; posterior margin slightly convex; mesoscutum partially exposed. Scutellum shining, slightly convex with a “V” basal depression, covered with short, pale, adpressed pilosity. Hemelytron slightly rugose, shining, opaque, with dense short, pale, adpressed pubescence; costal margin somewhat downward; embolium clearly delimited to apex; cuneus longer than wide; membrane fuscous; femora with long erect setae mixed with adpressed pilosity; tibiae with adpressed pilosity shorter than diameter of tibia.

General coloration dark brown with yellowish and orange areas. Head predominantly dark, pale beneath; clypeus shining black; jugum and lorum yellowish orange; antennal segments uniformly black; in some specimens dark area of head reduced to narrow median area of vertex with internal margins of eyes yellowish - pattern A and B ( Fig. 2 ) or absent – pattern C ( Fig. 2 ); rostrum with segment I yellowish, labrum black, segments III and IV brownish becoming fuscous apically. Pronotum yellowish orange with broad central longitudinal fascia on disk narrowing anteriorly until meeting dark area of collar and head – pattern B ( Fig. 2 ); in some specimens dark fascia enlarged on calli or reduced to an area on middle of disk - pattern A and C ( Figs. 2 ). Scutellum uniformly dark brown to black. Hemelytron dark brow, costal margin including embolium, exocorium, and cuneus (except apex fuscous) yellowish; membrane uniformly fuscous, veins dark fuscous. Underside of thorax yellowish, central area of mesosternum and ostiolar peritreme brown; coxae yellowish, femora yellowish, usually with apical half darkened; tibiae brownish, becoming dark at apices; tarsi dark brown. Abdomen yellowish, pygophore dark brown to almost black.

Genitalia: Vesica ( Fig 3 a,b ) with three developed membranous lobes and a long seminal tube. Secondary gonopore ending in two asymmetrical lobes. Margin of smaller lobe with micro-spines.

Left paramere ( Fig 4 a,b ) enlarged at middle with short scattered setae, apex bent, rounded.

Right paramere ( Fig 4 c,d ) with distal region bent, concave, and with acute apex. Short setae on dorsal region scattered.

Female: Measurements taken from 8 specimens. Average and range (minimum and maximum).

FEMALE mean minimum maximum

Body length 4.43 4.25 4.70

Body width 1.55 1.50 1.65

Head length 0.79 0.75 0.83

Width through eyes 1.12 1.08 1.15

Vertex width 0.61 0.60 0.63

Length antennal I 0.51 0.48 0.55

Length antennal II 0.83 0.78 0.88

Length antennal III 0.58 0.55 0.60

Length antennal IV 0.41 0.38 0.43

Rostrum length 1.04 1.00 1.08

Pronotal length 0.87 0.83 0.93

Pronotal base 1.45 1.38 1.53

Cuneal length 0.73 0.68 0.75

Cuneal width 0.50 0.45 0.53

Scutellum length 0.57 0.55 0.60

Scutellum width 0.69 0.63 0.75

Hind femur length 1.38 1.25 1.48

Hind tibia length 1.63 1.55 1.75

Hind tarsus length 0.36 0.35 0.38

Females similar to males in color and form, both varying in color pattern of head and pronotum.

Genitalia ( Fig. 5 a,b ): Anterior gonapophyses ( Fig 5a ) sclerotized, slightly concave at middle, narrowing to apex; apical half with sequence of wide and sub-square teeth; apex blunted; ventral margin smooth, slightly sinuous at middle; internal groove well marked.

Posterior gonapophyses ( Fig 5b ) narrowing to apex. Dorsal margin slightly concave. Border of apex formed by small teeth. Groove slightly marked.

Geographic distribution: Guatemala: Cerro Zunil; Jamaica: Trelawney-wind; Cuba; Brazil: Pará / Amapá (Rio Jarí), Mato Grosso (Chapada), Minas Gerais (Viçosa, Campos Altos), Santa Catarina (Nova Teutonia). New country records: Jamaica, Cuba; New Brazilian State Records: Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina.

Large number of specimens was found on the leaves and collected with a beating net. They were found only in a single tree known as “arvore leiteira” ( Euphorbiaceae : Sapium sp. ) in an area of pasture located in the Cerrado (savanna vegetation). This region is in the municipality of Campos Altos, Minas Gerais State (19º 41’45’’S; 46º 10’30’’W) with altitude of 1100 m. The average temperature: minimum 19ºC and maximum 26ºC and average precipitation 194.4mm.

S. centralis can be distinguished from other species in its genus by characters of the male genitalia and the following color characters: head usually with black spot on vertex and clypeus; pronotum not totally black; hemelytra black, and embolium and external margin of cuneus yellowish.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 2. Patterns of head and pronotum. A - Dark area of head reduced to a median area of vertex narrowing to apex of clypeus. Dark fascia of pronotum reduced to an area on middle of disk. B - Dark area of head as above. Pronotum with a broad central longitudinal fascia on disk narrowing anteriorly and meeting the dark area of collar and head. C - Dark area of head absent. Dark fascia of pronotum reduced to an area on middle of disk.

FIGURE 3. Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883, male genitalia, Vesica, A — ventral view, B — lateral view.

FIGURE 4. Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883, male genitalia, Parameres. Left paramere: A — ventral view, B — dorsal view. Right paramere: C — lateral view, D — dorsal view.

FIGURE 5. Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883, female genitalia: A — Anterior gonapophyses, B — Posterior gonapophyses.