Phoniscus jagorii (Peters, 1866)

Thong, Vu Dinh, Bumrungsri, Sara, Harrison, David L., Pearch, Malcolm J., Helgen, Kristofer M. & Bates, Paul J. J., 2006, New records of Microchiroptera (Rhinolophidae and Kerivoulinae) from Vietnam and Thailand, Acta Chiropterologica 8 (1), pp. 83-93 : 87-88

Phoniscus jagorii (Peters, 1866)

Peter’s trumpet-eared bat

Vespertilio (Kerivoula) jagorii Peters, 1866: 399 ; Samar Island, Philippine Islands

New material, previous records and distri- bution

Vietnam: Xom Du study site, Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho Province (21°06’N, 104°57’E), 24 November 2003, 1 ♀ (XS 53) collected by Vu Dinh Thong and Pham Duc Tien. Thailand: Tamearn-Thom Castle, Huai-Thab Tan-Huai Samran Wildlife Sanctuary, Surin Province, 400 ma.s.l., (14°21’N, 103°50’E), 18 January 2000, 1 ♂ (PSU-M 05.10) collected by S. Bum- rungsri.

These are the first records for Vietnam and Thailand. Previously known from Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands and Samar Island in the Philippines (Simmons, 2005).

Description and taxonomic notes

The recent specimen from Vietnam is preserved in ethanol and it is difficult to de- termine the pelage colour with certainty. However, its hairs appear to have four dis- tinct colour bands, namely dark brown or blackish-brown at the base, followed by buff, then brown, and finally golden or whitish-yellow tips; the paler tips are more pronounced on the ventral surface. The hairs of the wet specimen from Thailand have become ‘foxed’ after being stored in daylight and have no diagnostic value. The skulls have a condylo-basal length of 15.4 and 15.6 mm (Table 2). This corre- sponds well with measurements (in mm) for P. j. jagorii (15.3) and P. j. javanus (15.3, 15.9) included in Hill (1965). Skull shape is essentially similar to the description given in Hill (1965). Both specimens have well- defined basioccipital pits. These are deeper than those of P. atrox , which has a smaller skull, but this character is only useful if

Species Sex HB TAIL HF

TIBIA FA E MASS Rhinolophus shameli 3♂♂ 1♀ 47.0– 48.1 47.5, 0.5 47.7 19.4– 21.020.4, 0.9 22.4 9.4– 10.29.7, 0.4 9.2 22.7 – 23.723.1, 0.5 21.946.5– 47.3 47.0, 0.5 45.819.6–

20.720.3, 0.7 16.98.4– 9.5 8.8, 0.6 8.6 Phoniscus jagorii 1♂ 1♀ 45.239.8 36.540.28.59.1 18.020.335.338.012.312.5– 5.8 P. atrox 1♂ 41.3 29.5 7.6 16.3 34.3 13.35.0 Kerivoula kachinensis 2♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 47.0,47.0 35.5, 46.7 53.0,59.050.5, 56.1 8.5,11.08.5, 8.7 22.7,24.022.8, 23.5 40.4, 43.4 41.6, 43.2 11.0(1) 10.0, 12.9 7.5 (1) 7.4, 8.3

material of both species is available for comparison at the same time. Upper tooth- row length (C–M3) of 6.7 and 6.8 mm is comparable to those of 6.7, 6.7 and 7.1 mm listed by Hill (1965). The first upper incisor (I2) has a single cusp and is pointed. The second incisor (I3) is distinctly small and short (0.5–0.6 mm). The canine (C1) has two longitudinal, lateral grooves on its out- er face (Fig. 2). The first upper premolar (P2) is broader than the second (P3) but shorter antero-posteriorly ( Fig. 3 ). P3 is ap- proximately rectangular in shape but with an antero-internal elongation. In the lower dentition, the premolars are narrow, espe- cially the second (P3 — see Fig. 3 ).

Since so few voucher specimens are available for study, it is difficult to deter- mine if the taxa javanus and rapax are valid subspecies, as provisionally indicated by Hill (1965), or whether they are simply syn- onyms of P. j. jagorii . For this reason, the subspecific status of both of the current specimens cannot be determined and they are referred simply to P. jagorii.

Echolocation

Based on the recent Thai material, the echolocation calls (in kHz) of P. jagorii are characterized by a broadband FM sweep with a start frequency of 137–140 (0 = 137.55, SD = 1.66, n = 4) and an end fre- quency of 82.9 ± 3.45 (77.0–85.7). Peak frequency is 88 (87.5–88.2). Calls are of low intensity and short duration (1.41–1.58 ms). When calls are emitted in series, the interval is about 13 ms. In Malaysia, King- ston et al. (1999) reported a start frequency of 169.3 (154.4–184.8, n = 18), and end fre- quency of 70.4 kHz (61.6–76.0, n = 18), a peak frequency of 94.4 (79.2–117.6, n = 18), and a call duration of 2.2 ms (1.6–3.2 ms, n = 18).

Species Sex GTL SL CBL CCL ZB BB PC C–M 3 M 3 – M 3C–M3MDL Rhinolophus shameli 3♂♂ – 20.9– 21.221.1, 0.2 – 18.3–18.818.6, 0.2 10.2– 10.410.4, 0.2 8.7–8.98.9, 0.11.8– 2.11.9, 0.2 8.1– 8.58.3, 0.2 7.4–7.97.6, 0.28.6– 9.08.8, 0.2 14.2– 14.5 14.4, 0.2 1♀ – 20.4– 18.09.98.62.18.07.48.313.8Phoniscus jagorii1♂ 1♀ 16.417.016.316.815.415.615.115.39.99.67.77.74.54.06.86.75.75.87.37.212.012.2P. atrox 1♂15.415.1 14.013.6 9.0 7.23.95.95.26.410.6 Kerivoula

kachinensis 2♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 17.9(1) 17.5, 17.8 16.9, 17.416.8, 17.3 15.2,16.716.4, 16.6 15.5,16.315.6, 16.1 10.1, 10.710.3, 10.7 7.6,8.27.8, 7.9 3.5,3.53.6, 3.7 6.8, 6.96.6, 6.9 6.4,6.46.4, 6.4 7.4, 7.47.2, 7.5 12.6, 12.712.2, 12.5

Ecological notes and conservation status

In Vietnam, P. jagorii was collected in a harp trap set across a narrow path close to the small village of Xom Lap, which is situated in Xuan Son National Park. There is considerable limestone karst and primary forest in the vicinity. Murina cyclotis was collected from the same locality. In Thai- land, a male specimen was caught in a harp trap at 19:30 hours on the edge of a moder- ately disturbed, semi-evergreen forest in a flat area with an elevation of 400 m a.s.l. This forest is on a plateau that connects with a large forest patch in Cambodia. P. jagorii was found to be very manoeuvrable, some- times flying close to the ground. Previously, specimens from Malaysia were recorded from the primary forest (Kingston et al., 2003). Its conservation status is lower risk, least concern (Hutson et al., 2001).

Figures

FIG. 3. Left maxillary (above) and mandibular (below) toothrows of P. jagorii, XS.53 (left), P. atrox, PSU-M 05.11 (centre), and K. kachinensis, CMR-28 (right). (i): I3, much reduced in Phoniscus; (ii): antero-internal elongation of P3 in P. jagorii; (iii): P3 larger and rectangular in P. jagorii in comparison to P. atrox; (iv): P3 narrow in Phoniscus, broader in Kerivoula. Scale = 2 mm