Bugula pugeti Robertson 1905 , p 271

Dick, Matthew H., Grischenko, Andrei V. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2005, Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska, Journal of Natural History 39 (43), pp. 3687-3784 : 3714-3716

Bugula pugeti Robertson 1905, p 271 , Plate 10, Figures 53, 54, Plate 11, Figure 55.

Bugula pugeti: O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue 1923, p 21 ; 1925, p 100; 1926, p 45;

Osburn 1950, p 158, Plate 23, Figures 7 , 8 ; Soule et al. 1995, p 115, Plate 39.

Bugula flabellata: Robertson 1900, p 321 .

Description

Colony. Erect, branched, flexible, attached by a stalk composed of rhizoids originating from zooids at base of colony; branches in very young colonies and at base of older colonies biserial, soon becoming multiserial ( Figure 6C ), up to seven to eight zooids wide, dichotomously branching, spiralled around a central axis, with the frontal sides facing inwards.

Zooids. Elongate, 0.49–0.74 mm long (average 50.616 mm, n 520, 2) by 0.18–0.23 mm wide (average 50.201 mm, n 520, 2); widest in middle, tapering proximally, rounded distally, with a slight median knob that is sometimes open on frontal side; distal end overlapping gymnocyst of succeeding zooid, slightly raised. Walls weakly calcified, translucent. Opesia occupies nearly entire exposed frontal surface, except for narrow band of proximal gymnocyst.

Spines ( Figure 6D ). Marginal zooids typically with two well-developed, non-jointed spines at outer distolateral margin (the more distal one longer and stouter), and one at inner distal margin; interior zooids have one spine at each distolateral margin; all spines angled distally; very weakly developed in some colonies.

Avicularia ( Figure 6D ). Marginal zooids with a stout avicularium attached by a short peduncle and flexible joint to a knob on lateral wall, close to opesial margin, near or somewhat proximal to middle of opesia, but not close to proximal end of opesia. Avicularia longer than zooid width, 0.21–0.33 mm long (average 50.281 mm, n 522, 2) by

0.15–0.23 mm deep (average 50.181 mm, n 522, 2), somewhat bulbous; frontal margin slightly convex; rostrum hooked at end. Interior zooids lack an avicularium.

Ovicell. Lacking in this species; embryos brooded internally ( Robertson 1905).

Ancestrula . Not observed.

Remarks

We observed this species only at the East Tongass Narrows site, where it was common in benchrock crevices and beneath overhangs. Osburn (1950, Plate 23, Figure 7 ) showed avicularia of two sizes for this species, which Soule et al. (1995) pointed out is contrary to his description. In our specimens, a smaller avicularium is sometimes associated with a zooid proximal to or on one side of a branch point ( Figure 6D ).

Distribution

The known range is from Sitka, Alaska ( Robertson 1905) southward to San Francisco Bay, California ( Osburn 1950).

Figures

Figure 6. (A, B) Bugula pacifica Robertson: (A) general colony view; (B) autozooids and lateral avicularia. (C, D) Bugula pugeti Robertson: (C) general colony view; (D) autozooids and lateral avicularia; note smaller avicularium near branch point (near top, right of centre). (E, F) Dendrobeania lichenoides Robertson: (E) autozooids and one ovicellate zooid; (F) abfrontal surface of portion of colony, showing attachment radicles. All specimens unbleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C); 400 Mm (B); 1 mm (D, F); 500 Mm (E).

Figure 7. (A, B) Cribrilina annulata (Fabricius): (A) autozooids and frontally budded dwarf ovicellate zooids; bleached; (B) autozooids (lower right), ovicellate zooids in primary layer (lower centre and left), and frontally budded dwarf ovicellate zooids (top); bleached. (C–F) Cribrilina corbicula (O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue): (C) astogenetically young autozooids; unbleached; (D) ovicellate zooids in primary layer and frontally budded dwarf ovicellate zooids; bleached; (E) ovicellate zooids in primary layer and newly forming dwarf ovicellate zooids with membranous front only (upper left of centre) or with incomplete costae (lower right and centre); note compressed, subspatulate suboral costae; unbleached; (F) ancestrula and surrounding zooids; unbleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A–E); 1 mm (F).

Figure 8. (A–D) Puellina caesia n. sp.: (A) group of autozooids; bleached; (B) group of ovicellate zooids; bleached; (C) colony margin showing several stages of ovicell formation; bleached; (D) enlargement showing setiform papillae proximolateral to orifice; unbleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, C); 200 Mm (D).