Stenocionops furcatus ( Olivier, 1791 )

Colavite, Jessica, Santana, William & Tavares, Marcos, 2016, Morphological differences between Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791) and S. coelatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea), Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 517-528 : 520-523

Stenocionops furcatus ( Olivier, 1791)

( Figs. 1 B , D, F; 2 B; 3 A–B; 4 A–D)

Horned Crab Hughes, 1750: 266, pl. 25, fig. 3 [ Barbados].

Cangrejo Cornudo Parra, 1787: 135 , pl. 50, figs. 2–3 [ Cuba].

Cancer furcatus Olivier, 1791: 148 , 174 [Type locality not given; type perhaps not extant].

Cancer cornudo Herbst, 1804 : 0 6, pl. 59, fig. 6 [type locality: unknown; type in the Berlin Zoological Museum (ZMB Herbst 0070)].

Maia taurus Lamarck, 1818: 242 .

Pericera cornuta —H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 335; pl. 14 bis, figs. 4–5; 1837: pl. 30, fig. 1; Lucas, 1846: 135; Gibbes, 1850a: 172, 1850b: 26; Guérin-Méneville, 1856: XI; Saussure, 1858: 426; Jones, 1859: 129; Stimpson, 1862: 183; 1871: 113; Desbonne & Schramm, 1867: 12; Streets, 1872:131; Martens, 1872: 84; A. Milne-Edwards, 1873: 51; Miers, 1879: 664, pl. 13, figs. 4–5; 1886: 76; Aurivillius, 1889: 54, pl. 2, fig. 3; Adams & Kendall, 1891: 303; Thallwitz, 1892: 54; Rathbun 1892: 244; Ortmann, 1893: 63; Young, 1900: 69; Moreira, 1901: 64; Coulon, 1908:48; Gundlach & Torralbas, 1917: 19, fig. 629G.

Chorinus armatus Randall, 1839: 108 [Type locality: unknown].

Stenocionops furcata — Rathbun, 1897: 06; 1901: 73; 1925: 449, pl. 160–161; 1933: 33, fig. 30; Verril, 1908: 415, pl. 25, fig. 2; Stebbing, 1910: 291; Boone, 1930: 102, pl. 31; Holthuis, 1959: 190; Guinot-Dumortier, 1960: 180, figs. 21 a–b; fig. 1; Fausto-Filho, 1967: 12; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 217; Vélez, 1977: 134, fig 25; Melo, 1996: 244, fig. 1; Sakai, 1999: 25, pl. 12C.

Stenocionops furcata furcata — Powers, 1977: 58; Abele & Kim, 1986: 49, 507, 543 fig. a; Arenas-Fuentes & Hernández- Aguilera, 2000: 117; Niziski, 2003: 131.

Stenocionops furcatus — Santana et al., 2004: 859 –874; McLaughlin et al., 2005: 252; Ng et al., 2008: 120; Almeida & Coelho, 2008: 196; Coelho et al., 2008: 24; Melo, 2010: 43; Alves et al., 2012: 56.

Type locality. Locality not given

Geographical distribution. Stenocionops furcatus is found in the Western Atlantic from Georgia to the Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (from Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul).

Material examined. USA, Florida, Gulf of Mexico , Oregon, stn. 4088, 27°44’N – 83°45’W, 04.xii.1962, W. Santana det., 44 m, 1 male ( USNM 1256362 ) . Danish West Indies, From fish pot just outside Harbor , iii.1915, C. R. Shoemaker coll., 1 male, 1 female ( USNM 49954 ) . Jamaica, Montego Bay, Piles of Wharf , 07.v.1910, E. A. Andrews coll., 1 male ( USNM 43088 ) . Montego Bay , caught in fish pot in shallow water, 1910, C. B. Wilson coll., 1 female ( USNM 43084 ) . Montego Bay , vii.1910, E. A. Andrews coll., 1 male ( USNM 43086 ). Oregon, stn. 5398, 17°53’N – 77°50’W, 18.v.1975, W. Santana det., 40–48 m, 2 males ( USNM 1256352 ) . Barbados, Barbados-Antigua Expedition, 1918, State University of Iowa coll., M. J. Rathbun det., 1 male ( USNM 72563 ) . Colombia, “Oregon”, stn. 4393, 12°32’N – 71°04’W, 25.ix.1963, W. Santana det., 84 m, 1 male ( USNM 125644 ) . Gulf of Morrosquillo , Oregon II, stn 10230, 9°33’N – 76°02’W 28.xi.1968, D.J.G. Griffin and H. B. Roberts det., 49 m, 1 male ( USNM 1191786 ) . Venezuela, Blanquilla Island , undated, 1 female ( GIC 086 ) . Los Testigos Islands , undated, 2 males (GIC unnumbered) . Cubagua Island , 24.viii.2014, Bolaños J. coll. 1 female ( LSZ 04 ) . Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Bacia de Campos , 25. xi.2010, J.B. Mendonça Jr. coll., 1 female ( MZUSP 29838 ) . Rio de Janeiro, Baia da Ilha Grande , i.2007, 1 male ( MZUSP 17909 ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba, Projeto Integrado , 14.vi.1995, F. Torres coll., 1 male ( MZUSP10839 ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba, Projeto Integrado , stn., 4856, 0 3. vii.1990, 1 juvenile ( MZUSP 8044 ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba, Projeto Integrado , 03.vii.1990, 3 males ( MZUSP 8046 ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba, Projeto Integrado , stn. 4855, 03.vii. 1990, 1 male ( MZUSP 8042 ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba, Ubatuba Bay , 18.xii.1986, M. Tavares and F.W. Kurtz coll., 1 male ( MZUSP 16165 ) . São Paulo, Búzios Island , 14.xi.01, G. Melo and Silvano R. coll., 1 female ( MZUSP 13978 ) . Rio Grande do Sul, Projeto REVIZEE Sul , stn. 6681, 09.i.1998, 1 juvenile ( MZUSP 3878 ) . Rio Grande do Sul, Projeto REVIZEE Sul , stn 6661, 09.i.1998, 1 female, 1 juvenile female ( MZUSP 13392 ) .

Remarks. Olivier's species Cancer furcatus was transferred to the genus Stenocionops by Rathbun (1897) as S. furcata (feminine singular of furcatus ). However, in accordance with the provisions of the ICNZ (1999: 35, Art. 30.1.4.3) Stenocionops should be treated as masculine and, therefore, the specific epithet should take its gender, S. furcatus .

Randall (1839) described Chorinus armatus based on a single adult male from an unknown locality, which Gibbes (1850) considered to be identical to S. furcatus (Olivier, 1871) (as P. cornuta ). Randall's morphological description of the male holotype agrees very well with the presumed male holotype of C. armatus deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP CA3802) ( Figs. 4 A, B ). Additionally, according to Randall the length of the carapace of the holotype was "nearly 3.5 inches" (88.89 mm), rostrum not included. The carapace length of the presumed male holotype of C. armatus (80.3 mm) is close to the measurement given by Randall. Similarly, Herbst's (1804) Cancer cornudo has been considered a junior synonym of S. furcatus ( Olivier, 1791) (e.g., Rathbun, 1897; Sakai 1999). From the photographs of the male holotype of Chorinus armatus Randall, 1839 , and the female holotype of Cancer cornudo Herbst, 1804 ( Figs. 4 A –D), it is evident that both species apply to Stenocionops in every respect. The lack of the strong crenation on the anterior margin of the male sterno-abdominal cavity in Chorinus armatus confirms that it is a junior synonym of S. furcatus ( Olivier, 1791) and not of S. coelatus (see below). The crenation on the anterior margin of the sterno-abdominal cavity is absent in the females and, therefore, is of no help to ascertain the synonymy of Cancer cornudo and S. furcatus . Consequently, here we have to rely on the distinctly smoother carapace of the female holotype of C. cornudo (comparatively to S. coelatus ) to accept its synonymy with S. furcatus .

Miers (1886: 76) recorded S. furcatus (as Pericera cornuta ) from South Africa based on an adult male caught by the Challenger Expedition and labeled as collected from Simon's Bay (Cape of Good Hope). This is the only record of the genus Stenocionops from outside the Americas and is probably a labeling error. Bahia (Brazil) was the last western Atlantic locality visited by the HMS Challenger before she departed to the Cape of Good Hope. Owing to bad weather the Challenger could not approach Trindade Island and altered her course to Tristan da Cunha and from there sailed to Symon’s Bay, where the crew stayed in quarantine (Spry 1878). It is possible that material actually collected in the coast of Brazil was labeled in Symon’s Bay as being from there.

Living specimens of S. furcatus have the carapace light brown in color with whitish spots in both sides, reddish marks in gastric, cardiac and intestinal regions. The legs are slightly darker then the carapace ( Figs. 3 A, B ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A, C, E, Stenocionops coelatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878), male, cl 134.10 mm, cw 106.96 mm (USNM 93678). B, D, F, Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791), male, cl 121.35 mm, cw 78.91 mm (USNM 1191786). A – B, Habitus, dorsal view cephalothorax; C – D, lateral view of cephalothorax and abdomen; E – F, ventral view of thoracic sternum. Scale bars: A – D, 50 mm and E – F, 25 mm.

FIGURE 4. A, B, Presumed holotype of Chorinus armatus Randall, 1839, male, cl 80.3 mm, cw 64.0 mm (ANSP CA 3802), junior synonym of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791). C, D, Holotype of Cancer cornudo Herbst, 1804, female, cl 69 mm, cw 50.5 mm (ZMB 0070), junior synonym of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791). A – D, Habitus, dorsal and ventral views. Photographs by Paul Callomon (A, B) and Charles Oliver Coleman (C, D). Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIGURE 3. A, B, Habitus, dorsal view of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791), female, cl 63.37 mm, cw 46.32 mm (LSZ 004). A, Color in life. B, Crab decorated with sponges and anemones for camouflage. Scale bars: 10 mm.