Charinus bichuetteae, Giupponi & Miranda, 2016

Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce de Leão & Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, 2016, Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arαchnidα: Amblypygi: Chαrinidαe) Endemic for the Brαziliαn Amαzon, with Notes on Their Conservαtionαl Stαtus, PLoS ONE (e 0148277) 1892 (2), pp. 1-33 : 23-26

Charinus bichuetteae new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:72D4630E-2DF3-49D2-AE7F-1ADEF14F6A5B

( Figs 11A–11F , 2H and 3H)

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Maria Elina Bichuette ( UFSCar, SP, BR), in recognition to her contribution to arachnology and cave biology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Gruta do China, Vitória do Xingu , AL 44, 09. vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Male holotype, MNRJ 09204 ) . Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Vitória do Xingu, Gruta do China AL 44, 09. vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Male, MNRJ 09173 ) ; Altamira, Gruta do Sismógrafo , AL 05, 07.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Female and female juvenile, MNRJ 09172 ) ; Vitória do Xingu , Paratizão, AL 19, 10.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Female, MNRJ 09174 ) ; Altamira, B0103: Caverna Sugiro-Roncador, 2.i.2011, B0026: margem de rio, sob pedra, 3.iv.2011, B0049: Caverna Pedra da Cachoeira , 3.iv.2011, ME Bichuette, J.E. Gallão; D.M. von Schimonsky, DR Pedroso leg. (1 Male and 3 females, MNRJ 09311 ) .

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; well-developed lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum, strongly sclerotized; dorsal pedipalp femur with two spines; basal pedipalp distitarsus spine small, ¼ the length of the distal; Leg tibia I with 21 articles and tarsus with 37; basitibia IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; pale yellow body color; cushion-like female

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g011

gonopod with lateral projections directed backwards covering all the opening of the internal seminal receptacles (atrium).

Description. Carapace ( Fig 11A ): flattened, wider than long (ratio a little over 4/5) with an anterior smooth depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle. From this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump, behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Median eyes absent. Lateral eyes well developed. Frontal process projected downwards between the chelicerae with an blunt apex.

Sternum ( Fig 11C ). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae; the setiferous tubercles are elevated giving an “M” shape to the piece. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen ( Fig 11A ). Same as C. brescoviti sp. nov.

Chelicera ( Fig 2H ). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second, and the distal slightly larger than half of the first. Teeth length (from tip to basis) I>II = III = IVa<IVb. Claw with 6 denticles, the two first are larger and the rest is subequal.

Pedipalp. Trochanter ( Fig 11E and 11F ): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis, bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards with a slight curve, and 2 subequal ventral spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip; dorsally with one large setiferous tubercle. Femur ( Fig 11E and 11F ): 2 dorsal spines at the middle of the pedipalp, the basal larger than distal (I>II); before the first spine, two prominent setiferous tubercle; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III). Tibia ( Fig 11E and 11F ): main series with three spines (I>II>III); the second one third the first and the third two thirds the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and distally a small setiferous tubercle; 2 ventral spines, the basal one third of the first. Basitarsus ( Fig 11D ): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, half the size of the dorsal. Distitarsus ( Fig 11D ): with 2 well developed curved spines, the basal one third the distal; distal spine of distitarsus slightly smaller than the distal spine of the basitarsus. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw ( Fig 11D ): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 2 pseudo-articles, one trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article at the edge of the basal third and median third. Distitibia ( Fig 3H ): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); bc closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus / distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Males (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 1, 65 mm, Width: 2, 17 mm. Abdomen: 1, 26 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 1.04 mm, Tibia 1.00 mm, Basitarsus 0.62 mm, Distitarsus 0.49 mm, Tarsal claw 0.38 mm. Females (n = 3): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.27 mm (2.17–2.48), Width: 3.20 mm (3.00–3.352). Abdomen: 3.83 mm (3.26–4.04). Pedipalp: Femur 1.77 mm (1.57–1.87), Tibia 1.77 mm (1.61–1. 87), Basitarsus 1.0 mm (0.9–1.1), Distitarsus 0.7 mm (0.7– 0.8), Tarsal claw 0.7 mm (0.6–0.7).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live have unknown.

Genitalia. Male gonopods: the male is a juvenile with the gonopods not well developed, so it is not described here as it can lead to misinterpretations. Female gonopod: cushion-like, without lateral projections, and with sclerotized parts (border of the atrium); the sclerotized region has small denticles; atrium open, with internal seminal receptacles; wall of the gonopods with an inflated aspect.

Natural history. The specimens collected were on the wall of the caves (Gruta do China, Gruta do Sismógrafo, Caverna Sugiro-Roncador, Caverna Pedra da Cachoeira).

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g012

Figures

Fig 2. A-H. Mesal view of the right chelicerae of all new species here described. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female paratype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype,MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 41460); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (male paratype, MZSP 28291); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29106); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 9173). Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g002

Fig 3. A-H. Trichobothria of left basitibia IV and distitibia IV. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female holotype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29136); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 09173). Acronyms: bt, basotibial; bf, basofrontal; bc, basocaudal; sbf, sub-basofrontal; sc, caudal series; sf, frontal series;. Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g003

Fig 11. A-F. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male holotype, MNRJ 09204). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Young live specimen in the soil in Altamira. C. Sternum; D. Frontal view of the right pedipalp basitiba,distitiba and claw; E. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; F. Ventral view of the right pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. Photo B by Denis Pedroso.